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 "slug": "egregore",
 "title": "Egregore",
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 "excerpt": "An egregore, from the Greek for \"to watch,\" is an occult thought-form entity a group creates through shared belief and ritual, which then gains autonomy.",
 "snippet": "An egregore, from the Greek for \"to watch,\" is an occult thought-form entity a group creates through shared belief and ritual, which then gains autonomy.",
 "node": "society.belief.religion.thought",
 "markdown": "# Egregore\n\nAn egregore is a non-physical entity or thought-form that a group is held to produce collectively through shared belief, ritual, and devotion, and which then acquires a degree of autonomy from its creators. The word is an occult term, rooted in the Greek *grēgoréō*, \"to be awake or to watch,\" and its modern history runs from the \"watchers\" of the [Book of Enoch](https://www.edgepedia.org/book-of-enoch) through 19th-century French occultism to present-day chaos magick and internet discourse.<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[2](https://www.simonosullivan.net/articles/avatars-egregores-and-the-writing-of-the-self.pdf)</sup>\n\n| Key fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Etymology | Greek *grēgoréō*, \"to be awake or to watch\"; in Hebrew the corresponding watcher-angel word is *ir*, in 1 Enoch<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup> |\n| Earliest attestation | The word *egregor* appears extensively in the 9th-century Chronography of Georgius Syncellus and its 1627 Latin translation<sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup> |\n| Modern coinage claim | Victor Hugo used \"egregore\" in *La légende des siècles* (1859); Éliphas Lévi popularized it from 1868, linking it to the watchers of 1 Enoch<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/5.html)</sup> |\n| Core definition | An autonomous psychic entity created by a collective group mind, sustained by belief, ritual, and sacrifice, from a small coven to an entire nation<sup>[5](https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/Egregores/Mark-Stavish/9781620555774)</sup> |\n| Servitor contrast | One practitioner's distinction is that servitors are typically individual-created and task-specific, while egregores arise from collective energy, are identity-based, and develop autonomy; elsewhere, the article describes servitors as semi-autonomous and notes a group-created servitor.<sup>[6](https://shadowgrimoire.com/harnessing-egregores-how-personal-and-collective-energy-creates-power/)</sup> |\n| Moral valence | Mouni Sadhu held egregores could be good or bad; Valentin Tomberg held they were always bad<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup> |\n| Modern spread | The term has circulated in internet culture via Paul VanderKlay, Jonathan Pageau, and others, applied to nations, religions, corporations, sports clubs, memes, and AI<sup>[7](https://mikesartori.substack.com/p/engaging-with-the-egregores)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[8](https://skojecfile.steveskojec.com/p/ai-is-an-egregore)</sup> |\n\n## Definition and etymology\n\nThe word's trail begins in late-antique Jewish apocalyptic literature. The Book of the Watchers section of 1 Enoch is thought to have been written around 300 BCE, and J. T. Milik's 1976 Oxford edition of the Aramaic Enoch fragments from Qumran Cave 4 gives the tradition a terminus ante quem of 164 BC. Its themes concern two hundred \"fallen\" angels, their interbreeding with human women, the Nephilim, and an apocalyptic battle between good and evil; the only extant complete version is in Ge'ez, originating around the [Horn of Africa](https://www.edgepedia.org/horn-of-africa).<sup>[9](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/2.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup> An investigative essay tracing the word concludes that an egregor is an angel, sometimes called a watcher; in Hebrew the word is *ir*, and the concept appears in 1 Enoch as edited by R. H. Charles.<sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup>\n\n**Attestation.** The word *egregor* appears extensively in the 9th-century Chronography of Georgius Syncellus, and in the 1627 Latin translation by Goar, whose Canon Chronicus carries entries such as \"Anni a mundi conditu 1000 primus egregorum descensus\" (\"in the year 1000 from the founding of the world, the first descent of the egregors\").<sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup> This creates a direct conflict with the common claim that [Victor Hugo](https://www.edgepedia.org/victor-hugo) coined the word: the Theosophical review of Stavish's book states it \"appears to have been coined\" by Hugo in *La légende des siècles* (1859), where a character \"knows the art of evoking demons, vampires, and egregores,\"<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup> while the etymological investigation documents the Syncellus usage a millennium earlier. The discrepancy is unresolved in the literature.