{ "id": "epv6p2nt7y", "slug": "nine-to-five", "title": "Nine to Five", "updated": "2026-11-01", "topic_path": [ { "id": "culture", "label": "Arts and culture", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/culture" }, { "id": "culture.performance", "label": "Screen and stage", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/culture.performance" }, { "id": "culture.performance.screen", "label": "Film and television", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/culture.performance.screen" }, { "id": "culture.performance.screen.films", "label": "Films and standalone screen works", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/culture.performance.screen.films" }, { "id": "culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works", "label": "Individual films by title and year", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works" }, { "id": "culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance", 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"geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance.comedies-of-the-1980s.satirical-black-and-parody-comedies-of-t", "label": "United States · 1946 to 2000: Satirical, black, and parody comedies of the 1980s", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance.comedies-of-the-1980s.satirical-black-and-parody-comedies-of-t", "path": [ { "id": "geo.us", "label": "United States", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946", "label": "United States · 1946 to 2000", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture", "label": "Arts and culture", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture.performance", "label": "Screen and stage", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen", "label": "Film and television", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films", "label": "Films and standalone screen works", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works", "label": "Individual films by title and year", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance", "label": "Comedy and romantic films (individual works)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance.comedies-of-the-1980s", "label": "Comedies of the 1980s", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance.comedies-of-the-1980s" }, { "id": "geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance.comedies-of-the-1980s.satirical-black-and-parody-comedies-of-t", "label": "Satirical, black, and parody comedies of the 1980s", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.us.t1946.culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance.comedies-of-the-1980s.satirical-black-and-parody-comedies-of-t" } ] } ], "excerpt": "Nine to Five is a 1980 American comedy directed by Colin Higgins, starring Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin, and Dolly Parton as office workers who take revenge on their sexist boss.", "snippet": "Nine to Five is a 1980 American comedy directed by Colin Higgins, starring Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin, and Dolly Parton as office workers who take revenge on their sexist boss.", "node": "culture.performance.screen.films.films.individual-works.comedy-romance.comedies-of-the-1980s.satirical-black-and-parody-comedies-of-t", "markdown": "# Nine to Five\n\n**Nine to Five** (also styled **9 to 5**) is a 1980 American comedy film directed by Colin Higgins, starring [Jane Fonda](https://www.edgepedia.org/jane-fonda), Lily Tomlin, and [Dolly Parton](https://www.edgepedia.org/dolly-parton) as three office workers who take revenge on their sexist boss, played by [Dabney Coleman](https://www.edgepedia.org/dabney-coleman).[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) Released by 20th Century Fox on December 19, 1980, it earned $103,290,500 domestically on its original release and was the second-highest-grossing American film of 1980, behind only *The Empire Strikes Back*.[2](https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0080319/) • [3](https://www.independentcinemaoffice.org.uk/films/9-to-5/) Parton's title song became a hit in its own right, and the film later spawned a television sitcom and a stage musical.