# Amr al-Naqid
**Amr al-Naqid** (عمرو الناقد), full name Amr ibn Muhammad ibn Bakir ibn Sabur, kunya Abu Uthman, was a Sunni hadith transmitter and critic of Baghdad who settled in al-Raqqa, ranked in the tenth generation (tabaqa) of transmitters, and died in Baghdad in [Dhu al-Hijja](https://www.edgepedia.org/dhu-al-hijja) 232 AH (846–847 CE).[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/)
| Key fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Identity | Amr ibn Muhammad ibn Bakir ibn Sabur, Abu Uthman, laqab al-Hafiz al-Naqid, al-Baghdadi, resident of al-Raqqa and Baghdad, tenth tabaqa[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) |
| Teachers | Sufyan ibn Uyayna, Hushaym ibn Bashir, Waki' ibn al-Jarrah, Hafs ibn Ghiyath, Isma'il ibn Ulayya, Abd al-Razzaq, Ishaq ibn Yusuf al-Azraq, and others[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) |
| Students | Al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Abu Hatim al-Razi, Abu Zur'a al-Razi, Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and many others[5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) |
| Canonical presence | Narrations in both Sahih collections; Muslim cites him in books from Faith to Sales; one index counts 5 hadiths in Sahih al-Bukhari[2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/) • [6](https://sahibukhari.com/narrators/amr-bin-muhammad-bin-bukayr-al-naqid) |
| Critical verdicts | 27 aggregated verdicts, overwhelmingly praise (thiqa, thabt, sadiq); one jarh attributed to Ali ibn al-Madini on a single narration[7](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892) |
| Death | Thursday, four nights into Dhu al-Hijja 232 AH, in Baghdad (al-Karkh); one report says 231 AH[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) |
## Life, teachers and the Baghdad milieu
Al-Mizzi's *Tahdhib al-Kamal*, the standard biographical dictionary of hadith transmitters, records him as Abu Uthman al-Baghdadi al-Hafiz who settled in al-Raqqa.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) His teachers span the second/eighth-century hadith masters: [Sufyan ibn Uyayna](https://www.edgepedia.org/sufyan-ibn-uyayna), Hushaym ibn Bashir, Waki' ibn al-Jarrah, [Hafs ibn Ghiyath](https://www.edgepedia.org/hafs-ibn-ghiyath), Isma'il ibn Ulayya, Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam, Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Razi, and Ishaq ibn Yusuf al-Azraq, among others.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/) Ibn Manjuh's *Rijal Sahih Muslim* lists his teachers by subject matter, including Abd al-Razzaq specifically for material on marriage.[8](https://www.tarajm.com/people/22489)
**Standing in Baghdad.** Al-Husayn ibn Fahm, an associate of the historian Muhammad ibn Sa'd, described him as thiqa thabt, a master of hadith, a jurist, and one of the counted memorizers (huffaz), and reported that the people of Baghdad compiled a large book from him.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) He died in the Karkh district of Baghdad.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892)
## Students and place in the isnad network
Al-Dhahabi's *Siyar A'lam al-Nubala* lists among those who narrated from him al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Abu Zur'a, Abu Hatim, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Sarraj, Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili, Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi, Ja'far al-Firyabi, and many others.[5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) Abd Allah ibn [Ahmad ibn Hanbal](https://www.edgepedia.org/ahmad-ibn-hanbal), son of the imam Ahmad, also transmitted from him.[9](https://www.ibnalarabi.com/tarajim/tarjamat.php?id=6277) Al-Bukhari cited him in the Books of Sales, Prophets, and the Virtues of the Qur'an, while Muslim cited him in numerous books including Faith, Purification, Prayer, Hajj, Marriage, and Sales.[2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/) • [10](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/)
A sample chain preserved by al-Dhahabi reads: "Amr al-Naqid narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us, Amr ibn Dinar narrated to us", showing him transmitting from Sufyan ibn Uyayna; another documented chain runs through Ishaq ibn Yusuf al-Azraq back to [Abu Hurayra](https://www.edgepedia.org/abu-hurayra).[5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) • [11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd)
## Verdicts of the critics: jarh and ta'dil
The classical assessment of a transmitter rests on two kinds of statement: ta'dil (praise or grading) and jarh (disparagement). A structured aggregator records 27 verdicts on Amr al-Naqid, of which six state "kana yataharra al-sidq" (he sought truthfulness), four say thiqa, three thiqa amin sadiq, and one each "sadiq" and "not of the people of lying", against a single jarh.[7](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892)
