{ "id": "epser31nyw", "slug": "loiyumba", "title": "Loiyumba", "updated": "2026-10-15", "topic_path": [ { "id": "society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society" }, { "id": "society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history" }, { "id": "society.history.asia", "label": "Asian history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.india", "label": "India and South Asia", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.india" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.india.northeast-himalaya", "label": "Northeast India and the Himalayas (600 to 1826)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.asia.india.northeast-himalaya" }, { "id": "society.history.asia.india.northeast-himalaya.kingdoms-dynasties-and-rulers", "label": "Kingdoms, dynasties, and rulers", 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"geo.ind.t1000.society.history.asia.india.northeast-himalaya.kingdoms-dynasties-and-rulers", "label": "Kingdoms, dynasties, and rulers", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.ind.t1000.society.history.asia.india.northeast-himalaya.kingdoms-dynasties-and-rulers" } ] } ], "excerpt": "Loiyumba (ꯂꯣꯏꯌꯨꯝꯕ), also written Loiyamba, was a king of Manipur who reigned from 1074 to 1122, remembered for the lallup labor system and the 1110 Loiyumba Shilyen edict.", "snippet": "Loiyumba (ꯂꯣꯏꯌꯨꯝꯕ), also written Loiyamba, was a king of Manipur who reigned from 1074 to 1122, remembered for the lallup labor system and the 1110 Loiyumba Shilyen edict.", "node": "society.history.asia.india.northeast-himalaya.kingdoms-dynasties-and-rulers.brahmaputra-valley-and-northeast-kingdom", "markdown": "# Loiyumba\n\n**Loiyumba** (ꯂꯣꯏꯌꯨꯝꯕ), also written Loiyamba or Loiumba, was a king of Manipur who reigned from 1074 to 1122.[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) • [2](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.List_of_Kings_of_Manipur_By_Khuman) His reign is taken as the beginning of the medieval period in Manipur, and he is remembered for the [lallup labor system](https://www.edgepedia.org/lallup-labor-system) and the 1110 edict known as the Loiyumba Shilyen, which organized the kingdom's administration and economy.[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1)\n\n| Fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Polity | Kingdom of Manipur |\n| Reign | 1074–1122[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) • [2](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.List_of_Kings_of_Manipur_By_Khuman) |\n| Principal edict | Loiyumba Shilyen, issued 1110[3](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1701A86.pdf) • [4](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2301393.pdf) |\n| Historical standing | Reign treated as the start of medieval Manipur[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) |\n\n## Accession and family\n\nOne tradition recorded in a history of Manipur tells of a Guru's solution by which two claimants would rule Manipur in rotation, twelve years at a time, but it does not connect this arrangement to Loiyumba by name.[5](https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.98685/2015.98685.History-Of-Manipur_djvu.txt)\n\n## Reign: administration, edicts, and war\n\n**The lallup system.** During Loiyumba's reign, the kingdom introduced lallup (lal meaning war, lup meaning department or association), a system of labor owed to the state.[3](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1701A86.pdf) • [4](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2301393.pdf) T.C. Hodson, the anthropologist and historian of Manipur, described lallup service as a military organization that in peacetime played a part in the economic life of the kingdom.[4](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2301393.pdf) The system saved the state expenditure, enabled the reclamation of new cultivable land, since each able-bodied male was obliged to cultivate one pari of land, and increased agricultural and handicraft production.[4](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2301393.pdf)\n\nHow lallup should be classified is disputed. One account argues it was not forced labor but a system of taxation paid in the form of services to the state.[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) Another describes it as a means for the ruling class to draw on the artisan skills of the peasantry through labor owed to the state.[4](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2301393.pdf) According to *History of Medieval Manipur*, the system survived until the British abolished it in April 1892.[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) \n\n**The Loiyumba Shilyen of 1110.** In 1110 Loiyumba issued a royal edict, the Loiyumba Shimyen or Shilyen, which distributed socio-religious and economic functions to families and specified administrative functions and duties.[3](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1701A86.pdf) • [4](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2301393.pdf) The edict is described as aimed at promoting cottage industries.[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) Under the decree, families were assigned to weave different designs of clothes and families were allocated to look after abodes of duties.[3](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1701A86.pdf) \n\n## Political influence\n\nThe administrative reforms introduced by Loiyumba served as the steel frame of the kingdom's administration for about seven centuries, and a feudal administrative system with intermediate nobles emerged during his kingship.[3](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1701A86.pdf) The lallup obligation itself lasted until 1892, nearly eight centuries after its introduction.[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) The Cheitharol Kumbaba, the chronicle that preserves the record of his reign, covers the period from 33 AD to the twentieth-century reign of King Bodhachandra and serves as a dynastic record with entries offering crucial references to events.[6](https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2026/IJRSS_JANUARY2026/IJRSS3Jan26.pdf) Later kings of the same line, including Puranthaba (1247–1263), Khumomba (1263–1278), Moiramba (1278–1302), Thangbi Lalhaba (1302–1324), and Kongyamba (1324–1335), followed in sequence.[7](https://books.e-pao.net/Heritage_Manipur/epShowChapter.asp?src=kangla%2Fkings)\n\n## Historians' assessment\n\nHistorians treat the reign as a watershed: the beginning of medieval times in Manipur and an important turning point in the cultural life of the Manipuri people.[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) The chronicle itself marks the reign with a striking entry: \"Formerly, gods and men joined in the service of the State. In this reign, the gods vanished and only men remained.\"[1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1) The durability of the institutions is the clearest measure of the reign: the lallup service and the edict-based division of duties remained in force for centuries.[3](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1701A86.pdf) • [1](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1)\n## References\n\n1. [History Of Medieval Manipur 1, E-Pao](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.History_Of_Medieval_Manipur_1)\n2. [List of Kings of Manipur By Khuman, E-Pao](https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.List_of_Kings_of_Manipur_By_Khuman)\n3. [Traditional Polity in Manipur, JETIR](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1701A86.pdf)\n4. [Lallup: A Socio-Economic and Historical Study, JETIR](https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2301393.pdf)\n5. [History Of Manipur, Digital Library of India](https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.98685/2015.98685.History-Of-Manipur_djvu.txt)\n6. [The Cheitharol Kumbaba: The Royal Chronicle of Manipur as a Source for Pre-Colonial Meitei Migrations and Diaspora, IJMRA](https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2026/IJRSS_JANUARY2026/IJRSS3Jan26.pdf)\n7. [Kangla: Kings of Manipur, E-Pao Books](https://books.e-pao.net/Heritage_Manipur/epShowChapter.asp?src=kangla%2Fkings)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › History and archaeology › Asian history › India and South Asia › Northeast India and the Himalayas (600 to 1826) › Kingdoms, dynasties, and rulers › Brahmaputra Valley and Northeast kingdoms*\n\n*Initially written Sep 23, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/loiyumba", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/loiyumba.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Loiyumba\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/loiyumba. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Loiyumba](https://www.edgepedia.org/loiyumba)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/loiyumba](https://www.edgepedia.org/loiyumba). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Loiyumba\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/loiyumba. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "Loiyumba, also written Loiyamba, was a king of Manipur who reigned from 1074 to 1122, remembered for the lallup labor system and the 1110 Loiyumba Shilyen edict." }