[4](https://comicbook.com/movies/news/9-to-5-reimagining-in-development-jennifer-aniston-diablo-cody/)\n\n| Key fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Release | December 19, 1980, with simultaneous Los Angeles and New York openings; distributed by 20th Century Fox; 110 minutes, rated PG[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) |\n| Filmmakers | Directed by Colin Higgins; screenplay by Higgins and Patricia Resnick from Resnick's story; produced by Bruce Gilbert for IPC Films and Twentieth Century-Fox[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) |\n| Cast | Jane Fonda (Judy Bernly), Lily Tomlin (Violet Newstead), Dolly Parton (Doralee Rhodes), Dabney Coleman (Franklin Hart Jr.), with Sterling Hayden and Elizabeth Wilson[5](https://www.tcm.com/watchtcm/titles/85046) |\n| Box office | $103,290,500 domestic on the original release; second-highest-grossing American film of 1980[2](https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0080319/) • [3](https://www.independentcinemaoffice.org.uk/films/9-to-5/) |\n| Title song | Written and performed by Dolly Parton, in her first movie role; nominated for the Academy Award for Music (Original Song)[5](https://www.tcm.com/watchtcm/titles/85046) • [1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) |\n| Real-world roots | The idea came to Fonda from Karen Nussbaum, co-founder of the Boston organization 9 to 5, created in 1973 by clerical workers[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) • [6](https://9to5.org/about-us/history/) |\n| Later versions | A sitcom and a 2009 stage musical with new Parton songs; a reimagining with Jennifer Aniston producing and Diablo Cody writing was reported in 2024[4](https://comicbook.com/movies/news/9-to-5-reimagining-in-development-jennifer-aniston-diablo-cody/) • [7](https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1682061-9-to-5-remake-jennifer-aniston-to-produce-modern-take-on-classic-comedy) |\n\n## Spoilers\n\n### Plot and characters\n\nThe film follows three employees of Consolidated Companies. Judy Bernly (Fonda) is a newly divorced woman starting work in a secretarial pool; Violet Newstead (Tomlin) is a capable senior supervisor repeatedly passed over for promotion; and Doralee Rhodes (Parton) is the boss's personal secretary, who fends off his advances while co-workers wrongly suspect an affair.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) • [8](https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/nine-five-feminism-jane-fonda) Their employer, Franklin M. Hart Jr. (Coleman), is described in the film as a \"sexist, egotistical, lying, hypocritical bigot.\"[4](https://comicbook.com/movies/news/9-to-5-reimagining-in-development-jennifer-aniston-diablo-cody/)\n\nAfter a night of shared revenge fantasies, a series of accidents involving coffee, rat poison, and a bump on the head leads the three to believe Hart has been poisoned; they then kidnap him and, in his absence, remake their department, rehiring unfairly fired women, adding an on-site creche, and adopting an equal-pay policy.[8](https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/nine-five-feminism-jane-fonda) The film closes with tongue-in-cheek title cards reporting each character's fate, including that Hart \"was abducted by a tribe of Amazons in the Brazilian jungle and was never heard from again.\"[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473)\n\n### Sequel attempts and the remake\n\nTalk of revisiting the story began soon after the original's debut. In 2018, Parton said in an interview that the trio were \"going to do another one\" inspired by the #[MeToo movement](https://www.edgepedia.org/metoo-movement), and Fonda said all three were \"intending to be in it,\" with [Rashida Jones](https://www.edgepedia.org/rashida-jones) tapped to write the script alongside original co-writer Patricia Resnick.[20](https://parade.com/news/could-a-9-to-5-reunion-ever-happen-lily-tomlin-jane-fonda-dolly-parton) Plans for the sequel were dropped in 2019. Parton explained that the trio \"never could get the script where it was enough different than the first one,\" and Fonda told [Entertainment Tonight](https://www.edgepedia.org/entertainment-tonight) in 2023, \"We haven't been able to get a script that we were satisfied with.\"[4](https://comicbook.com/movies/news/9-to-5-reimagining-in-development-jennifer-aniston-diablo-cody/) • [21](https://parade.com/movies/9-to-5-remake)\n\nIn late April 2024, outlets including [The Hollywood Reporter](https://www.edgepedia.org/the-hollywood-reporter) announced that a reimagining of *9 to 5* was in development at 20th Century Studios, with [Jennifer Aniston](https://www.edgepedia.org/jennifer-aniston) producing through her company Echo Films alongside Kristin Hahn, and [Diablo Cody](https://www.edgepedia.org/diablo-cody), the Oscar-winning writer of *Juno*, writing the screenplay.