{
"id": "ep1vm90p2j",
"slug": "reductive-dechlorination",
"title": "Reductive dechlorination",
"updated": "2026-09-30",
"topic_path": [
{
"id": "physical",
"label": "Physical world and mathematics",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/physical"
},
{
"id": "physical.chemistry",
"label": "Chemistry",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/physical.chemistry"
},
{
"id": "physical.chemistry.methods",
"label": "Chemical principles and methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/physical.chemistry.methods"
},
{
"id": "physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis",
"label": "Chemical synthesis",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis"
},
{
"id": "physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods",
"label": "Named synthetic methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods"
},
{
"id": "physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods.alpha-ho-to-z",
"label": "Titles Ho to Z",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods.alpha-ho-to-z"
}
],
"geo": [
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods",
"label": "Non-geographic · 1800 to 1945: Named synthetic methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods",
"path": [
{
"id": "geo.nongeo",
"label": "Non-geographic",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1800",
"label": "Non-geographic · 1800 to 1945",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1800"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1800.physical",
"label": "Physical world and mathematics",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1800.physical"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry",
"label": "Chemistry",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods",
"label": "Chemical principles and methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis",
"label": "Chemical synthesis",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods",
"label": "Named synthetic methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1800.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods"
}
]
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods",
"label": "Non-geographic · 1946 to 2000: Named synthetic methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods",
"path": [
{
"id": "geo.nongeo",
"label": "Non-geographic",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1946",
"label": "Non-geographic · 1946 to 2000",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1946"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1946.physical",
"label": "Physical world and mathematics",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1946.physical"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry",
"label": "Chemistry",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods",
"label": "Chemical principles and methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis",
"label": "Chemical synthesis",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis"
},
{
"id": "geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods",
"label": "Named synthetic methods",
"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.nongeo.t1946.physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods"
}
]
}
],
"excerpt": "Reductive dechlorination is a chemical reaction that removes chlorine atoms from chlorinated organic molecules by reduction, used to destroy chlorinated solvents and PCBs in environmental remediation.",
"snippet": "Reductive dechlorination is a chemical reaction that removes chlorine atoms from chlorinated organic molecules by reduction, used to destroy chlorinated solvents and PCBs in environmental remediation.",
"node": "physical.chemistry.methods.chemical-synthesis.named-preparative-methods.alpha-ho-to-z",
"markdown": "# Reductive dechlorination\n\nReductive dechlorination is a chemical reaction that removes chlorine atoms from chlorinated organic molecules by reduction, either replacing a chlorine with hydrogen (hydrogenolysis, also called hydrodechlorination) or eliminating two halogens from adjacent carbons (dihaloelimination). In all reported biological cases the halogen is released as a halide anion.[1](https://www.enviro.wiki/images/8/83/1992-Mohn-Microbial_Reductive_Dehalogenation.pdf) The reaction serves two distinct purposes: in environmental remediation it destroys chlorinated solvents and pesticides that resist aerobic oxidation, because microorganisms gain energy as chlorine atoms are replaced with hydrogen under anaerobic conditions;[2](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651320307648) in synthesis and catalyst chemistry it converts or recycles toxic chloro-compounds by catalytic hydrodechlorination. For highly chlorinated PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, tetrachloroethene, and [pentachlorophenol](https://www.edgepedia.org/pentachlorophenol), reductive dehalogenation is an important biodegradation route, occurring mainly under anaerobic conditions, although pentachlorophenol is also metabolized by microbes under aerobic conditions.