{ "id": "epyg8etthe", "slug": "khingila", "title": "Khingila", "updated": "2026-10-25", "topic_path": [ { "id": "society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society" }, { "id": "society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history" }, { "id": "society.history.asia", "label": "Asian history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.india", "label": "India and South Asia", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.india" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.india.gupta", "label": "Gupta Empire (320 to 550)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.india.gupta" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.india.gupta.rulers-dynasties-and-wars", "label": "Rulers, dynasties, and wars", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.india.gupta.rulers-dynasties-and-wars" } ], "geo": [ { "id": "geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india.gupta.rulers-dynasties-and-wars", "label": "India · 500 BC to AD 999: Rulers, dynasties, and wars", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india.gupta.rulers-dynasties-and-wars", "path": [ { "id": "geo.ind", "label": "India", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind" }, { "id": "geo.ind.t500", "label": "India · 500 BC to AD 999", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500" }, { "id": "geo.ind.t500.society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500.society" }, { "id": "geo.ind.t500.society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500.society.history" }, { "id": "geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia", "label": "Asian history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia" }, { "id": "geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india", "label": "India and South Asia", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india" }, { "id": "geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india.gupta", "label": "Gupta Empire (320 to 550)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india.gupta" }, { "id": "geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india.gupta.rulers-dynasties-and-wars", "label": "Rulers, dynasties, and wars", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t500.society.history.asia.india.gupta.rulers-dynasties-and-wars" } ] } ], "excerpt": "Khingila (खिंगिल) was a king of the Alkhan (Alchon) Huns who reigned from about 430/40 to 490 CE and heads the 492/93 Schøyen copper scroll's list of rulers.", "snippet": "Khingila (खिंगिल) was a king of the Alkhan (Alchon) Huns who reigned from about 430/40 to 490 CE and heads the 492/93 Schøyen copper scroll's list of rulers.", "node": "society.history.asia.india.gupta.rulers-dynasties-and-wars", "markdown": "# Khingila\n\nKhingila (खिंगिल) was a king of the Alkhan (Alchon) Huns.[1](https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html) • [2](https://varaharajput.com/2026/04/27/khingila/) He heads the list of rulers on the Schøyen copper scroll of 492/93 CE, which suggests he was the eldest or seniormost among the kings named there.[1](https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html) • [2](https://varaharajput.com/2026/04/27/khingila/)\n\n| Fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Dynasty | Alkhan (Alchon) Huns[1](https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html) • [2](https://varaharajput.com/2026/04/27/khingila/) |\n| Reign dates | ca. 430/40–490 (one reconstruction) or ca. 440–492/96 (Singh)[2](https://varaharajput.com/2026/04/27/khingila/) • [4](https://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/khingila-vs-buddhist-caves-a-synchronised-chronology-of-the-early-alchon-huns-early-guptas-vakatakas-traikutak/rajesh-kumar-singh/book_9788192510781.htm) |\n| Territories | Alkhan power probably later reached Malwa[5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reorienting-the-sasanians/alkhans-in-the-southern-hindu-kush/435D658AEEF95BD13AA60E61AC2300F7) |\n\n## Accession and family\n\nKhingila's position is established by the Schøyen copper scroll. The scroll records familial relationships among these rulers, and its silence on any father-son link between Khingila and Toramana shows that the old view of the numismatist Robert Gobl, that Khingila was Toramana's father, is almost certainly not true.[1](https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html)\n\nThe Alkhans are traditionally considered by most historians to have been part of the [Hephthalites](https://www.edgepedia.org/hephthalites).[5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reorienting-the-sasanians/alkhans-in-the-southern-hindu-kush/435D658AEEF95BD13AA60E61AC2300F7) \n\n## Reign: policies, administration, and wars\n\nChronology is the main uncertainty of the reign. One reconstruction dates Khingila's reign to ca. 430/40–490 CE.[2](https://varaharajput.com/2026/04/27/khingila/) The chronology proposed by the scholar Rajesh Kumar Singh instead places Mahashahi Khingila's reign at ca. 440 to 492–496 CE.[4](https://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/khingila-vs-buddhist-caves-a-synchronised-chronology-of-the-early-alchon-huns-early-guptas-vakatakas-traikutak/rajesh-kumar-singh/book_9788192510781.htm) • [6](https://www.academia.edu/43004346/Khingila_vs_Buddhist_Caves_A_synchronised_chronology_of_the_Early_Alchon_Huns_Early_Guptas_Vakatakas_Traikutakas_and_Buddhist_caves_ca_451_480_CE_Ajanta_Mahapitaka_series_vol_I_2) The earliest Khingila coins are close to the early anonymous Alchon types, and combined with his first position on the copper scroll his coins are listed first in the series; this suggests his rule may have begun before that of the other named kings, and perhaps that he made conquests in Gandhara.[1](https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html)\n\nThe setting for Alkhan expansion was the collapse of Kidarite power: according to Encyclopaedia Iranica, in 467 the [Kidarites](https://www.edgepedia.org/kidarites) were expelled from their capital, probably Balkh, after war with their ruler Kunkhas.