**The praise.** Muhammad ibn Sa'd graded him thiqa, thabt, a master of hadith, one of the counted huffaz, and a jurist.[4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) [Abu Hatim al-Razi](https://www.edgepedia.org/abu-hatim-al-razi) said "thiqa, amin, sadiq"; his son Ibn Abi Hatim, asked about him, said "thiqa amin sadiq".[11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd) • [10](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/) Ahmad ibn Hanbal said "Amr al-Naqid used to seek truthfulness", a verdict reported through three chains in al-Mizzi's entry.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) [Yahya ibn Ma'in](https://www.edgepedia.org/yahya-ibn-main), told that a defect had befallen him, answered "he is not among the people of lying; he is sadiq", and elsewhere graded him thiqa sadiq.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [10](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/)
**The qualification.** Ibn Hajar's ranking in *Taqrib al-Tahdhib* is "thiqa hafiz, wahim fi hadith", reliable and a memorizer but prone to confusion (wahm) in hadith.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) The one recorded jarh is attributed to [Ali ibn al-Madini](https://www.edgepedia.org/ali-ibn-al-madini), his near contemporary (161–234 AH), who rejected a single narration, via Ibn Uyayna from Ibn Abi Najih from Mujahid, about Thaqafi, Qurashi, and Ansari men at the curtains of the Ka'ba, saying "this is a lie"; al-Khatib noted that the more correct account is that Hajjaj asked Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who gave that verdict.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd) In the classical method a specific jarh on one narration is weighed against general, repeated ta'dil; here the balance of 27 recorded verdicts lies heavily with praise, with Ibn Hajar's note of wahm the main standing qualification.[7](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892)
## By the numbers
*Kitab al-Zuhra*, quoted in the Ikmal Tahdhib al-Kamal, says al-Bukhari narrated ten hadiths from him and Muslim three hundred and twenty-two.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) Modern databases give different figures: Sunnah.com records 487 total narrated hadiths, of which 282 appear on the site; the [Sahih al-Bukhari](https://www.edgepedia.org/sahih-al-bukhari) narrator index sahibukhari.com counts 5 hadiths in Sahih al-Bukhari; and the Didn't He Say database lists 281 narrated reports alongside 91 teachers.[4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) • [6](https://sahibukhari.com/narrators/amr-bin-muhammad-bin-bukayr-al-naqid) • [11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd) Specific hadith numbers in [Sahih Muslim](https://www.edgepedia.org/sahih-muslim) carrying his name include 389f, 389g, 687b, and 985e.[4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195)
## His era: Baghdad and the Mihna
Amr al-Naqid's lifetime overlapped the Mihna, the inquisition begun by the caliph al-Ma'mun (d. 218/833), which demanded that the ulema assent to the doctrine that the Quran was created, and which was maintained by al-Mu'tasim (r. 218–227/833–842) and al-Wathiq (r. 227–232/842–847) before al-Mutawakkil abolished it by stages from 232 to 237/847–852.[12](https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e214abf8-1abf-4b21-ae4f-74b84031199b/files/rs4655g82p) He thus died in Baghdad in 232 AH, the year the enforcement era ended with al-Wathiq's death. Research on the Mihna describes it as principally an attempt to bring the emerging scholarly class under caliphal control, more securely identified with the [Hanafi school](https://www.edgepedia.org/hanafi-school) than the Mu'tazili in Josef van Ess's assessment.[12](https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e214abf8-1abf-4b21-ae4f-74b84031199b/files/rs4655g82p) A study of the Mihnat khulq al-Quran notes that it forced hadith narrators to declare a stance on whether the Quran's recitation is created, affecting how narrators were assessed.[13](https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol7iss4/7420_Osman_2019_E_R.pdf)
## References
1. [عمرو بن محمد بن بكير بن سابور الناقد, Shamela narrator page (Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, Ikmal Tahdhib al-Kamal, Taqrib al-Tahdhib)](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892)
2. [عمرو الناقد, The Hadith Transmitters Encyclopedia](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/)
3. [تهذيب الكمال, entry for عمرو بن محمد بن بكير الناقد, Islamweb Library](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان)
4. ['Amr ibn Muhammad al-Naqd, Sunnah.com narrator page](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195)
5. [سير أعلام النبلاء للذهبي, ترجمة عمرو الناقد](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/)
6. ['Amr bin Muhammad bin Bukayr (al-Naqid), Sahih al-Bukhari narrator index](https://sahibukhari.com/narrators/amr-bin-muhammad-bin-bukayr-al-naqid)
7. [من هو عمرو بن محمد بن بكير بن سابور؟, hdith.com narrator encyclopedia](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892)
8. [عمرو بن محمد بن بكير الناقد البغدادي, tarajm.com (citing Tabaqat al-Huffaz and Rijal Sahih Muslim)](https://www.tarajm.com/people/22489)
9. [تراجم الشيوخ والعلماء, ibnalarabi.com](https://www.ibnalarabi.com/tarajim/tarjamat.php?id=6277)
10. [عمرو بن محمد بن بكير الناقد, The Hadith Transmitters Encyclopedia](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/)
11. ['Amr ibn Muhammad al-Naqd, Didn't He Say](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd)
12. [The Inquisition outside Baghdad (Mihna), Oxford ORA](https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e214abf8-1abf-4b21-ae4f-74b84031199b/files/rs4655g82p)
13. [The Implication of Mihnah Khulq Al-Quran on the Status of Hadiths, IJICC (2019)](https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol7iss4/7420_Osman_2019_E_R.pdf)
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*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › Philosophy, religion, and mythology › Religion and spirituality › Religious biographies › Jewish, Islamic, and Dharmic religious leaders › Islamic religious leaders and scholars › Sunni imams and classical Islamic scholars › Hadith scholars and traditionists › Baghdad and Iraqi traditionists of the Abbasid era › Iraqi traditionist merchants and craftsmen*
*Initially written Oct 10, 2026 · Edited: Oct 11, 2026; Oct 15, 2026*
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