# A. R. Rahman
**A. R. Rahman** (born 1967, as A. S. Dileep Kumar) is an Indian composer, singer-songwriter, music producer, and philanthropist known for film scores that fuse South Asian traditions with Western classical, electronic, and popular music. He rose to prominence with the 1992 Tamil film *Roja*, and in 2009 he won Academy Awards for both Best Original Score and Best Original Song for *Slumdog Millionaire*[1](https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/21595a66-2b06-425e-90d6-aeaf83bfb904) • [17](https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/apr/01/ar-rahman-slumdog-millionaire). He is widely known in India as the "Mozart of Madras"[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/).
| Key fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Born | 1967, in Madras (now Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India[3](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/A-R-Rahman/awards) |
| Name change | Born A. S. Dileep Kumar; his family converted to Sufi Islam and he took the name Allah Rakha Rahman[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/) |
| Debut | Musical director of Mani Ratnam's *Roja* (1992), chosen at age 26[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/) |
| Oscars | Two Academy Awards in 2009 for *Slumdog Millionaire*, Best Original Score and Best Original Song[1](https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/21595a66-2b06-425e-90d6-aeaf83bfb904) |
| Grammys | Two wins at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards (2010): Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for *Slumdog Millionaire* and Best Song Written for Motion Picture for "Jai Ho"[4](https://www.grammy.com/artists/ar-rahman/6529/) |
| National honors | Padmashri in 2000 and Padma Bhushan in 2010 from the Government of India[5](https://fukuoka-prize.org/files/download/en/LaureatesI18n/laureate_blocks/d7051551-0c01-4e75-96c9-5c65ce5c70c8/value01/value05) |
| Output by 2004 | Scores and songs for some 70 movies, with roughly 150 million albums sold by his own approximate count[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/) |
## Early life and musical beginnings
Rahman began playing piano at age 4. When his father died five years later, he went on the road, touring the world with the tabla player [Zakir Hussain](https://www.edgepedia.org/zakir-hussain)[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/). He also started paid work young, joining the troupe of the music director [Ilaiyaraaja](https://www.edgepedia.org/ilaiyaraaja) as a keyboardist at age 11[6](https://www.careerguide.com/student-profile/ebooks_pdf/gamechangers.pdf).
Electronic instruments shaped his sound early. In an oral history recorded for the music-products industry association NAMM, he recalled being exposed to keyboards through his father and being among the first in India to purchase early synthesizers, including the Yamaha DX-7[7](https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ar-rahman).
His family converted to Sufi Islam, inspired by the saint Karimullah Shah, and Dileep took the name Allah Rakha Rahman[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/) • [8](https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/anniversary/story/20210104-i-had-everything-in-la-1753039-2020-12-25/).
## Roja and the rise in Indian film music
In 1992 the Tamil director [Mani Ratnam](https://www.edgepedia.org/mani-ratnam) chose Rahman, then 26, as musical director of *Roja*[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/). Scoring an Indian film in this tradition means writing the songs with a lyricist as well as composing and conducting the background music, and Rahman proved fluent in all of it[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/). The score also crossed the Tamil-Hindi language barrier, opening a Hindi-language audience to his work[9](https://acr-journal.com/article/download/pdf/3067/).
**A hybrid style.** His songs were recognizably Indian while drawing on a world of influences, from raga to reggae and from Broadway to the film composer [Ennio Morricone](https://www.edgepedia.org/ennio-morricone). He later composed and performed across Qawwali, Carnatic and Hindustani classical, and American electronic music[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/) • [7](https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ar-rahman). The Fukuoka Prize citation describes his method as boldly mixing traditional South Asian, classical Western, and contemporary American hip-hop and other popular music[1](https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/21595a66-2b06-425e-90d6-aeaf83bfb904). Through the 1990s he built a body of work in films such as *Bombay*, *Dil Se*, *Rangeela*, *Taal*, and *Lagaan*[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/) • [6](https://www.careerguide.com/student-profile/ebooks_pdf/gamechangers.pdf).