[26](https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp51-c5.pdf) • [1](https://www.enviro.wiki/images/8/83/1992-Mohn-Microbial_Reductive_Dehalogenation.pdf)\n\n| Key fact | Value |\n|---|---|\n| Reaction outcomes | Hydrogenolysis (Cl replaced by H) or dihaloelimination (two vicinal halogens removed); halide anion released[1](https://www.enviro.wiki/images/8/83/1992-Mohn-Microbial_Reductive_Dehalogenation.pdf) |\n| Gibbs energy, chloroethenes | −140 to −170 kJ per mol Cl− released, sufficient to drive ATP synthesis[3](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044829) |\n| Key microbial enzymes | Corrinoid and Fe–S cluster containing, membrane-associated reductive dehalogenases (RDases)[3](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044829) |\n| Rate-constant range, pH 7 | TCE dechlorination spans 9 decades, from \\( 1.2 \\times 10^{4} \\) L/g-Pd/min (Pd-on-Au nanoparticles) to \\( 7.09 \\times 10^{-6} \\) L/g-Fe/min (micron iron)[4](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926337312002287) |\n| Field dechlorination half-lives | A few hours after KB-1 bioaugmentation at Kelly Air Force Base[5](https://doi.org/10.1021/es0255711) |\n| C–Cl vs C–F selectivity | Dechlorination barrier 12.69 kcal/mol for PceA; defluorination barriers ~34 to >40 kcal/mol, \\( 1.26 \\times 10^{12} \\) to \\( 2.01 \\times 10^{31} \\) times slower[6](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2026/cp/d5cp03866a) |\n\n## How it works\n\nThree electron-transfer principles dominate, depending on the system. In microbial organohalide respiration, [reductive dehalogenases](https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dehalogenase) are corrinoid- and Fe–S-cluster-containing, membrane-associated terminal reductases that catalyze reductive elimination of a halide from a carbon–halogen bond while consuming reducing equivalents.[3](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044829) For the Co(I) corrinoid active site, three mechanisms are discussed: nucleophilic attack forming an organocobalt adduct, single-electron transfer generating a radical anion, and attack on the halide forming a Co–halogen bond.[3](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044829) Structural work supports different routes in different enzymes: NpRdhA cleaves the C–halogen bond via direct Co–halogen bonding, while PceA of Sulfurospirillum multivorans uses long-range electron transfer on the Co center.[7](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-40906-6)\n\nIn catalytic hydrodechlorination, a metal surface delivers hydrogen: Pt-group metals are highly reactive and selective for reductive cleavage of C–Cl, C–Br, and C–I bonds but less effective for hydrodefluorination.[8](https://www.eeer.org/journal/view.php?number=1712) In electrochemical systems, electron transfer to C–Cl bonds proceeds by concerted or stepwise dissociative electron transfer, while electrocatalytic hydro-dechlorination relies mainly on indirect atomic hydrogen reduction, which often competes with the direct route; a third family uses redox-active mediators to shuttle electrons from the cathode.[9](https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/celc.202000067)\n\n## How it is done\n\nThe main operating protocols differ in how electrons reach the C–Cl bond. In bioremediation, electron donors are supplied to drive the sequential pathway PCE → TCE → cis-DCE → vinyl chloride → ethene; donors include carbohydrates, alcohols, oils, solids such as bark mulch and chitin, and complex compounds such as whey and cellulose.[10](https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/bioengineering/bioengineering-08-00109/article_deploy/bioengineering-08-00109-v2.pdf?version=1628126319) In catalytic hydrodechlorination, hydrogen gas is fed over supported metal: reviewed case studies include liquid-phase HDC of chlorophenols over alumina-supported palladium and gas-phase conversion of chlorinated and brominated aromatics over silica-supported nickel.[11](https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cctc.201000432) With zero-valent iron particles, halogenated compounds are converted into acetylene, ethene, and ethane via β-elimination and hydrogenolysis; bimetallic nanoparticles with Pd or Ni catalyze \\( H_{2} \\) into reactive hydrogen species.