{ "id": "epjb35fm18", "slug": "murray-l-whitelaw", "title": "Murray L Whitelaw", "updated": "2026-10-21", "topic_path": [ { "id": "life", "label": "Life and health", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/life" }, { "id": "life.scientists", "label": "Life and health scientists", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/life.scientists" }, { "id": "life.scientists.life-sciences", "label": "Life scientists", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/life.scientists.life-sciences" }, { "id": "life.scientists.life-sciences.bio-struct", "label": "Researchers in structural biology, biochemistry, and biophysics", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/life.scientists.life-sciences.bio-struct" }, { "id": "life.scientists.life-sciences.bio-struct.signal-transduction-and-receptors", "label": "Signal transduction and receptors", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/life.scientists.life-sciences.bio-struct.signal-transduction-and-receptors" } ], "geo": [ { "id": "geo.other.t2001.life.scientists.life-sciences", "label": "Other (Canada, Oceania, polar regions, oceans) · 2001 to 2020: Life scientists", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.other.t2001.life.scientists.life-sciences", "path": [ { "id": "geo.other", "label": "Other (Canada, Oceania, polar regions, oceans)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.other" }, { "id": "geo.other.t2001", "label": "Other (Canada, Oceania, polar regions, oceans) · 2001 to 2020", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.other.t2001" }, { "id": "geo.other.t2001.life", "label": "Life and health", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.other.t2001.life" }, { "id": "geo.other.t2001.life.scientists", "label": "Life and health scientists", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.other.t2001.life.scientists" }, { "id": "geo.other.t2001.life.scientists.life-sciences", "label": "Life scientists", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.other.t2001.life.scientists.life-sciences" } ] } ], "excerpt": "Murray L Whitelaw is an Australian professor of biochemistry at the University of Adelaide, best known for 2002 papers identifying the hypoxic switch that regulates hypoxia-inducible factor.", "snippet": "Murray L Whitelaw is an Australian professor of biochemistry at the University of Adelaide, best known for 2002 papers identifying the hypoxic switch that regulates hypoxia-inducible factor.", "node": "life.scientists.life-sciences.bio-struct.signal-transduction-and-receptors", "markdown": "# Murray L Whitelaw\n\n**Murray L Whitelaw** (also recorded as Murray Leslie Whitelaw) is an Australian professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the [University of Adelaide](https://www.edgepedia.org/university-of-adelaide) whose laboratory studies the basic-Helix-Loop-Helix/PER-ARNT-SIM (bHLH/PAS) family of transcription factors, proteins that act as intracellular stress sensors for hypoxia, toxin infiltration, infection, and neuron hyperexcitation[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw). The university directory lists his expertise as biochemistry and molecular biology, cell signaling, gene regulation and transcription, and cell responses to environmental stress[2](https://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/murray.whitelaw). He is best known for co-authoring the 2002 papers that identified asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain as a hypoxic switch regulating the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor, work that together carries well over 2,000 indexed citations[3](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw).\n\n| Key fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Field | bHLH/PAS transcription factors as intracellular stress sensors for hypoxia, toxins, infection, and neuron hyperexcitation[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw) |\n| Position | Professor, University of Adelaide, academic from 1996 (levels B through E)[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw) |\n| Signature work | 2002 *Science* paper on asparagine hydroxylation of the HIF transactivation domain (1,266 indexed citations) and 2002 FIH-1 paper (1,249)[3](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw) |\n| Recent output | Co-author of a 2025 *Nature Communications* dFLASH sensor paper and a 2026 *Nucleic Acids Research* obesity paper[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw) |\n\n## Career and