\n\n## History of the concept\n\n**A long silence, then Hugo and Lévi.** After the 9th-century attestation and before the 15th century there is, according to the etymological investigation, no evidence that the Book of Enoch, or the expression *egregor* in Greek or Latin, was used at all.<sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup> Victor Hugo appears to be the first author to use the word as part of modern language, in *[La Légende des siècles](https://www.edgepedia.org/la-legende-des-siecles)* (1859), as both adjective and noun; less than a decade later, in 1868, it appears in [Éliphas Lévi](https://www.edgepedia.org/eliphas-levi)'s *Le Grand Arcane*, where Lévi identifies the word with Kabbalistic lore of the fathers of the Nephilim.<sup>[4](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/5.html)</sup> Lévi connected the term with the \"watchers\" of 1 Enoch and the sons of God of Genesis 6:2, and from Lévi the idea entered the French occult tradition of [Martinism](https://www.edgepedia.org/martinism).<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup>\n\nLévi's own usage is narrower than the later \"group thought-form\" sense. In *The Great Secret* (manuscript 1868), chapter 10, \"The Magnetism of Evil,\" he refers to the powers of nature and the cosmos as egregors: \"These colossal forces have sometimes taken a shape and have appeared in the guise of giants: these are the egregors of the Book of Enoch.\" He then concludes, \"This is why we reject the mythology of the egregors finally and absolutely.\"<sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup> A practitioner guide also cites *Le Grand Arcane* (1868) describing egregores as \"chiefs of the souls\" and \"spirits of energy and action.\"<sup>[6](https://shadowgrimoire.com/harnessing-egregores-how-personal-and-collective-energy-creates-power/)</sup>\n\n**The Russian and Martinist line.** Russian esotericism brought the concept to the fore through Grigorii Osipovich Mebes (1861–1930), whose disciples included Mouni Sadhu (Dymitr Sudowski, 1898–1966) and Valentin Tomberg (1900–73), author of *Meditations on the Tarot*.<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup> Notably, the term \"egregore\" is not found in published books by Golden Dawn members or affiliates such as Regardie, Underhill, Fortune, or Waite, despite claims that the Golden Dawn developed the concept.<sup>[3](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)</sup> [W. B. Yeats](https://www.edgepedia.org/w-b-yeats) did attempt to summon egregores as a member of the [Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn](https://www.edgepedia.org/hermetic-order-of-the-golden-dawn), which began in secret in 1887 London, according to one account.<sup>[10](https://www.theintrinsicperspective.com/p/the-planetary-egregore-passes-you)</sup>\n\n## Egregores in occult practice\n\n**Definitions diverge by lineage.** Mouni Sadhu, in *The Tarot*, defines an egregore as \"a collective entity, such as a nation, state, religions and sects and their adherents, and even minor human organizations,\" having physical, astral, and mental bodies.<sup>[9](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/2.html)</sup> Jean Dubuis, writing for the Philosophers of Nature, defined the egregore as \"the psychic and astral entity of a group,\" whose influences are received unconsciously, causing \"perturbing psychic influences\" and \"a restriction of inner freedom.\"<sup>[9](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/2.html)</sup> Joscelyn Godwin's account holds that an egregore is \"augmented by human belief, ritual, and especially by sacrifice\" and, if sufficiently nourished, \"can take on a life of its own,\" with \"a limited power on behalf of its devotees and an unlimited appetite for further devotion.\"<sup>[9](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/2.html)</sup> Robert Ambelain located the formation of an egregore in the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola, and held that egregores exist on three levels: material, astral, and celestial.<sup>[4](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/5.html)</sup>\n\n**Creation and maintenance.** According to Mark Stavish, whose 2018 book *Egregores* is described by its publisher as the first book devoted to the subject, egregores are vitalized through rituals, so only human associations can form them; rituals, after a certain period, cannot be modified without weakening the egregore, making secrecy critical. In larger movements the mass of the faithful provides passive vital power, while the active energy comes from the most dedicated practitioners.