[8](https://www.eeer.org/journal/view.php?number=1712) In electrochemical reactors, cathodic reduction dehalogenates pollutants via surface-bound H atoms and electron injection.[8](https://www.eeer.org/journal/view.php?number=1712)\n\n## Origin\n\nIn the 1960s, reductive dehalogenation in anaerobic environments was found to be an important fate of DDT, lindane, mirex, and toxaphene.[1](https://www.enviro.wiki/images/8/83/1992-Mohn-Microbial_Reductive_Dehalogenation.pdf) Suflita, Horowitz, Shelton, and Tiedje reported dehalogenation as a novel pathway for anaerobic biodegradation of haloaromatic compounds in Science in 1982,[12](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.218.4577.1115) and Quensen, Tiedje, and Boyd reported reductive dechlorination of PCBs by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments in Science in 1988.[13](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.242.4879.752) Freedman and Gossett showed in 1989, in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, that mixed methanogenic cultures completely dechlorinate PCE and TCE to ethylene, with [14C]ethylene confirmed as the terminal product by radiotracer studies.[14](https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.9.2144-2151.1989) Dolfing showed in 1990, in Archives of Microbiology, that reductive dechlorination of 3-chlorobenzoate is coupled to ATP production and growth in strain DCB-1.[15](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00249079) Gantzer and Wackett showed in 1991, in Environmental Science & Technology, that free bacterial transition-metal coenzymes catalyze reductive dechlorination.[16](https://doi.org/10.1021/es00016a017) Mohn and Tiedje's 1992 review in Microbiological Reviews defined the hydrogenolysis and dihaloelimination framework.[1](https://www.enviro.wiki/images/8/83/1992-Mohn-Microbial_Reductive_Dehalogenation.pdf) Neumann, Wohlfarth, and Diekert purified and characterized the tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase from Dehalospirillum multivorans in 1996, in the [Journal of Biological Chemistry](https://www.edgepedia.org/journal-of-biological-chemistry).[17](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.28.16515) Lowry and Reinhard reported palladium-catalyzed hydrodehalogenation of 1- to 3-carbon halogenated compounds in water with hydrogen gas in 1999, in Environmental Science & Technology.[18](https://doi.org/10.1021/es980963m) In 2014 the NpRdhA structure (Payne and colleagues, Nature) and the PceA structure (Bommer and colleagues, Science) established the structural basis of B12-dependent dehalogenation.[19](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13901) • [20](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258118)\n\n## Variants\n\nThe named variants differ in catalyst and electron source. Catalytic hydrodechlorination uses supported transition metals (Pd, Ni) with \\( H_{2} \\), in liquid or gas phase.[11](https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cctc.201000432) Electrochemical dechlorination splits into direct reduction by dissociative electron transfer, electrocatalytic hydro-dechlorination via adsorbed atomic hydrogen, and mediator-based reduction.[9](https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/celc.202000067) [Zero-valent iron](https://www.edgepedia.org/zero-valent-iron) and its bimetallic (Pd, Ni) forms convert chlorinated ethenes mainly by β-elimination and hydrogenolysis.[8](https://www.eeer.org/journal/view.php?number=1712) Organohalide respiration is anaerobic respiration in which organohalides serve as terminal electron acceptors, with membrane-bound RDases as the key enzymes.[21](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00249/full) Physiologically, microbial reductive dechlorination can be either cometabolic activity or a novel type of anaerobic respiration.[22](https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/reductive-dehalogenation-by-anaerobic-bacteria/)\n\n## Applications\n\nThe principal applications are destruction of chlorinated solvents and PCBs. Highly chlorinated PCB congeners in Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260 can be reductively dechlorinated by anaerobic microorganisms from PCB-contaminated sediments, with mono- and dichlorobiphenyls as major products.[1](https://www.enviro.wiki/images/8/83/1992-Mohn-Microbial_Reductive_Dehalogenation.pdf) For groundwater, the Dehalococcoides-containing KB-1 culture completely dechlorinates PCE to ethene under anaerobic conditions.