[21](https://parade.com/movies/9-to-5-remake) • [7](https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1682061-9-to-5-remake-jennifer-aniston-to-produce-modern-take-on-classic-comedy) The project places the original film in a modern setting, but no casting, director, plot details, or release date have been confirmed, and it remains unclear whether Aniston will also appear on screen.[22](https://www.imdb.com/news/ni64555183/) • [7](https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1682061-9-to-5-remake-jennifer-aniston-to-produce-modern-take-on-classic-comedy) A report published in August 2026 still described the project as in development, without a filming start or release date, and no studio confirmation of its current status was identified.[23](https://www.documentarytube.com/blog/jennifer-aniston-to-produce-a-reimagining-of-9-to-5-with-juno-writer-diablo-cody/) • [24](https://www.documentarytube.com/blog/9-to-5-remake-whats-confirmed-about-jennifer-anistons-project/) Lily Tomlin has expressed skepticism, telling People, \"It's going to be tough to make [the movie] happen. My sympathies are with Jennifer and her writer, Diablo, who is a good writer.\"[21](https://parade.com/movies/9-to-5-remake) Parton, for her part, said she hoped the remake would use her song and might find a way for the three original stars to return.[21](https://parade.com/movies/9-to-5-remake)\n\nThe remake report is separate from the announced theatrical return of the original film: a reproduction of a Walt Disney Company announcement said a newly restored version would play in U.S. theaters from October 9 through October 15, 2026, with net proceeds from U.S. ticket sales going to the Dollywood Foundation's Imagination Library, which provides free books to children.[24](https://www.documentarytube.com/blog/9-to-5-remake-whats-confirmed-about-jennifer-anistons-project/)\n\n## Production\n\nThe project began with Jane Fonda, who was one of the film's original producers alongside Bruce Gilbert.[9](https://www.etonline.com/news/163899_jane_fonda_and_lily_tomlin_say_they_d_cast_britney_spears_nine_to_five_today) In a December 1980 *Playboy* essay, Fonda said that Karen Nussbaum, founder of the Boston organization 9 to 5, gave her the idea to develop a film about secretaries.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) When the story was first conceived as a straight drama it seemed dreary, so the script was adapted into a comedy.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473)\n\n**Writing the script.** Fonda and Gilbert chose Patricia Resnick, then 26, to write the first draft; Resnick researched the theme by posing as a secretary at a large insurance brokerage company.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) • [10](https://qz.com/work/1150399/a-lot-has-changed-for-working-women-since-1980s-9-to-5-even-more-hasnt) In developing the film, Fonda also interviewed office workers around the country.[11](https://oldyorkeronline.com/nine-to-five/) Writer-director Colin Higgins then created another draft with material from focus groups.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) According to a October 25, 1979 Fox press release, principal photography was set to begin January 14, 1980, in Los Angeles, and production ran from January 14 to April 25, 1980.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473)\n\nThe end credits carry an acknowledgment to Working Women, the National Association of Office Workers.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473)\n\n## The title song\n\nDolly Parton, cast as Doralee in her first movie role, wrote and performed the title song, which opens the film.[5](https://www.tcm.com/watchtcm/titles/85046) She received an Academy Award nomination for Music (Original Song) for \"Nine To Five.\"[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473) The song became one of the most recognizable workplace anthems in American history, according to NBC Boston.[12](https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/dolly-parton-9-to-5-womens-labor-movement/4011040/) In 1983, songwriters Neil and Jan Goldberg filed a lawsuit alleging that Parton, Fonda, and Fonda's husband [Tom Hayden](https://www.edgepedia.org/tom-hayden) had plagiarized the chorus of their song \"Money World\" to compose it.[1](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473)\n\n## Reception\n\nContemporary reviews were mixed. Roger Ebert, the [Chicago Sun-Times](https://www.edgepedia.org/chicago-sun-times) critic who won the [Pulitzer Prize](https://www.edgepedia.org/pulitzer-prize) for criticism in 1975, called the film \"a good-hearted, simple-minded comedy\" and singled out Parton as \"a natural-born movie star\" whose debut, he suspected, would win the film its place in history.