# After Life (ワンダフルライフ) (1998 film)
**After Life** (ワンダフルライフ, *Wandafuru Raifu*, literally "Wonderful Life") is a 1998 Japanese fantasy drama directed, written, and edited by [Hirokazu Kore-eda](https://www.edgepedia.org/hirokazu-kore-eda), in which the recently deceased spend one week in a way station between earth and heaven choosing a single memory to be recreated on film and carried into eternity[1](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life). It was Kore-eda's second feature, following *Maborosi* (1995), and is widely described as his international breakthrough[2](https://www.criterion.com/films/29081-after-life).
| Key fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Original title | ワンダフルライフ (*Wandafuru Raifu*, "Wonderful Life")[1](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life) |
| Director, writer, editor | Hirokazu Kore-eda[1](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life) |
| Production | TV Man Union and Engine Film, Japan, 1998; producer Shiho Sato[3](https://lp.p.pia.jp/event/movie/2443/index.html) |
| Runtime | 118 minutes (the Criterion Collection lists 119)[1](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life) • [2](https://www.criterion.com/films/29081-after-life) |
| Premise | The dead have seven days to choose one memory; staff film it, and it is screened on the final day before they move on[4](https://cinema.eiga.com/movie/33208/) |
| Documentary grounding | Kore-eda's team interviewed about 500 people and cast 11 non-professionals, mostly elderly, to play the newly dead[5](https://cinapse.net/2021/08/criterion-review-after-life-1998/) |
| Reception | Metascore 91, "Universal Acclaim"; Roger Ebert awarded four stars[6](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/after-life/critic-reviews/) |
## Spoilers
### Premise and story
In a countryside facility somewhere between heaven and earth, social workers help the freshly deceased sort through their memories. Each arrival must identify the single moment of ultimate happiness they will take with them as their personal heaven; anyone who cannot choose remains in purgatory[1](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life). The week runs on a fixed schedule: 22 newly dead arrive, counselors interview them, the chosen memories are staged and filmed, and a screening is held on the final day[4](https://cinema.eiga.com/movie/33208/).
The central relationship is between the young guide Mochizuki and a seventy-year-old man, Watanabe, who must come to terms with the idea that his life was ordinary and that he distinguished himself in no way[1](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life). Watanabe is one of the few who cannot pick a memory; to help him, the staff screen film records of his life, one for each of his years[7](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54752eb3e4b0d8c535b1ff34/t/69cade7cee805b7cb3d7091a/1774902996203/After%2BLife%2B%281%29.pdf). The realization this prompts leads Mochizuki, who has been unable or unwilling to choose a memory in the roughly fifty years since his own physical death, to select one at last: he chooses to leave remembering not only his earthly engagement to a woman who married someone else after he died, but also the camaraderie of his work in the facility and the young counselor who adored him there[8](https://bfidatadigipres.github.io/big%20screen%20classics/2023/12/03/after-life/). The counselors themselves, including Takashi (Arata, in his first film role) and Shiori (Erika Oda), remain in the way station because they were never able to decide on memories of their own[5](https://cinapse.net/2021/08/criterion-review-after-life-1998/).
## Documentary method within fiction
Kore-eda shaped the film's high-concept premise through a documentary-like approach, interviewing hundreds of Japanese citizens about their memories[2](https://www.criterion.com/films/29081-after-life). His team conducted about 500 interviews in pre-production and selected 11 of the interviewees, mostly elderly people, to play visitors to the way station; some amateur actors are clearly speaking about their own memories on camera[5](https://cinapse.net/2021/08/criterion-review-after-life-1998/) • [1](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life). Kore-eda said the interviews reaffirmed his understanding that people remember things with all five senses[8](https://bfidatadigipres.github.io/big%20screen%20classics/2023/12/03/after-life/).
For this film Kore-eda abandoned the storyboard, choosing instead to film the performers' desire for self-expression in front of the camera. In one recorded incident an elderly amateur actress revealed on camera that she had reported to her dead brother's household altar that morning that she was appearing in a film; the crew advised cutting the line because it broke the fantasy, but Kore-eda kept it, prioritizing what he called the beauty of her expression[9](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shageido/10/0/10_45/_pdf/-char/en).