[7](https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kidarites/) The Alkhan rulers initially occupied the Kabul Valley and then Gandhara, and their further conquests took them eastward to Kashmir and central India, probably as far as Malwa, where they were stopped by local Indian dynasts.[5](https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reorienting-the-sasanians/alkhans-in-the-southern-hindu-kush/435D658AEEF95BD13AA60E61AC2300F7) From the mid-fifth century onward the [Alchon Huns](https://www.edgepedia.org/alchon-huns) invaded the Gupta kingdom and contributed to the withdrawal of Gupta authority from Gujarat and western Malwa.[8](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00567)\n\nSingh's reconstruction dates a Hephthalite attack on the Early Alchons in Greater Gandhara to ca. 465 CE, after which the ousted Alchons led by Khingila advanced into India as far as the [Narmada-Tapti](https://www.edgepedia.org/narmada-tapti) valleys and were finally ousted by Buddhagupta in ca. 478 CE; this is a disputed reconstruction, and its proposed battle dates and royal deaths conflict with the generally accepted chronology, under which [Kumaragupta I](https://www.edgepedia.org/kumaragupta-i) died ca. 455 CE.[6](https://www.academia.edu/43004346/Khingila_vs_Buddhist_Caves_A_synchronised_chronology_of_the_Early_Alchon_Huns_Early_Guptas_Vakatakas_Traikutakas_and_Buddhist_caves_ca_451_480_CE_Ajanta_Mahapitaka_series_vol_I_2)\n\nHis silver drachms, struck at Bactrian and Gandharan mints on Sasanian models, bear the Bactrian-script legend \"Khingila, of the Alkhan\".[2](https://varaharajput.com/2026/04/27/khingila/)\n\n## Political influence\n\nKhingila's lasting effect was dynastic. He stands at the head of the Alkhan line whose later kings, Toramana (r. ca. 500–520 CE) and [Mihirakula](https://www.edgepedia.org/mihirakula), established a transregional monarchical kingdom based in the Punjab, issued coins on the Gupta pattern, and assumed Gupta-type titles.[8](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00567)\n\n## End of the reign and succession\n\nA separate reconstruction holds that Huns under Toramana came from the Kabul valley and invaded northwestern India sometime after 477, moving into Gandhara and Taxila but no further.[9](https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/8366/01_Text.pdf) The copper scroll of 492/93, which names both Khingila and Toramana without recording a father-son relationship, is the main check on claims of direct dynastic succession between them.[1](https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html)\n\n## Historians' assessment\n\nKhingila is traditionally regarded as the Alchon king who began serious inroads into India, but there is no definitive evidence for this.[1](https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html) A recent review of the Hunas in India calls for a fresh appraisal of the Huna polity in light of the Schøyen copper scroll and further numismatic work, noting that the details of the Hunas' conflict with the Guptas still need to be properly worked out.[10](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23484489211041133)\n## References\n\n1. The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Khingila. https://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html\n2. Khingila – First Alkhan king of kings. https://varaharajput.com/2026/04/27/khingila/\n3. History of the White Huns / Hephthalites in Gandhara (Waleed Ziad). https://www.oocities.org/ziadnumis/alxonintro.htm\n4. Khingila vs. Buddhist Caves (Rajesh Kumar Singh), publisher description. https://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/khingila-vs-buddhist-caves-a-synchronised-chronology-of-the-early-alchon-huns-early-guptas-vakatakas-traikutak/rajesh-kumar-singh/book_9788192510781.htm\n5. The Alkhans in the Southern Hindu Kush, *ReOrienting the Sasanians* (Cambridge University Press). https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/reorienting-the-sasanians/alkhans-in-the-southern-hindu-kush/435D658AEEF95BD13AA60E61AC2300F7\n6. Khingila vs. Buddhist Caves (Rajesh Kumar Singh), author-posted monograph. https://www.academia.edu/43004346/Khingila_vs_Buddhist_Caves_A_synchronised_chronology_of_the_Early_Alchon_Huns_Early_Guptas_Vakatakas_Traikutakas_and_Buddhist_caves_ca_451_480_CE_Ajanta_Mahapitaka_series_vol_I_2\n7. KIDARITES, Encyclopaedia Iranica. https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kidarites/\n8. Alchon Huns, encyclopedia chapter. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00567\n9. The Hephthalites (Freie Universität Berlin dissertation). https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/8366/01_Text.pdf\n10. The Huns ('Hūṇas') in India: A Review, SAGE journal. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23484489211041133\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › History and archaeology › Asian history › India and South Asia › Gupta Empire (320 to 550) › Rulers, dynasties, and wars*\n\n*Initially written Sep 23, 2026 · Reviewed: Sep 30, 2026 · Edited: Sep 30, 2026; Oct 25, 2026 · Last review: Sep 30, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/khingila", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/khingila.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Khingila\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/khingila. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Khingila](https://www.edgepedia.org/khingila)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/khingila](https://www.edgepedia.org/khingila). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Khingila\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/khingila. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "Khingila was a king of the Alkhan Huns who reigned from about 430/40 to 490 CE and heads the 492/93 Schøyen copper scroll's list of rulers." }