# 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance
**71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance** (German: *71 Fragmente einer Chronologie des Zufalls*) is a 1994 Austrian drama film written and directed by [Michael Haneke](https://www.edgepedia.org/michael-haneke), structured as 71 short scenes that follow a group of seemingly unrelated Viennese residents whose lives converge in a fatal bank shooting on [Christmas Eve](https://www.edgepedia.org/christmas-eve) 1993.[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [2](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1995/films/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) It is the final part of the trilogy that began with *[The Seventh Continent](https://www.edgepedia.org/the-seventh-continent)* (1989) and *Benny's Video* (1992), which Haneke described as reports on the emotional glaciation of his country.[3](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [4](https://www.filmfestival.be/en/film/71-fragmente-einer-chronologie-des-zufalls-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
| Key fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Director and writer | Michael Haneke, who wrote the screenplay as well[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) |
| Premise | On Christmas Eve 1993 a 19-year-old student kills several complete strangers in a Viennese bank for no apparent reason, then kills himself; the film's fragments move toward that night[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [5](https://dvdupc.com/content/4500-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) |
| Structure | 71 scenes following twelve different characters, including an undocumented Romanian boy, a couple seeking to adopt, a college student, and a lonely old man[2](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1995/films/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [3](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) |
| Austrian release | 24 September 1994, distributed by Stadtkino Filmverleih; 4,498 admissions[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) |
| Runtime | Reported as 96 minutes by the Austrian Filminstitut and IFFR, 99 minutes by Criterion, and 100 minutes by IMDb and Film Fest Gent[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [3](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [6](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109020/) • [4](https://www.filmfestival.be/en/film/71-fragmente-einer-chronologie-des-zufalls-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) |
| Key crew | Producer Veit Heiduschka; cinematography Christian Berger; editing Marie Homolkova; production Wega Film with ARTE and ZDF[3](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) |
| Awards | 1994 Directors' Fortnight at Cannes; Gold Hugo for Best Feature at Chicago; Best Film and Best Screenplay at Sitges; Special Mention of the Jury for Lukas Miko at Geneva[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) |
## Spoilers
### Premise and structure
The film tells its audience the ending before it shows anything else. On Christmas Eve 1993, a 19-year-old student killed several people, all of them complete strangers, for no apparent reason, and then killed himself.[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) The fragmented film then flashes back to 12 October and progresses toward the fateful night.[5](https://dvdupc.com/content/4500-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
From there the film proceeds in 71 fragments, following twelve characters whose routines appear unconnected until the final encounter.[2](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1995/films/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) Among them are Marian Radu (Gabriel Cosmin Urdes), an undocumented Romanian boy living on the streets of Vienna; Max (Lukas Miko), a college student who furiously plays table tennis against a mechanical server; Tomek (Otto Grünmandl), an old man who refuses to get off the phone with his daughter and granddaughter; and Hans (Branko Samarovski) and Maria (Claudia Martini), a middle-aged couple living in noncommunication.[3](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [7](https://www.timeout.com/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [8](https://www.qnetwork.com/review/4576) The only narrative connection between the strands is the end point itself, when the student walks into the bank and begins shooting.[9](https://files.ehive.com/accounts/202990/objects/files/8c11443afacb4a278945fa4778835148.pdf)
**Formal devices.** Each scene is cut to black and held there briefly, marking the fragment boundaries.[10](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/71_fragments_of_a_chronology_of_chance) [Television](https://www.edgepedia.org/television) news broadcasts run throughout, reporting on the war in former [Yugoslavia](https://www.edgepedia.org/yugoslavia) and the [Michael Jackson](https://www.edgepedia.org/michael-jackson) affair; Haneke does not try to explain the shooter's psychology but instead shows the world of images in which the characters live.[2](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1995/films/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) A distinctive overhead tracking shot occurs twice: at the beginning, when the runaway boy first escapes to the city, and at the end, when the shooter crosses the street, climbs into his car, and shoots himself.[11](https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/cteq/71_fragments/)
## Production
Shooting took place from October to December 1993 at locations including Vienna, Perchtoldsdorf, Vösendorf, Baden, and Laa an der Thaya.[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) The film was produced by Wega-Filmproduktionsgesellschaft with television investment from ORF and ZDF, and funding from the Austrian Filminstitut and Filmfonds Wien.[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) Christian Berger served as director of photography, Marie Homolkova as editor, Christoph Kanter as production designer, and Erika Navas as costume designer.[3](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) Dialogue is in German, English, and Romanian.[4](https://www.filmfestival.be/en/film/71-fragmente-einer-chronologie-des-zufalls-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