<sup>[4](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/5.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/Egregores/Mark-Stavish/9781620555774)</sup> Sadhu's *The Tarot* contains an essay, \"Egregoric Principles: A Plan of Religious Current,\" mapping the steps for creating an egregor onto the letters of the tetragrammaton: the Yod is a reason for creation, which \"must be unselfish,\" followed by First Hé, Vau (\"a good body of disciples grouped around the master\"), and a Shin inserted as a \"decoy\" for self-preservation.<sup>[11](https://archive.scarletwoman-oto.org/swl_archive/swl_site_v3/scarletletter/v6n1/v6n1_egregors.html)</sup> A contemporary guide describes formation in stages: a group unites around a shared purpose creating a mental blueprint, emotional energy amplifies it, repeated ritual reinforces it, and the mature egregore then actively draws further attention from those within its sphere.<sup>[6](https://shadowgrimoire.com/harnessing-egregores-how-personal-and-collective-energy-creates-power/)</sup>\n\n**Dissolution and safeguards.** Stavish states that the destruction of an egregore rapidly occurs with \"the death by fire of its living members\" and the destruction of its ritual and paraphernalia.<sup>[4](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/5.html)</sup> Practitioner lists of gentler methods include withdrawing attention and emotional investment, ritual visualization of dissipation, breaking physical objects tied to its creation, and cleansing with sage, salt, or sound.<sup>[6](https://shadowgrimoire.com/harnessing-egregores-how-personal-and-collective-energy-creates-power/)</sup> Sadhu warns that a religion or current can be undermined on three planes: on the mental plane by mixing reasoning and argumentation into its theology, on the astral plane by introducing aesthetic principles into its formal ritual, and on the physical plane by adding emotional principles into its code and commandments.<sup>[11](https://archive.scarletwoman-oto.org/swl_archive/swl_site_v3/scarletletter/v6n1/v6n1_egregors.html)</sup> Tomberg's tradition prescribes a liberation technique involving the sign of the cross in four directions and reciting Psalm 68:1–2.<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup>\n\n**Moral agency.** Practitioners do attribute danger to egregores, and they disagree about valence. Sadhu held that egregores could be good or bad; Tomberg held they were always bad, discussing them in his chapter on the Devil card, and in his usage positive spirits of communities are never egregores.<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/5.html)</sup> A skeptical treatment identifies \"moral outsourcing,\" a leader claiming \"the egregore demands it,\" as the key danger, insisting that no mystical vocabulary should erase consent, accountability, or the right to leave.<sup>[12](https://www.iamnotnotacat.com/post/what-is-an-egregore-a-skeptic-s-guide-to-group-minds)</sup>\n\n## The Illuminates of Thanateros and chaos magick\n\nThe Illuminates of Thanateros (IOT) were declared in *The New Equinox* in 1976–1977 by Peter Carroll and Ray Sherwin, and became a fully operating order after a 1986 seminar in Bonn-Ramersdorf held by Carroll and Ralph Tegtmeier (Frater U∴D∴), an event called \"The Founding of the Pact.\" The re-formed \"Magical Pact of the Illuminates of Thanateros\" was announced in \"The Pact/Liber Pactionis,\" published in August 1987 in the journal *Chaos International*; the first World Pact Meeting in Austria that August initiated 25 new members.<sup>[13](https://www.innersymposium.study/?p=753)</sup> Around 1986 Sherwin resigned, feeling the Order was slipping into the power structure he had intended to avoid.<sup>[13](https://www.innersymposium.study/?p=753)</sup>\n\nThe IOT's \"Mass of Chaos\" group ritual aims at raising \"a particular manifestation of energy for inspiration, divination, or communion with particular domains of consciousness\" and to \"modify physical reality,\" revolving around group invocations of Chaos and Baphomet.<sup>[13](https://www.innersymposium.study/?p=753)</sup> In chaos magic practice, servitors are \"semi-autonomous beings that are summoned from the Deep Mind and charged with the performance of some magickal task,\" and can be dissipated \"by destroying their material base, by visualizing their dissolution, or by any other means the magician finds effective.\"<sup>[14](https://web.archive.org/web/20130117002105/www.chaosmatrix.org/library/chaos/texts/servitors.html)</sup> A chaos magic text argues that magical orders' claims to antiquity function as summoning the egregores of claimed ancestors \"from Moses via Solomon to Dr. Faustus and St. Germain,\" equating these with [Rupert Sheldrake](https://www.edgepedia.org/rupert-sheldrake)'s \"morphic fields,\" and prescribes \"creative historicism,\" rewriting group history in mythic terms, while warning that mixing symbolic truth with claims of \"objective linear truth\" can neutralize magical power.