affiliations\n\nWhitelaw's career path runs through industry, American graduate training, Swedish postdoctoral work, and an Australian academic post. He worked as a synthetic organic chemist at ICI Australia from 1981 to 1984, earned a BSc(Hons) at the [University of Melbourne](https://www.edgepedia.org/university-of-melbourne) (1977–1980), completed a PhD at [Purdue University](https://www.edgepedia.org/purdue-university) in the United States (1984–1989) with a postdoctoral fellowship there in 1990, and was a guest researcher (postdoctoral fellow) at the Karolinska Institute from 1991 to 1995[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw). From 1996 onward he has been a teaching and research academic at the University of Adelaide, progressing through levels B to E[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw). A national research data registry entry also associates him with the [National Health and Medical Research Council](https://www.edgepedia.org/national-health-and-medical-research-council)[6](https://researchdata.edu.au/prof-murray-whitelaw/531436).\n\nHis supervision record tracks his laboratory's themes: PhD projects on SIM1 and ARNT2 (2015–2021), the Single-Minded 2 gene (2014–2023), HIF-1 and HIF-2 in multiple myeloma (2011–2018), dual fluorescent reporting systems for HIF-1 alpha (2019–2024), and bHLH/PAS and homeodomain protein interactions in neuronal development (from 2017)[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw).\n\n## Research contributions and methods\n\n**The hypoxic switch.** Whitelaw's two most-cited papers, both from 2002, concern how hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is regulated by oxygen. The *Science* paper, \"Asparagine Hydroxylation of the HIF Transactivation Domain: A Hypoxic Switch\" (with David Lando, Daniel J. Peet, Dean A. Whelan, and Jeffrey J. Gorman), has 1,266 indexed citations, and the *Genes & Development* paper \"FIH-1 is an asparaginyl hydroxylase enzyme that regulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor\" has 1,249[3](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw). He holds patents on asparagine hydroxylation of the CAD domain of a HIF protein, including US patent 7435555 (2008) and Australian 2002331444 (2009)[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw).\n\n**Reviews and methods.** His 2003 review \"The mammalian basic helix–loop–helix/PAS family of transcriptional regulators\" (with Robyn J. Kewley and Anne Chapman-Smith) has 481 citations, and his 2013 *Nature Reviews Cancer* paper \"bHLH–PAS proteins in cancer\" has 207[3](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw). He co-developed the Reverse Bacterial Two Hybrid (RevB2H) method for studying dimeric protein-protein interactions, presented at ComBio 2012 and earlier meetings[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw).\n\n**Recent variant work.** A later strand of his research characterizes disease-associated variants in bHLH/PAS transcription factors: \"Characterization of functionally deficient SIM2 variants found in patients with neurological phenotypes\" (Biochemical Journal 479(13), 1441–1454, 2022)[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw), plus papers on rare loss-of-function NPAS3 and NPAS4 variants in neurodevelopmental disorders, structural models for loss-of-function variants in the SIM1 transactivation domain (2020), and functional analysis of the SIM1 variant p.G715V in two patients with obesity (2020)[4](https://sah.borca.ai/authors/1773930). A library catalog also records \"The bHLH/Per-Arnt-Sim transcription factor SIM2 regulates muscle transcript myomesin2 via a novel, non-canonical E-box sequence\" with Whitelaw as the last-listed author[7](https://ebusca.uv.mx/Author/Home?author=Whitelaw%2C+Murray+L).\n\n## By the numbers\n\nBibliometric databases disagree substantially about Whitelaw's totals:\n\n- **Research.com** (2026 entry): 86 publications, 13,526 citations, D-index 47 in Biology and [Biochemistry](https://www.edgepedia.org/biochemistry), though the same page's prose says 94 publications and its table shows two world rankings (17,023rd and 18,558th)[5](https://research.com/u/murray-l-whitelaw).