{ "id": "ep74sp7ywc", "slug": "plan-de-ayutla", "title": "Plan de Ayutla", "updated": "2026-10-15", "topic_path": [ { "id": "society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society" }, { "id": "society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history" }, { "id": "society.history.other", "label": "Other history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.other" }, { "id": "society.history.other.latin-america", "label": "Latin America and the Caribbean", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.other.latin-america" }, { "id": "society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations", "label": "New Latin American nations (1830 to 1910)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations" }, { "id": "society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations.wars-and-revolutions", "label": "Wars and revolutions", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations.wars-and-revolutions" } ], "geo": [ { "id": "geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations", "label": "Latin America and the Caribbean · 1800 to 1945: New Latin American nations (1830 to 1910)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations", "path": [ { "id": "geo.latam", "label": "Latin America and the Caribbean", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam" }, { "id": "geo.latam.t1800", "label": "Latin America and the Caribbean · 1800 to 1945", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam.t1800" }, { "id": "geo.latam.t1800.society", "label": "Society and history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam.t1800.society" }, { "id": "geo.latam.t1800.society.history", "label": "History and archaeology", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam.t1800.society.history" }, { "id": "geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other", "label": "Other history", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other" }, { "id": "geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other.latin-america", "label": "Latin America and the Caribbean", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other.latin-america" }, { "id": "geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations", "label": "New Latin American nations (1830 to 1910)", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.latam.t1800.society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations" } ] } ], "excerpt": "The Plan de Ayutla was a Mexican proclamation of March 1, 1854, by Colonel Florencio Villarreal at Ayutla, Guerrero, demanding President Santa Anna's removal and an interim president to summon a constituent congress.", "snippet": "The Plan de Ayutla was a Mexican proclamation of March 1, 1854, by Colonel Florencio Villarreal at Ayutla, Guerrero, demanding President Santa Anna's removal and an interim president to summon a constituent congress.", "node": "society.history.other.latin-america.la-new-nations.wars-and-revolutions", "markdown": "# Plan de Ayutla\n\nThe Plan de Ayutla (Plan de Ayutla) was a Mexican revolutionary proclamation of March 1, 1854, by which Colonel Florencio Villarreal and the forces gathered at Ayutla, in the state of Guerrero, declared that President Antonio López de Santa Anna and officials who had lost the people's confidence ceased to exercise public power, and called for an interim president to summon an extraordinary congress to constitute Mexico as a popular representative republic.[1](http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH4.pdf) • [2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) The plan launched the [Revolution of Ayutla](https://www.edgepedia.org/revolution-of-ayutla) (1854–55), which ended Santa Anna's dictatorship and produced the government that convened the Constituent Congress of 1856–57.[2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) • [3](https://e1.portalacademico.cch.unam.mx/alumno/historiademexico1/unidad5/lareformaliberal/revolucionayutla)\n\n| Key fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Proclaimed | March 1, 1854, at Ayutla, Guerrero, by Colonel Florencio Villarreal[1](http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH4.pdf) |\n| Central provision | Santa Anna and like officials removed from public power[1](http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH4.pdf) |\n| Revision | Reformed at Acapulco by Ignacio Comonfort on March 10 or 11, 1854 (sources differ on the day)[2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) • [4](https://www.constitucion1917.gob.mx/es/inehrm/La_Revolucin_de_Ayutla) |\n| Outcome | Santa Anna left power on August 9, 1855[4](https://www.constitucion1917.gob.mx/es/inehrm/La_Revolucin_de_Ayutla) • [2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) |\n| Legacy | Convened the Constituent Congress of 1856–57 and the Constitution of 1857[5](https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/6/2713/38.pdf) |\n\n## Origin: authorship and proclamation\n\nThe plan was drafted at the hacienda La Providencia, property of Juan Álvarez, by a group that the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) names as Juan Álvarez, Ignacio Comonfort, Trinidad Gómez, Diego Álvarez, Tomás Moreno, and Rafael Benavides; the National Institute of Historical Studies (INEHRM) lists a similar group including Eligio Romero and General Tomás Moreno, second chief of the Guerrero state command.[2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) • [4](https://www.constitucion1917.gob.mx/es/inehrm/La_Revolucin_de_Ayutla) The original text itself, however, is signed at Ayutla on March 1, 1854, by Colonel Florencio Villarreal (printed Villareal) as commander in chief of the gathered forces.[1](http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH4.pdf)\n\nThe preamble declared that the permanence of [Antonio López de Santa Anna](https://www.edgepedia.org/antonio-lopez-de-santa-anna) in power was a constant threat to public liberties, and the reformed text denounced that under his government a part of the national territory had been sold unnecessarily, a reference to the sale of the Mesilla, the region north of the present states of Sonora and Chihuahua.