{ "id": "epbcq5y3kt", "slug": "de-gele", "title": "De Gele", "updated": "2026-09-30", "topic_path": [ { "id": "society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society" }, { "id": "society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history" }, { "id": "society.history.asia", "label": "Asian history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.china", "label": "China", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.china" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.china.qing-early", "label": "Early Qing (1616 to 1796)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.china.qing-early" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders", "label": "Officials and military commanders", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders.civil-officials", "label": "Civil officials", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders.civil-officials" } ], "geo": [ { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders", "label": "China · 1000 to 1799: Officials and military commanders", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders", "path": [ { "id": "geo.chn", "label": "China", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000", "label": "China · 1000 to 1799", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia", "label": "Asian history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china", "label": "China", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.qing-early", "label": "Early Qing (1616 to 1796)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.qing-early" }, { "id": "geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders", "label": "Officials and military commanders", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.chn.t1000.society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders" } ] } ], "excerpt": "De Gele (德格勒) was a Manchu Bordered Blue Banner official who served the Kangxi Emperor as a Hanlin scholar and rose to President of the Hanlin Academy.", "snippet": "De Gele (德格勒) was a Manchu Bordered Blue Banner official who served the Kangxi Emperor as a Hanlin scholar and rose to President of the Hanlin Academy.", "node": "society.history.asia.china.qing-early.officials-and-military-commanders.civil-officials", "markdown": "# De Gele\n\nDe Gele (德格勒) was a Manchu official of the Bordered Blue Banner who served the [Kangxi Emperor](https://www.edgepedia.org/kangxi-emperor) of the [Qing dynasty](https://www.edgepedia.org/qing-dynasty) as a Hanlin scholar and rose to become President of the [Hanlin Academy](https://www.edgepedia.org/hanlin-academy) (掌院学士). He passed[3](http://iqh.ruc.edu.cn/old/qszx/qsjt/f86df603473c499c85a082b1bdf3b179.htm) the jinshi (highest degree in imperial China's civil-service examinations) examination in 1670 (康熙九年), entered the Hanlin Academy as a shujishi (庶吉士), and was appointed a compiler (编修) before rising through the posts of Reader-in-waiting (侍读学士) and diarist of the Day Lecture (日讲起居注官).[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282)\n\n| Fact | Detail |\n| --- | --- |\n| Banner | Manchu Bordered Blue Banner (满洲镶蓝旗)[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) |\n| Jinshi degree | 1670 (康熙九年)[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) |\n| Highest office | Head of the Hanlin Academy (翰林院掌院学士)[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) • [4](https://www.dpm.org.cn/lemmas/244802.html) |\n| Other posts | Compiler, Reader-in-waiting, Day Lecture diarist[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) |\n| Patron | Li Guangdi (李光地), who repeatedly praised his learning to the throne[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) |\n| Adversary | The Grand Secretary Ming Zhu (明珠)[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) |\n| Sentence | Beheading, commuted to imprisonment awaiting execution after the autumn assizes[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) |\n| End | Pardoned in an amnesty, released to his banner; died afterward[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) |\n\n## Career\n\nThe Kangxi Emperor summoned him to discuss the classics and history and took him along on inspection tours.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282)\n\nHis break with Ming Zhu came in two acts. First, when Mingju, then holding power as Grand Secretary and cultivating scholar-officials with gifts, sent money to outfit De Gele for a journey, De Gele refused it. Second, during a prolonged drought the Emperor ordered De Gele to cast a divination, which yielded the hexagram Guai (夬). Asked to interpret it, De Gele replied that the image showed rain about to fall but withheld because \"five yang lines expel one yin: a petty man occupies the tripod-and-cauldron,\" the position of chief minister, and that removing him would bring rain. Asked who fit that description, De Gele named Mingju. Mingju thereafter spread rumors that De Gele and the Reader-in-waiting Xu Yuanmeng (徐元梦) were promoting each other; Xu, like De Gele, had refused to attach himself to Mingju.