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 "excerpt": "Mir Wais Hotak (میرویس هوتک) was a Ghilzai Pashtun tribal chief at Kandahar who rebelled against Safavid Persian rule in 1709 and founded the Hotak dynasty.",
 "snippet": "Mir Wais Hotak (میرویس هوتک) was a Ghilzai Pashtun tribal chief at Kandahar who rebelled against Safavid Persian rule in 1709 and founded the Hotak dynasty.",
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 "markdown": "# Mir Wais Hotak\n\n**Mir Wais Hotak** (میرویس هوتک), also written Mir Wais Khan Hotaki or Mir Vais Ghilzai, was a Ghilzai Pashtun tribal chief of the Hotak clan at Kandahar who rebelled against Safavid Persian rule in 1709 (AH 1121), made the Kandahar area independent, and founded the Hotak dynasty.<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[2](https://www.historyatlas.com/people/mir-wais-hotak/)</sup> He led the new state from 1709 until his death in 1715 (AH 1127).<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[3](https://aipublisher.org/resources/article_documents/article_doc10.36099-ajahss%208.3.4.pdf)</sup>\n\n| Fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Identity | Ghilzai Pashtun tribal chief of the Hotak clan, based at Kandahar<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[2](https://www.historyatlas.com/people/mir-wais-hotak/)</sup> |\n| Birth | Usually placed in 1673 (AH 1086)<sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://kandahar.net/history/mirwais-hotak/)</sup> |\n| Revolt | Declared independence for Kandahar from Safavid Iran in 1709 (AH 1121)<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://kandahar.net/history/mirwais-hotak/)</sup> |\n| Honorific | Known as Mirwais Neka (\"Neka\", the good) for his deeds<sup>[3](https://aipublisher.org/resources/article_documents/article_doc10.36099-ajahss%208.3.4.pdf)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup> |\n| Death | 1715 (AH 1127)<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://kandahar.net/history/mirwais-hotak/)</sup> |\n| Dynasty | Founder of the Hotak (Hotaki) dynasty<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup> |\n| Achievement | His rising ended two hundred years of Safavid Persian domination over the lands of present-day Afghanistan<sup>[6](https://afghanhistoricalsociety.com/article_descriptions_new.php?id=23&type=article)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[7](http://www.arianafghanistan.com/UploadCenter/046_Khaledi_N_Naqshe_Mirweiskhan.pdf)</sup> |\n\n## Origins and family\n\nMir Wais belonged to the Hotak clan of the Ghilzai (Ghilji) Afghans of Kandahar, in southern Afghanistan, then under Safavid Persian control.<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup> His birth year is not firmly fixed: reference entries usually place it in 1673.<sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://kandahar.net/history/mirwais-hotak/)</sup>\n\nHe carried the honorific Hajji, indicating the pilgrimage to Mecca.<sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[2](https://www.historyatlas.com/people/mir-wais-hotak/)</sup> One historical essay describes a journey in which he went to Iran to study affairs at the Safavid court, performed the pilgrimage at Mecca, and on the way evaluated the strength of the Ottoman Empire in Iraq and Arabia.<sup>[9](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)</sup>\n\n## Career\n\nAfter leading a rebellion, Mir Wais declared independence for the Kandahar area in AH 1121 (1709), ending Safavid rule there.<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://kandahar.net/history/mirwais-hotak/)</sup> Afghan historical writing presents this rising as the act that overthrew two hundred years of Safavid Persian domination over the territories of present-day Afghanistan.<sup>[6](https://afghanhistoricalsociety.com/article_descriptions_new.php?id=23&type=article)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[7](http://www.arianafghanistan.com/UploadCenter/046_Khaledi_N_Naqshe_Mirweiskhan.pdf)</sup> According to the Afghan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, after liberating the city he addressed the people, presenting his actions as undertaken for their deliverance, and earned the enduring title \"Neka\" in recognition of his deeds. \n\nHe defeated Safavid forces in several battles.<sup>[9](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)</sup> The same essay credits him with a deliberate diplomatic posture: he maintained good ties with both the Delhi and Isfahan courts so that his people would not suffer from rivalry between the two powers.<sup>[9](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)</sup>\n\n## Political influence\n\nMir Wais's rising created an independent Afghan government at Kandahar and a dynasty that outlasted him. After his death the Hotak sultanate extended its influence all the way to Isfahan, and later, in the era of Ahmad Shah Abdali, Afghan authority spread to Delhi.<sup>[9](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)</sup> On the succession at his own death, a biographical account states that Mir Mahmud took over after Mir Wais died.