[5](https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/6/2713/38.pdf) • [6](https://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH5.pdf) • [3](https://e1.portalacademico.cch.unam.mx/alumno/historiademexico1/unidad5/lareformaliberal/revolucionayutla)\n\n## Contents\n\nIts specific articles provided that:\n\n- Article 1 removed Santa Anna and the other officials who had lost the people's confidence, or who opposed the plan, from the exercise of public power.[1](http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH4.pdf)\n- The final article ordered that all who opposed the plan's principles be treated as enemies of national independence, and invited Generals Nicolás Bravo, Juan Álvarez, and Tomás Moreno to adopt them and take command of the forces.[8](https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Plan_de_Ayutla) • [1](http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH4.pdf)\n\n## Revision at Acapulco\n\nWithin days of the proclamation, Ignacio Comonfort modified the plan at Acapulco; the CNDH dates the modification March 10, 1854, and the INEHRM dates it March 11, 1854.[2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) • [4](https://www.constitucion1917.gob.mx/es/inehrm/La_Revolucin_de_Ayutla) According to the INEHRM, the changes were made mainly to attract federalists to the movement.[4](https://www.constitucion1917.gob.mx/es/inehrm/La_Revolucin_de_Ayutla)\n\n## Implementation and political influence\n\nSanta Anna, who had taken possession of the presidency on April 20, 1853, abandoned the capital on August 9, 1855, and resigned days later at Perote; the next day the Mexico City garrison adhered to the Plan de Ayutla, ending the conflict.[4](https://www.constitucion1917.gob.mx/es/inehrm/La_Revolucin_de_Ayutla) • [7](http://www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/biblio/virtual/bicentena/doc_hist_inde/04_BC_rev_ayu.pdf)\n\nAfter the readjustments, Juan Álvarez was named interim president in October 1855.[7](http://www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/biblio/virtual/bicentena/doc_hist_inde/04_BC_rev_ayu.pdf) • [2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) The government emanating from the plan convened the Constituent Congress of 1856–57, which produced the Constitution of 1857.[5](https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/6/2713/38.pdf) • [2](https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio) The CNDH characterizes the plan's aim as deposing Santa Anna and establishing a government that promoted democracy and federalism, decentralizing political power and granting greater autonomy to the states.[9](https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/default/files/documentos/2024-03/FRN_MAR_01-1.pdf)\n\n## Reception and assessment\n\nThe Revolution of Ayutla is assessed as the starting point of the predominance of the liberal project of nation in Mexico.[3](https://e1.portalacademico.cch.unam.mx/alumno/historiademexico1/unidad5/lareformaliberal/revolucionayutla) According to *La revolución de Ayutla* (published by the Cámara de Diputados), the jurist and historian Ignacio Burgoa held that the plan sought to overthrow the santanista dictatorship by force, to establish \"republican equality\" through the abolition of \"órdenes, tratamientos y privilegios\" (orders, honorific treatments, and privileges opposed to it), to organize the country under a stable republican constitutional order respecting individual guarantees, and that it gave rise to the liberal party that defended the Constitution of 1857 and the [Reform Laws](https://www.edgepedia.org/reform-laws) by arms.[7](http://www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/biblio/virtual/bicentena/doc_hist_inde/04_BC_rev_ayu.pdf) A scholarly constitutional-history edition concludes that, beyond removing Santa Anna, the plan was fundamental to the establishment of liberal institutions in Mexico and marked a radical change in the country's history.[5](https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/6/2713/38.pdf)\n## References\n\n1. Plan de Ayutla (texto original), Orden Jurídico Nacional. http://ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH4.pdf\n2. Aniversario de la proclamación del Plan de Ayutla, CNDH. https://www.cndh.org.mx/noticia/aniversario-de-la-proclamacion-del-plan-de-ayutla-redactado-por-juan-alvarez-e-ignacio\n3. La revolución de Ayutla, Portal Académico CCH, UNAM. https://e1.portalacademico.cch.unam.mx/alumno/historiademexico1/unidad5/lareformaliberal/revolucionayutla\n4. La Revolución de Ayutla, INEHRM. https://www.constitucion1917.gob.mx/es/inehrm/La_Revolucin_de_Ayutla\n5. Plan de Ayutla 1854, in a scholarly constitutional-history collection, UNAM. https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/6/2713/38.pdf\n6. Plan de Acapulco, modificando el de Ayutla, Orden Jurídico Nacional. https://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Constitucion/CH5.pdf\n7. La revolución de Ayutla, Cámara de Diputados. http://www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/biblio/virtual/bicentena/doc_hist_inde/04_BC_rev_ayu.pdf\n8. Plan de Ayutla, Wikisource (es). https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Plan_de_Ayutla\n9. Proclamación del Plan de Ayutla, CNDH, Febrero Revolucionario. https://www.cndh.org.mx/sites/default/files/documentos/2024-03/FRN_MAR_01-1.pdf\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › History and archaeology › Other history › Latin America and the Caribbean › New Latin American nations (1830 to 1910) › Wars and revolutions*\n\n*Initially written Sep 24, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/plan-de-ayutla", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/plan-de-ayutla.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Plan de Ayutla\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/plan-de-ayutla. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Plan de Ayutla](https://www.edgepedia.org/plan-de-ayutla)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/plan-de-ayutla](https://www.edgepedia.org/plan-de-ayutla). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Plan de Ayutla\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/plan-de-ayutla. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "The Plan de Ayutla was a Mexican proclamation of March 1, 1854, by Colonel Florencio Villarreal at Ayutla, Guerrero, demanding President Santa Anna's removal and an interim president to summon a constituent congress." }