[13](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/nine-to-five-1980) Vincent Canby of *The New York Times* was unimpressed, writing that neither the screenplay nor Higgins used the three actresses effectively.[14](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/9-to-5/critic-reviews/) [Pauline Kael](https://www.edgepedia.org/pauline-kael) in *The New Yorker* found Fonda lost in the woodwork while Tomlin and Parton won her over, and TIME's reviewer dismissed the film as \"a vile mess.\"[14](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/9-to-5/critic-reviews/) • [15](https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C924628%2C00.html) On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes the film holds a 71% Tomatometer from 105 reviews, with a critics consensus calling it \"a wonderfully cast comedy that makes some sharp points about gender roles in the workplace.\"[16](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/9_to_5)\n\nThe film's commercial performance was exceptional: it earned over $100 million, roughly $300 million in today's terms by one estimate, making it one of the highest-grossing box office comedies of all time.[4](https://comicbook.com/movies/news/9-to-5-reimagining-in-development-jennifer-aniston-diablo-cody/) • [17](https://www.remindmagazine.com/article/13674/9-to-5-remake-jennifer-aniston-producing/)\n\n## Feminist context and legacy\n\nThe film grew out of a real labor movement. The organization 9to5 was created in 1973 by clerical workers in Boston to respond to the inequities, harassment, and discrimination they experienced at work; it was founded by Karen Nussbaum and Ellen Cassedy, both office workers at Harvard University, who began with a local newsletter in 1972 and officially launched the association the next year.[6](https://9to5.org/about-us/history/) • [18](https://workerorganizing.org/premajority-unionism/case-studies/9to5/) The campaign inspired the 1980 film and song.[18](https://workerorganizing.org/premajority-unionism/case-studies/9to5/) Nussbaum later recalled that before the film, supporters had to argue that workplace discrimination existed at all; after millions saw it, she said, audiences came out \"no longer arguing that there's such a thing as discrimination, but instead beginning to look for, well, what are we going to do about it?\"[12](https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/dolly-parton-9-to-5-womens-labor-movement/4011040/) The film also reached a public already confronting the issue: TIME has noted that *Nine to Five* was Hollywood's successful 1980 comic treatment of workplace sexual harassment.[19](https://time.com/4286575/sexual-harassment-before-anita-hill/)\n\nThe [British Film Institute](https://www.edgepedia.org/british-film-institute) has argued that the film's central point is that a man, however crude, incompetent, or criminal, still climbs the professional ladder faster than an equally qualified woman, and that the film helped usher in a new age of working women on screen, paving the way for films such as *Baby Boom* (1987), *Broadcast News* (1987), and *Working Girl* (1988).[8](https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/nine-five-feminism-jane-fonda) The BFI also notes the film's limits: by its end the women see Hart take the credit for their changes, and their equal-pay policy is quashed.[8](https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/nine-five-feminism-jane-fonda)\n\n**Adaptations.** The film spun off into a television sitcom starring [Rita Moreno](https://www.edgepedia.org/rita-moreno) and Valerie Curtin, and in 2009 a stage musical launched with new original songs from Parton.[4](https://comicbook.com/movies/news/9-to-5-reimagining-in-development-jennifer-aniston-diablo-cody/) A 2020 documentary, *9to5: The Story of a Movement*, directed by the Oscar-winning filmmaker Julia Reichert, told the story of the organization behind the film.[6](https://9to5.org/about-us/history/) In 2022, co-founder Ellen Cassedy published *Working 9 to 5: A Women's Movement, A Labor Union, and the Iconic Movie*.