<sup>[8](https://www.afghan-web.com/biographies/biography-of-mir-wais-hotaki/)</sup> \n\n## Military style\n\nMir Wais commanded in the field against Safavid forces and defeated them in several battles.<sup>[9](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)</sup> His characteristic preparation, as one historical essay describes it, was intelligence rather than open battle: he studied the Safavid court at Isfahan, judged it so weakened by infighting among its inner circles that it could not mount a large-scale campaign from Isfahan to Kandahar nor obtain foreign aid, and built his rising on that assessment.<sup>[9](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)</sup>\n\n## Death and assessment\n\nMir Wais died in 1715 (AH 1127); the Encyclopaedia of Islam dates his death to that year and places his burial at Kandahar.<sup>[1](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)</sup> A biographical account records death from natural causes,<sup>[8](https://www.afghan-web.com/biographies/biography-of-mir-wais-hotaki/)</sup> and gives his age at death as 42, while a journal article gives 43.<sup>[8](https://www.afghan-web.com/biographies/biography-of-mir-wais-hotaki/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[3](https://aipublisher.org/resources/article_documents/article_doc10.36099-ajahss%208.3.4.pdf)</sup>\n\nThey also caution that much of the detail of his life comes from Persian chronicles and later Afghan historical tradition, which do not always agree, and that some vivid episodes, such as the account of his pilgrimage and a religious ruling he is said to have secured against the governor, may owe as much to later storytelling as to contemporary record.<sup>[5](https://kandahar.net/history/mirwais-hotak/)</sup> Afghan scholarship assesses him as a brave war leader and an effective one, whose national movement in Kandahar after what it calls a century of bondage produced an independent government.<sup>[9](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)</sup> His son Mir Mahmud, who carried the dynasty to Isfahan in 1722, is assessed far less favorably, his rule described as bloody and vicious, ending in his early death in 1725.<sup>[8](https://www.afghan-web.com/biographies/biography-of-mir-wais-hotaki/)</sup>\n\n## Legacy\n\nMir Wais is remembered in Afghan historiography as the founder of the Hotak kingdom and, through the revolt of 1709, as the figure who ended two centuries of Safavid control over present-day Afghanistan.<sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[6](https://afghanhistoricalsociety.com/article_descriptions_new.php?id=23&type=article)</sup> The honorific Neka (\"the good\"), attached to his name in Persian and Pashtun usage, marks the standing he holds in that tradition.<sup>[3](https://aipublisher.org/resources/article_documents/article_doc10.36099-ajahss%208.3.4.pdf)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)</sup>\n\n## References\n\n1. [Library of Congress authority record, Mir Wais, 1687?–1715? (citing Encyclopaedia of Islam, Encyclopaedia Iranica, and Miriways, 1999)](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2004064502.html)\n2. [History Atlas, Mir Wais Hotak](https://www.historyatlas.com/people/mir-wais-hotak/)\n3. [Afghan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 8.3, article on Mirwais Hotak](https://aipublisher.org/resources/article_documents/article_doc10.36099-ajahss%208.3.4.pdf)\n4. [Abadis dictionary entry, Mirwais Khan Hotak](https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9/)\n5. [Kandahar.net, Mirwais Hotak: The 1709 Revolt That Freed Kandahar](https://kandahar.net/history/mirwais-hotak/)\n6. [Afghan Historical Society, The role of Mirwais Khan Hotaki in creating Afghanistan](https://afghanhistoricalsociety.com/article_descriptions_new.php?id=23&type=article)\n7. [Ariana Afghanistan, Naqshe Mirwais Khan Hotaki dar ijad-e Afghanistan (PDF)](http://www.arianafghanistan.com/UploadCenter/046_Khaledi_N_Naqshe_Mirweiskhan.pdf)\n8. [Afghanistan Web, Biography of Mir Wais Hotaki](https://www.afghan-web.com/biographies/biography-of-mir-wais-hotaki/)\n9. [Ustad Habibi, Mirwais Khan's Effective Leadership](http://alamahabibi.net/English_Articles/Mirwais%20Khans-Effective.htm)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › History and archaeology › Other history › Middle East and North Africa › Safavid Iran (1501 to 1736) › Wars, revolts, and dynastic events*\n\n*Initially written Sep 23, 2026 · Reviewed: Sep 30, 2026 · Edited: Sep 30, 2026; Oct 15, 2026 · Last review: Sep 30, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n",
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 "credit": "\"Mir Wais Hotak\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/mir-wais-hotak. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.",
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 "speakable": "Mir Wais Hotak was a Ghilzai Pashtun tribal chief at Kandahar who rebelled against Safavid Persian rule in 1709 and founded the Hotak dynasty."
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