<sup>[15](https://hermetic.com/chaos/egregore)</sup>\n\n**The KAWA POHR case.** An IOT group created a healing egregore spirit in 1993, \"formed from group magic,\" given \"more pure chaos\" than a normal servitor so it could make more elaborate decisions; in 1995 it was named KAWA POHR, with name and sigil obtained by scrying around an octagonal altar, and in 1997 it was released to the wider magical world in workings against HIV. A group called Temple T installed a large version of KAWA POHR under the dance floor at the London club Turnmills.<sup>[16](https://iotbritishisles.com/tag/chaotopia/)</sup>\n\n## How it compares with tulpa, golem, and collective consciousness\n\nThe egregore sits in a family of \"created entity\" concepts. The Tibetan Buddhist tulpa, a being materialized through sustained visualization, entered Western awareness through Alexandra David-Néel's 1929 accounts; since about 2012, online communities such as tulpa.info and r/Tulpas have developed practices of \"forcing,\" and Samuel Veissière's 2016 survey found tulpa practitioners report experiences consistent with dissociative phenomena rather than psychotic disorder. The Jewish golem reached its most famous expression in the 16th-century Prague legends of Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel; Moshe Idel's 1990 study identifies two distinct golem traditions, with the ecstatic-mystical interpretation reading the golem as an inner transformation of the practitioner.<sup>[17](https://theoriesofanything.com/research/golems-tulpas-and-egregores-created-and-thought-form-entities)</sup> A skeptical taxonomy distinguishes the egregore as a collective thought-form tied to a continuing group from the broader \"thought-form,\" the tulpa (noting the Western tulpa has \"traveled far from the Tibetan contexts from which it was borrowed\"), the meme, and the institution.<sup>[12](https://www.iamnotnotacat.com/post/what-is-an-egregore-a-skeptic-s-guide-to-group-minds)</sup>\n\nOn the secular side, [Émile Durkheim](https://www.edgepedia.org/emile-durkheim)'s concepts of collective effervescence and collective consciousness provide a framework in which group ritual and shared attention generate emergent social-psychological entities, without the occult metaphysics.<sup>[17](https://theoriesofanything.com/research/golems-tulpas-and-egregores-created-and-thought-form-entities)</sup> The meme is the term's most recent secular cousin: the academic Simon O'Sullivan notes the term has recently been \"applied\" to memes weaponized by the alt-right.<sup>[2](https://www.simonosullivan.net/articles/avatars-egregores-and-the-writing-of-the-self.pdf)</sup>\n\n## Egregores in contemporary culture\n\nPractitioner and commentary literature applies the concept widely. Sadhu's tetragrammaton scheme has been mapped analogically onto corporations, with the board of directors as the \"vau\" element and corporate advertising as the \"shin\" decoy.<sup>[11](https://archive.scarletwoman-oto.org/swl_archive/swl_site_v3/scarletletter/v6n1/v6n1_egregors.html)</sup> One practitioner defines egregores as \"spiritual entities that feed off the thoughts and energy of a unified multitude,\" citing sports clubs, nations, religions, ideologies, and celebrities' public personas; the same source describes resurrecting a dead egregore by assembling a dedicated group, agreeing on what it represents, collecting artifacts and symbols as energetic imprints, and planning worldly activity beyond ritual.<sup>[18](https://occultist.net/on-resurrecting-egregores/)</sup> Occult practitioners believe every group has an active \"group spirit\" and that strong traditions are \"well-nourished egregores\" acting across generations.<sup>[19](https://richardbeck.substack.com/p/enchantment-emergence-and-egregores-476)</sup>\n\n**Literary and political cases.** In the \"Angels of Mons\" episode, [Arthur Machen](https://www.edgepedia.org/arthur-machen)'s fiction \"The Bowman,\" first published September 29, 1914 in the *London Evening News*, was taken as fact and seen by the occult community as a collective thought-form attached to the St. George egregore, strengthened through repetition and religious rites.<sup>[5](https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/Egregores/Mark-Stavish/9781620555774)</sup> An appendix from a 1929 Italian esoteric magazine edited by [Julius Evola](https://www.edgepedia.org/julius-evola) describes a ritual reviving the egregore of ancient Rome around World War I, after which a message was conveyed to a Milanese newspaper publisher saying \"You will be Consul of Italy\"; the publisher was [Benito Mussolini](https://www.edgepedia.org/benito-mussolini).