His studio method differed from that of his predecessors, who employed musicians to reproduce notated ideas. Singers who worked with him describe being asked to improvise on a cluster of notes while he recorded immediately and edited later, a digital workflow he used in the home studio where the melody he captured became a leitmotif in *Taal* (1999)[10](https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/E0/05/28/67/00001/MENEZES_N.pdf).
## International work
Rahman's music reached Western audiences through [Andrew Lloyd Webber](https://www.edgepedia.org/andrew-lloyd-webber), who saw *Dil Se* on television and was drawn to the song "Chaiyya Chaiyya." The collaboration produced *Bombay Dreams*, a musical about half new Rahman songs and half hits from his films, which ran nearly two years in the West End before opening on Broadway in 2004[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/). He was also preparing a West End musical of *The Lord of the Rings* at that time[2](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/).
Hollywood scores followed. His soundtrack for [Danny Boyle](https://www.edgepedia.org/danny-boyle)'s *Slumdog Millionaire* (2008) won two Academy Awards at the ceremony held on February 22, 2009, honoring 2008 films[11](https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2009) • [1](https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/21595a66-2b06-425e-90d6-aeaf83bfb904). The film itself won the Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Academy Awards, and Rahman's two Oscars made him the third Indian to win an Academy Award[1](https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/21595a66-2b06-425e-90d6-aeaf83bfb904) • [17](https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/apr/01/ar-rahman-slumdog-millionaire). At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards he won both categories for which he was nominated, Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for *Slumdog Millionaire* and, with Gulzar and Tanvi Shah, Best Song Written for Motion Picture for "Jai Ho"[4](https://www.grammy.com/artists/ar-rahman/6529/). His score and song for *127 Hours* brought two further Oscar nominations in 2011[12](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006246/awards). Other international credits listed in his Fukuoka Prize curriculum vitae include *Inside Man*, *Elizabeth: The Golden Age*, *The Hundred-Foot Journey*, and *[Million Dollar Arm](https://www.edgepedia.org/million-dollar-arm)*[5](https://fukuoka-prize.org/files/download/en/LaureatesI18n/laureate_blocks/d7051551-0c01-4e75-96c9-5c65ce5c70c8/value01/value05).
## Recognition and later career
Time magazine listed Rahman among the world's most influential people in 2009[13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3biY7rjBkDY). The [Government of India](https://www.edgepedia.org/government-of-india) awarded him the Padmashri in 2000 and the [Padma Bhushan](https://www.edgepedia.org/padma-bhushan) in 2010[5](https://fukuoka-prize.org/files/download/en/LaureatesI18n/laureate_blocks/d7051551-0c01-4e75-96c9-5c65ce5c70c8/value01/value05). In 2016 he received the Grand Prize of the Fukuoka Prize, which cited his pioneering achievements in extending the artistic scope of film music[1](https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/21595a66-2b06-425e-90d6-aeaf83bfb904). Later honors include the Outstanding Achievement in [Music award](https://www.edgepedia.org/music-award) at the first Asian Awards in 2010[14](https://www.theasianawards.com/AR_Rahman.html) and, in 2024, Hollywood Music in Media Awards and Hollywood Independent Music Awards recognition for *The Goat Life*, along with a Silver Lotus Award for Best Music Direction (Background Score) in 2024[15](https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ar-rahman/bio/3030222477/). IMDb counts 146 wins and 149 nominations across his career[12](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006246/awards).