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282)\n\nWhen [Li Guangdi](https://www.edgepedia.org/li-guangdi), leaving the capital on leave, reported in person that De Gele and Xu Yuanmeng were men of broad learning and fine writing, a month later the Emperor summoned the ministers [Chen Tingjing](https://www.edgepedia.org/chen-tingjing) (陈廷敬) and [Tang Bin](https://www.edgepedia.org/tang-bin) (汤斌) together with De Gele and Xu Yuanmeng to be examined at the Qianqing Palace. After reading the papers, the Emperor announced that De Gele's habit of passing judgment on contemporaries was not to his taste, and that the examination had now settled who was superior.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) According to the *Draft History of Qing*, Mingju was then dismissed from office.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) \n\n## Political influence\n\nHis refusal of Mingju's gift and his divination answer, delivered to the Emperor's face, made him one of the scholars who would not join Mingju's network, and the history pairs him with Xu Yuanmeng as a man who would not attach himself to the Grand Secretary.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) Mingju's fall came the year after the palace examination.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282)\n\n## Downfall and death\n\nSoon after Mingju's dismissal, the Zhangyuan Grand Secretary Kulena (库勒讷) impeached De Gele for privately erasing text from the diaries of state (起居注) and for mutual promotion with Xu Yuanmeng. The case went to the Ministry of Justice (刑部), which sentenced him to beheading; the Emperor commuted this to imprisonment awaiting execution after the autumn assizes, and Xu Yuanmeng was also punished. The established practice was that diaries went through several drafts before being entered in the register, and the passages De Gele had altered were in fact unfinished drafts.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282)\n\nWhen Li Guangdi returned to the capital, the Emperor ordered the Minister Zhang Yushu (张玉书) and others to show De Gele's examination papers to the Nine Ministers and to confront Li Guangdi. They reported that De Gele's writing was in fact mediocre, and Li Guangdi accepted blame for his false recommendation. De Gele was spared further proceedings, met an amnesty, was released to his banner, and died.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282)\n\n## Assessment and disputed points\n\nThe Emperor's own words at the palace examination amount to a verdict: De Gele was quick to judge other men's learning, and the tested papers showed the difference between reputation and substance.[1](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282) According to the guoxuedashi entry, his jinshi dates to \"the early Kangxi years\" rather than 1670 (康熙九年), and the entry states that he submitted a memorial impeaching Ming Zhu and asking for his removal.[2](https://www.guoxuedashi.com/renwu/23727yqui/) \n\n## References\n\n1. [《清史稿》卷二百八十二 (biography, Wikisource transcription)](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/清史稿/卷282)\n2. [德格勒_德格勒介绍及评价_德格勒生平事迹_德格勒轶事_清史历史人物](https://www.guoxuedashi.com/renwu/23727yqui/)\n3. [F86df603473c499c85a082b1bdf3b179 (iqh.ruc.edu.cn)](http://iqh.ruc.edu.cn/old/qszx/qsjt/f86df603473c499c85a082b1bdf3b179.htm)\n4. [翰林院掌院学士 - 故宫博物院](https://www.dpm.org.cn/lemmas/244802.html)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › History and archaeology › Asian history › China › Early Qing (1616 to 1796) › Officials and military commanders › Civil officials*\n\n*Initially written Sep 25, 2026 · Reviewed: Sep 30, 2026 · Edited: Sep 30, 2026 · Last review: Sep 30, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/de-gele", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/de-gele.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"De Gele\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/de-gele. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[De Gele](https://www.edgepedia.org/de-gele)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/de-gele](https://www.edgepedia.org/de-gele). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"De Gele\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/de-gele. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "De Gele was a Manchu Bordered Blue Banner official who served the Kangxi Emperor as a Hanlin scholar and rose to President of the Hanlin Academy." }