{ "id": "ep1bynpkws", "slug": "amr-al-naqid", "title": "Amr al-Naqid", "updated": "2026-10-15", "topic_path": [ { "id": "society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society" }, { "id": "society.belief", "label": "Philosophy, religion, and mythology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.belief" }, { "id": "society.belief.religion", "label": "Religion and spirituality", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.belief.religion" }, { "id": "society.belief.religion.people", "label": "Religious biographies", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.belief.religion.people" }, { "id": "society.belief.religion.people.non_christian_leaders", "label": "Jewish, Islamic, and Dharmic religious leaders", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.belief.religion.people.non_christian_leaders" }, { "id": "society.belief.religion.people.islamic_leaders", "label": "Islamic 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religious leaders", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.non_christian_leaders" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_leaders", "label": "Islamic religious leaders and scholars", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_leaders" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_sunni_scholars", "label": "Sunni imams and classical Islamic scholars", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_sunni_scholars" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_sunni_scholars.hadith_scholars", "label": "Hadith scholars and traditionists", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_sunni_scholars.hadith_scholars" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_sunni_scholars.hadith_scholars.baghdad-and-iraqi-traditionists-of-the-abbasid-e", "label": "Baghdad and Iraqi traditionists of the Abbasid era", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t500.society.belief.religion.people.islamic_sunni_scholars.hadith_scholars.baghdad-and-iraqi-traditionists-of-the-abbasid-e" } ] } ], "excerpt": "Amr al-Naqid (عمرو الناقد) was a Sunni hadith transmitter and critic of Baghdad who settled in al-Raqqa, taught al-Bukhari and Muslim, and died in 846 or 847.", "snippet": "Amr al-Naqid (عمرو الناقد) was a Sunni hadith transmitter and critic of Baghdad who settled in al-Raqqa, taught al-Bukhari and Muslim, and died in 846 or 847.", "node": "society.belief.religion.people.islamic_sunni_scholars.hadith_scholars.baghdad-and-iraqi-traditionists-of-the-abbasid-e.iraqi-traditionist-merchants-and-craftsmen", "markdown": "# Amr al-Naqid\n\n**Amr al-Naqid** (عمرو الناقد), full name Amr ibn Muhammad ibn Bakir ibn Sabur, kunya Abu Uthman, was a Sunni hadith transmitter and critic of Baghdad who settled in al-Raqqa, ranked in the tenth generation (tabaqa) of transmitters, and died in Baghdad in [Dhu al-Hijja](https://www.edgepedia.org/dhu-al-hijja) 232 AH (846–847 CE).[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/) \n\n| Key fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Identity | Amr ibn Muhammad ibn Bakir ibn Sabur, Abu Uthman, laqab al-Hafiz al-Naqid, al-Baghdadi, resident of al-Raqqa and Baghdad, tenth tabaqa[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) |\n| Teachers | Sufyan ibn Uyayna, Hushaym ibn Bashir, Waki' ibn al-Jarrah, Hafs ibn Ghiyath, Isma'il ibn Ulayya, Abd al-Razzaq, Ishaq ibn Yusuf al-Azraq, and others[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) |\n| Students | Al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Abu Hatim al-Razi, Abu Zur'a al-Razi, Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and many others[5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) |\n| Canonical presence | Narrations in both Sahih collections; Muslim cites him in books from Faith to Sales; one index counts 5 hadiths in Sahih al-Bukhari[2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/) • [6](https://sahibukhari.com/narrators/amr-bin-muhammad-bin-bukayr-al-naqid) |\n| Critical verdicts | 27 aggregated verdicts, overwhelmingly praise (thiqa, thabt, sadiq); one jarh attributed to Ali ibn al-Madini on a single narration[7](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892) |\n| Death | Thursday, four nights into Dhu al-Hijja 232 AH, in Baghdad (al-Karkh); one report says 231 AH[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) |\n\n## Life, teachers and the Baghdad milieu\n\nAl-Mizzi's *Tahdhib al-Kamal*, the standard biographical dictionary of hadith transmitters, records him as Abu Uthman al-Baghdadi al-Hafiz who settled in al-Raqqa.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) His teachers span the second/eighth-century hadith masters: [Sufyan ibn Uyayna](https://www.edgepedia.org/sufyan-ibn-uyayna), Hushaym ibn Bashir, Waki' ibn al-Jarrah, [Hafs ibn Ghiyath](https://www.edgepedia.org/hafs-ibn-ghiyath), Isma'il ibn Ulayya, Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam, Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Razi, and Ishaq ibn Yusuf al-Azraq, among others.