He has remained active on stage and beyond film. He has described his first concert appearance in the early 1990s as feeling "like death," and in a 2025 conversation at [Berklee College of Music](https://www.edgepedia.org/berklee-college-of-music), where he holds an honorary degree, he spoke about learning to be calm amid pressure as the essence of performing[16](https://www.berklee.edu/berklee-now/news/ar-rahman-berklee-interview). His collaboration with the Berklee Indian Ensemble, recorded at Boston's Symphony Hall, has drawn tens of millions of viewers on YouTube[16](https://www.berklee.edu/berklee-now/news/ar-rahman-berklee-interview). At Berklee he also discussed Secret Mountain, a project with OpenAI's Sam Altman that combines AI-powered virtual avatars with music and immersive storytelling; he urged artists to treat artificial intelligence as a tool and "be the driver, not the passenger"[16](https://www.berklee.edu/berklee-now/news/ar-rahman-berklee-interview).
**Sound and reach.** NAMM's summary of his career notes that his soundtracks for *Roja*, *Slumdog Millionaire*, and *127 Hours* brought not only awards and new audiences but wider awareness of Eastern musical cultures and traditions around the world[7](https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ar-rahman). His catalog spans hundreds of films and independent albums, from the 1997 non-film album *Vande Mataram* to collaborations such as the 2011 SuperHeavy project[5](https://fukuoka-prize.org/files/download/en/LaureatesI18n/laureate_blocks/d7051551-0c01-4e75-96c9-5c65ce5c70c8/value01/value05).
## References
1. [A. R. Rahman, Laureates, Fukuoka Prize (Grand Prize 2016)](https://fukuoka-prize.org/en/laureates/detail/21595a66-2b06-425e-90d6-aeaf83bfb904)
2. [Culture: The Mozart of Madras, Time (2004)](https://time.com/3834803/a-r-rahman-the-mozart-of-madras/)
3. [A R Rahman Awards, Times of India Entertainment](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/A-R-Rahman/awards)
4. [A.R. Rahman Grammy Awards and Nominations, Recording Academy](https://www.grammy.com/artists/ar-rahman/6529/)
5. [A.R. Rahman curriculum vitae, Fukuoka Prize](https://fukuoka-prize.org/files/download/en/LaureatesI18n/laureate_blocks/d7051551-0c01-4e75-96c9-5c65ce5c70c8/value01/value05)
6. [Gamechangers, CareerGuide.com](https://www.careerguide.com/student-profile/ebooks_pdf/gamechangers.pdf)
7. [AR Rahman Oral History, NAMM](https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ar-rahman)
8. [I had everything in LA: A R Rahman, India Today (2020)](https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/anniversary/story/20210104-i-had-everything-in-la-1753039-2020-12-25/)
9. [India's Contribution to World Cinema, Advances in Consumer Research](https://acr-journal.com/article/download/pdf/3067/)
10. [Menezes, first-person account of recording with Rahman for Taal, University of Florida Digital Collections](https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/E0/05/28/67/00001/MENEZES_N.pdf)
11. [The 81st Academy Awards (2009), Oscars.org](https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2009)
12. [A.R. Rahman Awards, IMDb](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006246/awards)
13. [A. R. Rahman Biography, People & History (YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3biY7rjBkDY)
14. [A.R. Rahman, The Asian Awards](https://www.theasianawards.com/AR_Rahman.html)
15. [A.R. Rahman Biography, Celebrity Facts and Awards, TV Guide](https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ar-rahman/bio/3030222477/)
16. [A. R. Rahman on Facing Fear and Finding the Divine, Berklee (2025)](https://www.berklee.edu/berklee-now/news/ar-rahman-berklee-interview)
17. [Around the world with AR Rahman – Music, the Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/apr/01/ar-rahman-slumdog-millionaire)
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*Topic: Encyclopedia › Arts and culture › Music › Musicians and ensembles › Individual musical biographies › Film, TV, and video-game composers*
*Initially written Sep 17, 2026 · Reviewed: Sep 18, 2026; Sep 30, 2026; Oct 25, 2026 · Edited: Sep 18, 2026; Sep 30, 2026; Oct 12, 2026; Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026 · Last review: Oct 25, 2026*
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