## Production details
The film was produced by Shiho Sato for TV Man Union with Engine Film, with cooperation from Imagica, and was distributed in Japan by TV Man Union and Engine Film[3](https://lp.p.pia.jp/event/movie/2443/index.html). Yutaka Yamazaki served as cinematographer, with Masayoshi Sukita credited for the reenactment photography; Toshihiro Isomi and Hideo Gunji designed the art, and Yasuhiro Kasamatsu composed the music[10](https://nfad.nfaj.go.jp/det.php?data_id=112243). The cast includes ARATA, Erika Oda, Susumu Terajima, Takashi Naito, Kei Tani, Toru Yuri, and Yusuke Iseya[3](https://lp.p.pia.jp/event/movie/2443/index.html). It premiered at the [Toronto International Film Festival](https://www.edgepedia.org/toronto-international-film-festival) on September 11, 1998, and opened in Japan on April 17, 1999[11](https://movie.douban.com/subject/1294413/).
## Reception and awards
The film won the Grand Prix at the 20th Three Continents Festival in Nantes, the FIPRESCI prize at the 46th San Sebastián International Film Festival, and best screenplay awards at the [Rotterdam](https://www.edgepedia.org/rotterdam) and Buenos Aires festivals[12](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA51694421). On Metacritic it holds a metascore of 91, based on 19 positive reviews and no mixed or negative ones[6](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/after-life/critic-reviews/).
Critics emphasized its quiet, humane register. Roger Ebert, writing in the [Chicago Sun-Times](https://www.edgepedia.org/chicago-sun-times), gave it four stars and argued that Kore-eda, with this film and *Maborosi*, had earned the right to be considered with Kurosawa, Bergman, and other great humanists of the cinema[6](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/after-life/critic-reviews/). Stephen Holden of The New York Times called it a quiet, extraordinarily moving and sometimes funny meditation on the meaning and value of life[6](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/after-life/critic-reviews/). The BFI program notes observed that no other Japanese film the writer knew had approached the subject of death in such a mildly comic way[8](https://bfidatadigipres.github.io/big%20screen%20classics/2023/12/03/after-life/).
## Themes and legacy
The film reads as a meditation on memory and on cinema itself: paradise is figured as an act of cinematic preservation, and the recreation of chosen moments on film gives the story a self-conscious interest in filmmaking[13](https://www.filmlinc.org/films/after-life/). Scholars have also read it as a memory film that poses questions about individual versus collective memory in modern Japanese history, noting that although it is not a war film, its concern with how a life is remembered carries that resonance[14](https://asian.fiu.edu/jsr/jsr-2003-revised.pdf).
[The Criterion Collection](https://www.edgepedia.org/the-criterion-collection) released a director-approved special edition with a new 2K digital restoration, and Kore-eda later wrote a novelization of the film, published in English for the first time with that edition[2](https://www.criterion.com/films/29081-after-life).
## References
1. [After Life, International Film Festival Rotterdam programme notes](https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1999/films/after-life)
2. [After Life (1998), The Criterion Collection](https://www.criterion.com/films/29081-after-life)
3. [ワンダフルライフ 作品情報, ぴあ映画](https://lp.p.pia.jp/event/movie/2443/index.html)
4. [ワンダフルライフ 作品情報・あらすじ・キャスト, 映画.com](https://cinema.eiga.com/movie/33208/)
5. [Criterion Review: After Life (1998), Cinapse](https://cinapse.net/2021/08/criterion-review-after-life-1998/)
6. [After Life critic reviews, Metacritic](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/after-life/critic-reviews/)
7. [After Life study notes (PDF)](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54752eb3e4b0d8c535b1ff34/t/69cade7cee805b7cb3d7091a/1774902996203/After%2BLife%2B%281%29.pdf)
8. [After Life, BFI Southbank programme notes](https://bfidatadigipres.github.io/big%20screen%20classics/2023/12/03/after-life/)
9. [是枝裕和論文, 表現学誌 10 (J-Stage, Japanese)](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shageido/10/0/10_45/_pdf/-char/en)
10. [ワンダフルライフ, National Film Archive of Japan film database](https://nfad.nfaj.go.jp/det.php?data_id=112243)
11. [下一站，天国 ワンダフルライフ (1998), Douban](https://movie.douban.com/subject/1294413/)
12. [ワンダフルライフ, CiNii Books bibliographic record](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA51694421)
13. [After Life, Film at Lincoln Center](https://www.filmlinc.org/films/after-life/)
14. [The Fifty-Year War, Japanese Studies Review (FIU)](https://asian.fiu.edu/jsr/jsr-2003-revised.pdf)
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*Topic: Encyclopedia › Arts and culture › Screen and stage › Film and television › Films and standalone screen works › Individual films by title and year › Science fiction and fantasy films (individual works) › Science fiction and fantasy films of the 1990s › Released 1996 to 1999*
*Initially written Oct 3, 2026 · Reviewed: Oct 25, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026; Nov 1, 2026 · Last review: Oct 25, 2026*
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License: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license