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/) Ibn Manjuh's *Rijal Sahih Muslim* lists his teachers by subject matter, including Abd al-Razzaq specifically for material on marriage.[8](https://www.tarajm.com/people/22489)\n\n**Standing in Baghdad.** Al-Husayn ibn Fahm, an associate of the historian Muhammad ibn Sa'd, described him as thiqa thabt, a master of hadith, a jurist, and one of the counted memorizers (huffaz), and reported that the people of Baghdad compiled a large book from him.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) He died in the Karkh district of Baghdad.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892)\n\n## Students and place in the isnad network\n\nAl-Dhahabi's *Siyar A'lam al-Nubala* lists among those who narrated from him al-Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Abu Zur'a, Abu Hatim, Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Sarraj, Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili, Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi, Ja'far al-Firyabi, and many others.[5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) Abd Allah ibn [Ahmad ibn Hanbal](https://www.edgepedia.org/ahmad-ibn-hanbal), son of the imam Ahmad, also transmitted from him.[9](https://www.ibnalarabi.com/tarajim/tarjamat.php?id=6277) Al-Bukhari cited him in the Books of Sales, Prophets, and the Virtues of the Qur'an, while Muslim cited him in numerous books including Faith, Purification, Prayer, Hajj, Marriage, and Sales.[2](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/) • [10](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/)\n\nA sample chain preserved by al-Dhahabi reads: \"Amr al-Naqid narrated to us, Sufyan narrated to us, Amr ibn Dinar narrated to us\", showing him transmitting from Sufyan ibn Uyayna; another documented chain runs through Ishaq ibn Yusuf al-Azraq back to [Abu Hurayra](https://www.edgepedia.org/abu-hurayra).[5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) • [11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd)\n\n## Verdicts of the critics: jarh and ta'dil\n\nThe classical assessment of a transmitter rests on two kinds of statement: ta'dil (praise or grading) and jarh (disparagement). A structured aggregator records 27 verdicts on Amr al-Naqid, of which six state \"kana yataharra al-sidq\" (he sought truthfulness), four say thiqa, three thiqa amin sadiq, and one each \"sadiq\" and \"not of the people of lying\", against a single jarh.[7](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892)\n\n**The praise.** Muhammad ibn Sa'd graded him thiqa, thabt, a master of hadith, one of the counted huffaz, and a jurist.[4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) [Abu Hatim al-Razi](https://www.edgepedia.org/abu-hatim-al-razi) said \"thiqa, amin, sadiq\"; his son Ibn Abi Hatim, asked about him, said \"thiqa amin sadiq\".[11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd) • [10](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/) Ahmad ibn Hanbal said \"Amr al-Naqid used to seek truthfulness\", a verdict reported through three chains in al-Mizzi's entry.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [5](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/) [Yahya ibn Ma'in](https://www.edgepedia.org/yahya-ibn-main), told that a defect had befallen him, answered \"he is not among the people of lying; he is sadiq\", and elsewhere graded him thiqa sadiq.[3](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان) • [10](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/)\n\n**The qualification.** Ibn Hajar's ranking in *Taqrib al-Tahdhib* is \"thiqa hafiz, wahim fi hadith\", reliable and a memorizer but prone to confusion (wahm) in hadith.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) The one recorded jarh is attributed to [Ali ibn al-Madini](https://www.edgepedia.org/ali-ibn-al-madini), his near contemporary (161–234 AH), who rejected a single narration, via Ibn Uyayna from Ibn Abi Najih from Mujahid, about Thaqafi, Qurashi, and Ansari men at the curtains of the Ka'ba, saying \"this is a lie\"; al-Khatib noted that the more correct account is that Hajjaj asked Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who gave that verdict.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) • [11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd) In the classical method a specific jarh on one narration is weighed against general, repeated ta'dil; here the balance of 27 recorded verdicts lies heavily with praise, with Ibn Hajar's note of wahm the main standing qualification.[7](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892)\n\n## By the numbers\n\n*Kitab al-Zuhra*, quoted in the Ikmal Tahdhib al-Kamal, says al-Bukhari narrated ten hadiths from him and Muslim three hundred and twenty-two.