[6](https://9to5.org/about-us/history/)\n\n## References\n\n1. [Nine to Five (1980), AFI Catalog of Feature Films](https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/56473)\n2. [9 to 5 (1980), Box Office Mojo](https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0080319/)\n3. [9 to 5, Independent Cinema Office](https://www.independentcinemaoffice.org.uk/films/9-to-5/)\n4. [9 to 5 Reimagining in Development From Jennifer Aniston, Diablo Cody, ComicBook.com (April 25, 2024)](https://comicbook.com/movies/news/9-to-5-reimagining-in-development-jennifer-aniston-diablo-cody/)\n5. [Watch Nine to Five, Turner Classic Movies](https://www.tcm.com/watchtcm/titles/85046)\n6. [History, 9to5 (organization website)](https://9to5.org/about-us/history/)\n7. [9 to 5 Remake: Jennifer Aniston to Produce Modern Take on Classic Comedy, ComingSoon.net (April 25, 2024)](https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1682061-9-to-5-remake-jennifer-aniston-to-produce-modern-take-on-classic-comedy)\n8. [Yes, 9 to 5 really is a feminist movie, BFI (November 1, 2018)](https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/nine-five-feminism-jane-fonda)\n9. [Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin On A Possible '9 To 5' Remake, Entertainment Tonight (May 4, 2015)](https://www.etonline.com/news/163899_jane_fonda_and_lily_tomlin_say_they_d_cast_britney_spears_nine_to_five_today)\n10. [The screenwriter of the 1980 hit film \"9 to 5\" says we're finally facing reality, Quartz](https://qz.com/work/1150399/a-lot-has-changed-for-working-women-since-1980s-9-to-5-even-more-hasnt)\n11. [Nine to Five, Old Yorker film review](https://oldyorkeronline.com/nine-to-five/)\n12. [These Boston women inspired Dolly Parton's '9 to 5' and a national labor movement, NBC Boston](https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/dolly-parton-9-to-5-womens-labor-movement/4011040/)\n13. [Nine to Five, review by Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times (December 19, 1980)](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/nine-to-five-1980)\n14. [9 to 5 critic reviews, Metacritic](https://www.metacritic.com/movie/9-to-5/critic-reviews/)\n15. [Cinema: Stenos, Anyone?, TIME (December 22, 1980)](https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C924628%2C00.html)\n16. [9 to 5, Rotten Tomatoes](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/9_to_5)\n17. ['9 to 5' Remake in the Works With Jennifer Aniston Set to Produce, Remind Magazine (April 26, 2024)](https://www.remindmagazine.com/article/13674/9-to-5-remake-jennifer-aniston-producing/)\n18. [9to5: The National Association of Working Women, Emergency Workplace Organizing Committee case study](https://workerorganizing.org/premajority-unionism/case-studies/9to5/)\n19. [A Brief History of Sexual Harassment in America Before Anita Hill, TIME](https://time.com/4286575/sexual-harassment-before-anita-hill/)\n20. [Could a '9 to 5' Reunion Ever Happen? Parade (April 25, 2026)](https://parade.com/news/could-a-9-to-5-reunion-ever-happen-lily-tomlin-jane-fonda-dolly-parton)\n21. [Will Dolly Parton Appear in the '9 to 5' Movie Remake? What We Know So Far, Parade (June 19, 2024)](https://parade.com/movies/9-to-5-remake)\n22. ['9 to 5' Remake in the Works From Jennifer Aniston, IMDb News / Rolling Stone (April 25, 2024)](https://www.imdb.com/news/ni64555183/)\n23. [Jennifer Aniston to Produce a Reimagining of 9 to 5 With Juno Writer Diablo Cody, DocumentaryTube](https://www.documentarytube.com/blog/jennifer-aniston-to-produce-a-reimagining-of-9-to-5-with-juno-writer-diablo-cody/)\n24. [Jennifer Aniston's '9 to 5' Remake: What's Confirmed, DocumentaryTube](https://www.documentarytube.com/blog/9-to-5-remake-whats-confirmed-about-jennifer-anistons-project/)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Arts and culture › Screen and stage › Film and television › Films and standalone screen works › Individual films by title and year › Comedy and romantic films (individual works) › Comedies of the 1980s › Satirical, black, and parody comedies of the 1980s*\n\n*Initially written Oct 3, 2026 · Reviewed: Oct 25, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026; Nov 1, 2026 · Last review: Oct 25, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/nine-to-five", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/nine-to-five.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Nine to Five\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/nine-to-five. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Nine to Five](https://www.edgepedia.org/nine-to-five)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/nine-to-five](https://www.edgepedia.org/nine-to-five). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Nine to Five\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/nine-to-five. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "Nine to Five is a 1980 American comedy directed by Colin Higgins, starring Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin, and Dolly Parton as office workers who take revenge on their sexist boss." }