\n\nEven the citation count for his flagship paper differs: OpenAlex gives 1,266 indexed citations for the 2002 *Science* hypoxic-switch paper, while SCIENCE@home gives 1,590[3](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw) • [4](https://sah.borca.ai/authors/1773930). His publication record spans 1988 to 2025, averaging 2.5 papers a year and peaking at 9 publications in 2002, the year of the HIF papers[5](https://research.com/u/murray-l-whitelaw). By field, his work is most cited in Molecular Biology (4.2k citations), Cancer Research (4.1k), Health/Toxicology/Mutagenesis (1.3k), Genetics (1.3k), and Biochemistry (356)[3](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw).\n\n## Disambiguation and identity\n\nConfusion with other researchers named Whitelaw is a practical risk. A different researcher, J. H. Whitelaw, works in fluid mechanics and combustion, based in the United Kingdom, United States, and Germany, with co-authors such as F. Durst, W. P. Jones, and A. Melling. Name variants recorded for Murray L. Whitelaw include Murray L. Whitelaw, M.l. Whitelaw, Murray Leslie Whitelaw, Murray Whitelaw, M. Whitelaw, Murray L Whitelaw, and M L Whitelaw[4](https://sah.borca.ai/authors/1773930).\n\n## Influence and recent activity (2024–2026)\n\nWhitelaw's work is embedded in current curated knowledge: Reactome lists him as an author of reference literature underlying curated pathways, including \"MAGED1 is a novel regulator of a select subset of bHLH PAS transcription factors\" and \"Human variants in the neuronal basic helix-loop-helix/Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLH/PAS) transcription factor complex NPAS4/ARNT2\"[8](https://www.reactome.org/content/schema/instance/browser/9634847). His most frequent co-authors span Australia, Sweden and the United States: Daniel J. Peet (21 shared papers), Lorenz Poellinger (18), Jeffrey J. Gorman (8), Anne Chapman-Smith (6), David Lando (6), [Richard K. Bruick](https://www.edgepedia.org/richard-k-bruick), Jan-[Åke Gustafsson](https://www.edgepedia.org/ake-gustafsson), Ingemar Pongratz, Jacqueline McGuire, and Katarina Gradin[3](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw).\n\nHe remains active. A 2025 *Nature Communications* paper, \"dFLASH; dual FLuorescent transcription factor activity sensor for histone integrated live-cell reporting and high-content screening\" (Allen, T. P., et al., 16(1), 3298), lists him as co-author, and a 2026 *Nucleic Acids Research* paper, \"Multimodal bHLH-PAS DNA binding controls specificity and drives obesity\" (Bersten, D. C., et al., 54(1), gkaf1352), does the same[1](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw). No obituary exists; he appears alive and publishing.\n\n## References\n\n1. [Prof Murray Whitelaw, Researcher Profiles, Adelaide University](https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/murray.whitelaw)\n2. [Staff Directory, Professor Murray Whitelaw, University of Adelaide](https://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/murray.whitelaw)\n3. [Murray L. Whitelaw, Rankless (OpenAlex-derived)](https://www.rankless.org/authors/murray-l-whitelaw)\n4. [M. Whitelaw, SCIENCE@home](https://sah.borca.ai/authors/1773930)\n5. [Murray L. Whitelaw, Research.com](https://research.com/u/murray-l-whitelaw)\n6. [Prof Murray Whitelaw, researchdata.edu.au (NHMRC)](https://researchdata.edu.au/prof-murray-whitelaw/531436)\n7. [Author search: Whitelaw, Murray L, Universidad Veracruzana catalog](https://ebusca.uv.mx/Author/Home?author=Whitelaw%2C+Murray+L)\n8. [Reactome: Whitelaw, ML literature references](https://www.reactome.org/content/schema/instance/browser/9634847)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Life and health › Life and health scientists › Life scientists › Researchers in structural biology, biochemistry, and biophysics › Signal transduction and receptors*\n\n*Initially written Oct 10, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 21, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/murray-l-whitelaw", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/murray-l-whitelaw.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Murray L Whitelaw\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/murray-l-whitelaw. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Murray L Whitelaw](https://www.edgepedia.org/murray-l-whitelaw)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/murray-l-whitelaw](https://www.edgepedia.org/murray-l-whitelaw). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Murray L Whitelaw\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/murray-l-whitelaw. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "Murray L Whitelaw is an Australian professor of biochemistry at the University of Adelaide, best known for 2002 papers identifying the hypoxic switch that regulates hypoxia-inducible factor." }