[1](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892) Modern databases give different figures: Sunnah.com records 487 total narrated hadiths, of which 282 appear on the site; the [Sahih al-Bukhari](https://www.edgepedia.org/sahih-al-bukhari) narrator index sahibukhari.com counts 5 hadiths in Sahih al-Bukhari; and the Didn't He Say database lists 281 narrated reports alongside 91 teachers.[4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195) • [6](https://sahibukhari.com/narrators/amr-bin-muhammad-bin-bukayr-al-naqid) • [11](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd) Specific hadith numbers in [Sahih Muslim](https://www.edgepedia.org/sahih-muslim) carrying his name include 389f, 389g, 687b, and 985e.[4](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195)\n\n## His era: Baghdad and the Mihna\n\nAmr al-Naqid's lifetime overlapped the Mihna, the inquisition begun by the caliph al-Ma'mun (d. 218/833), which demanded that the ulema assent to the doctrine that the Quran was created, and which was maintained by al-Mu'tasim (r. 218–227/833–842) and al-Wathiq (r. 227–232/842–847) before al-Mutawakkil abolished it by stages from 232 to 237/847–852.[12](https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e214abf8-1abf-4b21-ae4f-74b84031199b/files/rs4655g82p) He thus died in Baghdad in 232 AH, the year the enforcement era ended with al-Wathiq's death. Research on the Mihna describes it as principally an attempt to bring the emerging scholarly class under caliphal control, more securely identified with the [Hanafi school](https://www.edgepedia.org/hanafi-school) than the Mu'tazili in Josef van Ess's assessment.[12](https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e214abf8-1abf-4b21-ae4f-74b84031199b/files/rs4655g82p) A study of the Mihnat khulq al-Quran notes that it forced hadith narrators to declare a stance on whether the Quran's recitation is created, affecting how narrators were assessed.[13](https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol7iss4/7420_Osman_2019_E_R.pdf)\n\n## References\n\n1. [عمرو بن محمد بن بكير بن سابور الناقد, Shamela narrator page (Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, Ikmal Tahdhib al-Kamal, Taqrib al-Tahdhib)](https://shamela.ws/narrator/4892)\n2. [عمرو الناقد, The Hadith Transmitters Encyclopedia](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%af/)\n3. [تهذيب الكمال, entry for عمرو بن محمد بن بكير الناقد, Islamweb Library](https://www.islamweb.net/ar/library/content/1001/5532/عمرو-بن-محمد-بن-بكير-بن-سابور-الناقد-أبو-عثمان)\n4. ['Amr ibn Muhammad al-Naqd, Sunnah.com narrator page](https://sunnah.com/narrator/6195)\n5. [سير أعلام النبلاء للذهبي, ترجمة عمرو الناقد](https://lib.efatwa.ir/40384/11/148/)\n6. ['Amr bin Muhammad bin Bukayr (al-Naqid), Sahih al-Bukhari narrator index](https://sahibukhari.com/narrators/amr-bin-muhammad-bin-bukayr-al-naqid)\n7. [من هو عمرو بن محمد بن بكير بن سابور؟, hdith.com narrator encyclopedia](https://hdith.com/encyclopedia/rawi/p-4892)\n8. [عمرو بن محمد بن بكير الناقد البغدادي, tarajm.com (citing Tabaqat al-Huffaz and Rijal Sahih Muslim)](https://www.tarajm.com/people/22489)\n9. [تراجم الشيوخ والعلماء, ibnalarabi.com](https://www.ibnalarabi.com/tarajim/tarjamat.php?id=6277)\n10. [عمرو بن محمد بن بكير الناقد, The Hadith Transmitters Encyclopedia](https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF/)\n11. ['Amr ibn Muhammad al-Naqd, Didn't He Say](https://didnthesay.com/figures/narrators/amr-ibn-muhammad-al-naqd)\n12. [The Inquisition outside Baghdad (Mihna), Oxford ORA](https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e214abf8-1abf-4b21-ae4f-74b84031199b/files/rs4655g82p)\n13. [The Implication of Mihnah Khulq Al-Quran on the Status of Hadiths, IJICC (2019)](https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol7iss4/7420_Osman_2019_E_R.pdf)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › Philosophy, religion, and mythology › Religion and spirituality › Religious biographies › Jewish, Islamic, and Dharmic religious leaders › Islamic religious leaders and scholars › Sunni imams and classical Islamic scholars › Hadith scholars and traditionists › Baghdad and Iraqi traditionists of the Abbasid era › Iraqi traditionist merchants and craftsmen*\n\n*Initially written Oct 10, 2026 · Edited: Oct 11, 2026; Oct 15, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/amr-al-naqid", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/amr-al-naqid.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Amr al-Naqid\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/amr-al-naqid. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Amr al-Naqid](https://www.edgepedia.org/amr-al-naqid)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/amr-al-naqid](https://www.edgepedia.org/amr-al-naqid). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Amr al-Naqid\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/amr-al-naqid. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "Amr al-Naqid was a Sunni hadith transmitter and critic of Baghdad who settled in al-Raqqa, taught al-Bukhari and Muslim, and died in 846 or 847." }