{ "id": "ep48beez4q", "slug": "chabi", "title": "Chabi", "updated": "2026-09-30", "topic_path": [ { "id": "society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society" }, { "id": "society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history" }, { "id": "society.history.asia", "label": "Asian history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.china", "label": "China", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.china" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.china.yuan", "label": "Mongol conquest and the Yuan dynasty (1206 to 1368)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.china.yuan" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.china.yuan.emperors-princes-and-succession", "label": "Emperors, princes, and succession", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.china.yuan.emperors-princes-and-succession" } ], "geo": [ { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.yuan", "label": "China · 1000 to 1799: Mongol conquest and the Yuan dynasty (1206 to 1368)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.yuan", "path": [ { "id": "geo.chn", "label": "China", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000", "label": "China · 1000 to 1799", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia", "label": "Asian history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china", "label": "China", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.yuan", "label": "Mongol conquest and the Yuan dynasty (1206 to 1368)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.yuan" } ] } ], "excerpt": "Chabi (察必), empress of Kublai Khan, was a Hongjila-clan woman whose 1259 warning prompted Kublai's return north and election as Great Khan; she died in 1281.", "snippet": "Chabi (察必), empress of Kublai Khan, was a Hongjila-clan woman whose 1259 warning prompted Kublai's return north and election as Great Khan; she died in 1281.", "node": "society.history.asia.china.yuan.emperors-princes-and-succession", "markdown": "# Chabi\n\n**Chabi** (察必) was a Yuan-dynasty woman of the Hongjila clan (弘吉剌氏), daughter of An Chen (按陈), Prince of Jining; the [History of Yuan](https://www.edgepedia.org/history-of-yuan) (《元史》) gives her posthumous title as Empress Zhaorui Shunsheng (昭睿顺圣皇后).[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/元史/卷114) Chabi is generally recorded as having died on 20 March 1281; the China Biographical Database (CBDB) entry giving 1277 appears to be erroneous.[2](https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0114410) • [8](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846131) • [2](https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0114410) \n\n| Fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Name | Chabi (察必), of the Hongjila clan[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/元史/卷114) |\n| Father | An Chen, Prince of Jining[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/元史/卷114) |\n| Death | 20 March 1281; the CBDB gives 1277, likely erroneously[2](https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0114410) • [8](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846131) |\n| Posthumous title | Empress Zhaorui Shunsheng (昭睿顺圣皇后)[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/元史/卷114) |\n\n## Origins and family\n\nThe History of Yuan identifies Chabi as the daughter of An Chen, the Prince of Jining, of the Hongjila clan.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/元史/卷114) She and Kublai were married just before 1240, since her eldest son was born in that year; almost nothing is recorded of her life between 1240 and Kublai's accession as Great Khan in 1260.[3](https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/khubilai/chabi_reading.htm) She gave her first-born son a Tibetan name, Dorji, from Tibetan rDo-rje.[3](https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/khubilai/chabi_reading.htm)\n\n## Career and recorded acts\n\n**The warning of 1259.** The History of Yuan's basic annals date Chabi's dispatch of a secret envoy to the army to the eleventh month, but [Hao Jing](https://www.edgepedia.org/hao-jing)'s \"Ban Shi Yi,\" written on the second day of the eleventh month, already mentions the matter, so the envoy must have reached the front at the end of the tenth month.[4](https://xzmz.cbpt.cnki.net/portal/journal/portal/client/paper/c9c2c00944f215a321b4f910fe37b2f8) It was she who urged Kublai to return north from the Song campaign and counter the threat from Arigh Boke.[3](https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/khubilai/chabi_reading.htm) The Belleten study adds that she first tried to slow the army marching on the capital under A Leitaida'er (阿勒台达尔) through diplomatic moves.[5](https://www.belleten.gov.tr/eng/full-text-pdf/3708/tur) The Persian History of Rashid al-Din, in its Russian and English translations, says the envoys of Chabi's ordo, the emirs Tayçiğutay and Yekü, brought the news; the Chinese study argues this is a mistranslation.