<sup>[1](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)</sup> O'Sullivan argues that fictions collectively invested in by a group acquire autonomous existence, using his own performance-fiction group Plastique Fantastique as a case, and suggests the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit (Ccru) at the University of Warwick can itself be understood as an egregore, its concept of hyperstition naming \"fictions that make themselves real.\"<sup>[2](https://www.simonosullivan.net/articles/avatars-egregores-and-the-writing-of-the-self.pdf)</sup>\n\n**Post-2020 internet usage.** The term's recent spread is traced to discussions between Paul VanderKlay and [Jonathan Pageau](https://www.edgepedia.org/jonathan-pageau) roughly three years before one 2023-era account, and to Steve Skojec and Kale Zelden; it is used to describe the emergent \"spirit\" of a group.<sup>[7](https://mikesartori.substack.com/p/engaging-with-the-egregores)</sup> Steve Skojec applies the concept to artificial intelligence, arguing AI functions as an egregore in contemporary discourse.<sup>[8](https://skojecfile.steveskojec.com/p/ai-is-an-egregore)</sup> The neuroscientist Erik Hoel describes the egregore as \"the occult term for a psychic entity much like a group mind,\" connecting it to joint ritual and concentration.<sup>[10](https://www.theintrinsicperspective.com/p/the-planetary-egregore-passes-you)</sup>\n\n## References\n\n1. [Egregores: The Occult Entities That Watch over Human Destiny (review by Richard Smoley), Quest Magazine, Theosophical Society in America](https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/egregores-the-occult-entities-that-watch-over-human-destiny)\n2. [Simon O'Sullivan, \"Avatars, egregores and the writing of the self\"](https://www.simonosullivan.net/articles/avatars-egregores-and-the-writing-of-the-self.pdf)\n3. [Rebel Angels (investigative essay on the etymology and history of \"egregor\"), Arcane Archive](https://www.arcane-archive.org/occultism/magic/ceremonial/rebel-angels-1.php)\n4. [Mark Stavish, Egregores, chapter text: The Modern Era and the French Occult Revival](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/5.html)\n5. [Egregores, official publisher page, Simon & Schuster UK](https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/Egregores/Mark-Stavish/9781620555774)\n6. [Harnessing Egregores: How Personal and Collective Energy Creates Power, Shadow Grimoire](https://shadowgrimoire.com/harnessing-egregores-how-personal-and-collective-energy-creates-power/)\n7. [Michael Sartori, \"Engaging with the Egregores\"](https://mikesartori.substack.com/p/engaging-with-the-egregores)\n8. [Steve Skojec, \"AI is an Egregore\", The Skojec File](https://skojecfile.steveskojec.com/p/ai-is-an-egregore)\n9. [Mark Stavish, Egregores, chapter text: Introduction. Angels, Women, and War in the Heavens](https://publicism.info/magic/books/egregores/2.html)\n10. [Erik Hoel, \"The egregore passes you by\", The Intrinsic Perspective](https://www.theintrinsicperspective.com/p/the-planetary-egregore-passes-you)\n11. [Chasing Egregors, The Scarlet Letter v6n1, OTO journal](https://archive.scarletwoman-oto.org/swl_archive/swl_site_v3/scarletletter/v6n1/v6n1_egregors.html)\n12. [What Is an Egregore? A Skeptic's Guide to Group Minds](https://www.iamnotnotacat.com/post/what-is-an-egregore-a-skeptic-s-guide-to-group-minds)\n13. [The Illuminates of Thanateros – History of Chaos Magick, The Inner Symposium](https://www.innersymposium.study/?p=753)\n14. [Sigils, Servitors, and Godforms, Part II, ChaosMatrix archive](https://web.archive.org/web/20130117002105/www.chaosmatrix.org/library/chaos/texts/servitors.html)\n15. [Egregore, Chaos Magick, Hermetic Library](https://hermetic.com/chaos/egregore)\n16. [Chaotopia, Illuminates of Thanateros British Isles Section](https://iotbritishisles.com/tag/chaotopia/)\n17. [Golems, Tulpas, and Egregores — Created and Thought-Form Entities, Theories of Anything](https://theoriesofanything.com/research/golems-tulpas-and-egregores-created-and-thought-form-entities)\n18. [On Resurrecting Egregores, Occultist](https://occultist.net/on-resurrecting-egregores/)\n19. [Richard Beck, \"Enchantment, Emergence, and Egregores\"](https://richardbeck.substack.com/p/enchantment-emergence-and-egregores-476)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › Philosophy, religion, and mythology › Religion and spirituality › Theology and religious thought*\n\n*Initially written Sep 17, 2026 · Reviewed: Oct 10, 2026 · Edited: Oct 10, 2026; Oct 11, 2026 · Last review: Oct 10, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n",
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 "speakable": "An egregore, from the Greek for \"to watch,\" is an occult thought-form entity a group creates through shared belief and ritual, which then gains autonomy."
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