## The glaciation trilogy
*71 Fragments* concludes what has come to be known as Haneke's glaciation trilogy (*Vergletscherungs-Trilogie*), after the director described the films as "reports on the progression of the emotional glaciation of my country."[12](https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/3788-code-unknown-eurovisions) The trilogy's motto is a sentence from Pascal: "Vous êtes embarqués" ("You are embarked").[4](https://www.filmfestival.be/en/film/71-fragmente-einer-chronologie-des-zufalls-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) As in the first two parts, the plot's focus is an act of violence lacking a sufficient explanatory motive; Haneke's stated task was to establish a structure of questions, avoid providing answers, and enable a variety of conflicting interpretations.[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [4](https://www.filmfestival.be/en/film/71-fragmente-einer-chronologie-des-zufalls-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
The film's fragmentation reinforces its themes of alienation and communication breakdown, literally alienating the shots and scenes from one another.[11](https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/cteq/71_fragments/) Scholars have read the trilogy, made in the years before Austria's accession to the EU, as critiques of the dehumanizing regulation of everyday life and of the deterioration of familial and social bonds in contemporary [Western Europe](https://www.edgepedia.org/western-europe).[13](https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/2017358/8c1d2a5aec962a1df4b1fd607070fcf3.pdf?1523280563=)
## Release and reception
The film premiered in Austria on 24 September 1994 and drew 4,498 admissions.[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) It was selected for the Directors' Fortnight at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival and won the Gold Hugo for Best Feature at the Chicago International Film Festival, Best Film and Best Screenplay at the Sitges Festival, and a Special Mention of the Jury for Lukas Miko at Geneva.[1](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [14](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109020/awards/) For years it was Haneke's most obscure title, unavailable on home video and rarely screened theatrically, and it was virtually ignored on its initial release.[11](https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/cteq/71_fragments/)
Later assessments have been favorable. Manohla Dargis of *The New York Times* called it "an icy-cool study of violence both mediated and horribly real," rating it 4.5 out of 5.[10](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/71_fragments_of_a_chronology_of_chance) On Metacritic it holds a Metascore of 71 based on 8 critic reviews, and on Rotten Tomatoes a Tomatometer score of 67% from 6 reviews with a Popcornmeter score of 74% from more than 2,500 ratings.[15](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance/) • [10](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/71_fragments_of_a_chronology_of_chance) The film is now available on home video through the Criterion Collection and streams on the Criterion Channel.[3](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance) • [16](https://www.justwatch.com/us/movie/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
## References
1. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, Österreichisches Filminstitut](https://filminstitut.at/en/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
2. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, International Film Festival Rotterdam](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1995/films/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
3. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, The Criterion Collection](https://www.criterion.com/films/28838-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
4. [71 Fragmente einer Chronologie des Zufalls, Film Fest Gent](https://www.filmfestival.be/en/film/71-fragmente-einer-chronologie-des-zufalls-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
5. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (1994), DVD UPC](https://dvdupc.com/content/4500-71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
6. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (1994), IMDb](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109020/)
7. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, Time Out](https://www.timeout.com/movies/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
8. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, Q Network Film Desk](https://www.qnetwork.com/review/4576)
9. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, festival catalog PDF](https://files.ehive.com/accounts/202990/objects/files/8c11443afacb4a278945fa4778835148.pdf)
10. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, Rotten Tomatoes](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/71_fragments_of_a_chronology_of_chance)
11. [Modern Times: Notes Toward a Reading of Michael Haneke's 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance, Senses of Cinema](https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/cteq/71_fragments/)
12. [Code Unknown: Eurovisions, The Criterion Collection](https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/3788-code-unknown-eurovisions)
13. [A Companion to Michael Haneke](https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/2017358/8c1d2a5aec962a1df4b1fd607070fcf3.pdf?1523280563=)
14. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (1994) Awards, IMDb](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109020/awards/)
15. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance Reviews, Metacritic](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance/)
16. [71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance streaming, JustWatch](https://www.justwatch.com/us/movie/71-fragments-of-a-chronology-of-chance)
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*Topic: Encyclopedia › Arts and culture › Screen and stage › Film and television › Films and standalone screen works › Individual films by title and year › Drama and biographical films (individual works) › Drama films 1990s › Drama films early 1990s*
*Initially written Oct 3, 2026 · Reviewed: Oct 25, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026; Nov 1, 2026 · Last review: Oct 25, 2026*
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