[4](https://xzmz.cbpt.cnki.net/portal/journal/portal/client/paper/c9c2c00944f215a321b4f910fe37b2f8)\n\n**Religion.** A Chinese academic study holds that her several key appearances in history mediated between Kublai and Ba Siba (八思巴) and actively promoted the stable ruler-minister relationship the two later built.[4](https://xzmz.cbpt.cnki.net/portal/journal/portal/client/paper/c9c2c00944f215a321b4f910fe37b2f8)\n\n## Political influence\n\nChabi's influence reached the succession of 1260 itself: her warning about Arigh Boke prompted Kublai's return north and his election as Great Khan.[3](https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/khubilai/chabi_reading.htm) According to a Türk Tarih Kurumu study in *Belleten*, at court she worked to adapt to [Chinese culture](https://www.edgepedia.org/chinese-culture) and to reduce the influence of Mongol steppe law in the Yuan palace.[5](https://www.belleten.gov.tr/eng/full-text-pdf/3708/tur) Her mediation shaped the relationship between the throne and the Sa skya hierarchy.[4](https://xzmz.cbpt.cnki.net/portal/journal/portal/client/paper/c9c2c00944f215a321b4f910fe37b2f8)\n\n## Death and titles\n\nChabi died on 20 March 1281; the CBDB row gives 1277, which appears to be erroneous.[2](https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0114410) • [8](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846131)\n\n## Assessment and disputed points\n\nThe standard history presents her through anecdotes of frugality and direct speech, and modern studies read her as a political actor in the succession crisis of 1259 to 1260 and as a cultural mediator between Mongol and Chinese, and between court and Sa skya, practice.[3](https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/khubilai/chabi_reading.htm) • [4](https://xzmz.cbpt.cnki.net/portal/journal/portal/client/paper/c9c2c00944f215a321b4f910fe37b2f8) • [5](https://www.belleten.gov.tr/eng/full-text-pdf/3708/tur) Several facts remain unsettled. Her commonly accepted death year is 1281, though the CBDB gives 1277.[2](https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0114410) • [8](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846131) \n\n## Legacy\n\nQingbai porcelain figures of her were created in the last quarter of the thirteenth century as posthumous altar sculptures, to be worshipped in Yuan Tibetan Buddhist temples.[6](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joics.2025.100014) Her place in the succession of 1260, and, according to a study by Xu Zhenghong, the marriage of her niece Nanbi to Kublai after her death, kept her lineage tied to the Yuan throne.[7](https://thjcs.site.nthu.edu.tw/var/file/452/1452/img/4400/559459408.pdf) • [3](https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/khubilai/chabi_reading.htm) \n\n## References\n\n1. 《元史》卷一百一十四 后妃传 (Wikisource transcription), https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/元史/卷114\n2. China Biographical Database (CBDB), person 114410 察必, https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0114410\n3. Mongols in World History, Chabi reading (Asia for Educators, Columbia University), https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/pop/khubilai/chabi_reading.htm\n4. 从《萨迦世系史》看王妃察必的二、三事 (西藏民族大学学报), https://xzmz.cbpt.cnki.net/portal/journal/portal/client/paper/c9c2c00944f215a321b4f910fe37b2f8\n5. Yuan Hanedanı'nın Annesi: Çabi Hatun (Belleten), https://www.belleten.gov.tr/eng/full-text-pdf/3708/tur\n6. Porcelain figures for Empress Chabi of Khubilai Khan, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joics.2025.100014\n7. 许正弘：元代后妃与皇位继承研究, https://thjcs.site.nthu.edu.tw/var/file/452/1452/img/4400/559459408.pdf\n8. Q846131 (wikidata.org). https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846131\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › History and archaeology › Asian history › China › Mongol conquest and the Yuan dynasty (1206 to 1368) › Emperors, princes, and succession*\n\n*Initially written Sep 23, 2026 · Reviewed: Sep 30, 2026 · Edited: Sep 30, 2026 · Last review: Sep 30, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846131" ], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/chabi", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/chabi.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Chabi\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/chabi. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Chabi](https://www.edgepedia.org/chabi)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/chabi](https://www.edgepedia.org/chabi). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Chabi\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/chabi. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "Chabi, empress of Kublai Khan, was a Hongjila-clan woman whose 1259 warning prompted Kublai's return north and election as Great Khan; she died in 1281." }