[21](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00249/full) At Kelly Air Force Base, 13 liters of KB-1 were injected into a closed-loop recirculation cell after methanol/acetate biostimulation; within 200 days, PCE, TCE, and cis-1,2-DCE in the pilot test area were all below 5 μg/L, and field-estimated dechlorination half-lives were on the order of a few hours. Reductive dechlorination shows higher efficiency on highly chlorinated compounds, making chemical reduction one of the most suitable in situ approaches for chlorinated organic contaminants.[23](https://hal.science/hal-02540382v1/file/In%20Situ%20Chemical%20Reduction%20of%20Chlorinated%20Compounds%20-%20prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9.pdf)\n\n## Limitations and alternatives\n\nThe main failure mode is incomplete dechlorination. Anaerobic treatment of chlorinated ethenes often stops at cis-DCE and vinyl chloride unless further biostimulation with excess electron donors is provided, and that added donor can trigger competing nitrate reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis.[21](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00249/full) A subsequent aerobic stage permits complete mineralization of the accumulated DCE and vinyl chloride.[24](https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/548fac7f-a8b3-4ecd-bd77-93f6dc4f66ab/Review_water-15-01406_Bertolini.pdf) For electrochemical direct electron transfer processes, catalyst poisoning by adsorbed intermediates that form polymeric passivation layers on the electrode surface is a recognized weakness.[8](https://www.eeer.org/journal/view.php?number=1712) Against alternatives, comparative literature data indicate that [in situ chemical oxidation](https://www.edgepedia.org/in-situ-chemical-oxidation) is a faster treatment process than biologically mediated reductive dechlorination for sites contaminated with TCE, PCE, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane and their daughter products.[25](https://hero.epa.gov/reference/5474135/) The role of methanogens is reported differently across systems: in the 1989 enrichment cultures, inhibition studies with 2-bromoethanesulfonate suggested methanogens played a key role in the PCE/TCE biotransformations,[14](https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.9.2144-2151.1989) whereas in engineered bioelectrochemical systems methanogens act as competitors that lower electron utilization for organohalide respiration, and only low \\( H_{2} \\) concentrations allow OHRB to outcompete them.[24](https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/548fac7f-a8b3-4ecd-bd77-93f6dc4f66ab/Review_water-15-01406_Bertolini.pdf) RDases themselves cannot extend the method to fluorinated compounds: calculated defluorination barriers greatly exceed the dechlorination barrier, making anaerobic RDase-based biodefluorination of linear PFAS not practicable at engineering scale.[6](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2026/cp/d5cp03866a)\n\n## References\n\n1. [Microbial Reductive Dehalogenation (Mohn & Tiedje, Microbiological Reviews, 1992)](https://www.enviro.wiki/images/8/83/1992-Mohn-Microbial_Reductive_Dehalogenation.pdf)\n2. [Bioremediation of typical chlorinated hydrocarbons by microbial reductive dechlorination and its key players: A review](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651320307648)\n3. [Biochemistry of Catabolic Reductive Dehalogenation](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044829)\n4. [Establishing the trichloroethene dechlorination rates of palladium-based catalysts and iron-based reductants](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926337312002287)\n5. [Field Demonstration of Successful Bioaugmentation To Achieve Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethene To Ethene](https://doi.org/10.1021/es0255711)\n6. [From bioavailability scarcity to energy barriers: limitations of anaerobic microbial reductive defluorination](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2026/cp/d5cp03866a)\n7. [Mimicking reductive dehalogenases for efficient electrocatalytic water dechlorination](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-40906-6)\n8. [Chemical oxidation and reduction technologies for water and wastewater treatment: Current status, challenges, and future directions](https://www.eeer.org/journal/view.php?number=1712)\n9. [Insights into Electroreductive Dehalogenation Mechanisms of Chlorinated Environmental Pollutants](https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/celc.202000067)\n10. [Combined Strategies to Prompt the Biological Reduction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons](https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/bioengineering/bioengineering-08-00109/article_deploy/bioengineering-08-00109-v2.pdf?version=1628126319)\n11. [Supported Transition Metal Catalysts for Hydrodechlorination Reactions](https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cctc.201000432)\n12. [Joseph M. Suflita and colleagues (1982). Dehalogenation: A Novel Pathway for the Anaerobic Biodegradation of Haloaromatic Compounds. Science.](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.218.4577.1115)\n13. [John F. Quensen, James M. Tiedje, Stephen A. Boyd (1988). Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Anaerobic Microorganisms from Sediments. Science.](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.242.4879.752)\n14. [D L Freedman, J M Gossett (1989). Biological reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene to ethylene under methanogenic conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.](https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.55.9.2144-2151.1989)\n15. [Jan Dolfing (1990). Reductive dechlorination of 3-chlorobenzoate is coupled to ATP production and growth in an anaerobic bacterium, strain DCB-1. Archives of Microbiology.](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00249079)\n16. [Charles J. Gantzer, Lawrence P. Wackett (1991). Reductive dechlorination catalyzed by bacterial transition-metal coenzymes. Environmental Science & Technology.](https://doi.org/10.1021/es00016a017)\n17. [Anke Neumann, Gert Wohlfarth, Gabriele Diekert (1996). Purification and Characterization of Tetrachloroethene Reductive Dehalogenase from. Journal of Biological Chemistry.](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.28.16515)\n18. [Gregory V. Lowry, Martin Reinhard (1999). Hydrodehalogenation of 1- to 3-Carbon Halogenated Organic Compounds in Water Using a Palladium Catalyst and Hydrogen Gas. Environmental Science & Technology.](https://doi.org/10.1021/es980963m)\n19. [Karl A. P. Payne and colleagues (2014). Reductive dehalogenase structure suggests a mechanism for B12-dependent dehalogenation. Nature.](https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13901)\n20. [Martin Bommer and colleagues (2014). Structural basis for organohalide respiration. Science.](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258118)\n21. [Organohalide Respiring Bacteria and Reductive Dehalogenases: Key Tools in Organohalide Bioremediation](https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00249/full)\n22. [Reductive dehalogenation by anaerobic bacteria (PhD thesis, Wageningen University & Research)](https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/reductive-dehalogenation-by-anaerobic-bacteria/)\n23. [In Situ Chemical Reduction of Chlorinated Compounds](https://hal.science/hal-02540382v1/file/In%20Situ%20Chemical%20Reduction%20of%20Chlorinated%20Compounds%20-%20prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9.pdf)\n24. [Sequential Anaerobic/Aerobic Microbial Transformation of Chlorinated Ethenes (Water review, repository copy)](https://air.unimi.it/retrieve/548fac7f-a8b3-4ecd-bd77-93f6dc4f66ab/Review_water-15-01406_Bertolini.pdf)\n25. [A Comparison of Chemical Oxidation and Biological Reductive Dechlorination Technologies for the Treatment of Chlorinated Solvents](https://hero.epa.gov/reference/5474135/)\n26. [Tp51 c5 (atsdr.cdc.gov)](https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp51-c5.pdf)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Physical world and mathematics › Chemistry › Chemical principles and methods › Chemical synthesis › Named synthetic methods › Titles Ho to Z*\n\n*Initially written Sep 29, 2026 · Reviewed: Sep 30, 2026 · Edited: Sep 30, 2026 · Last review: Sep 30, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n",
"same_as": [],
"url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dechlorination",
"markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dechlorination.md",
"license": {
"name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0",
"url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license",
"summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.",
"spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0"
},
"credit": "\"Reductive dechlorination\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dechlorination. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.",
"credit_md": "\"[Reductive dechlorination](https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dechlorination)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dechlorination](https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dechlorination). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).",
"credit_html": "\"Reductive dechlorination\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/reductive-dechlorination. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.",
"speakable": "Reductive dechlorination is a chemical reaction that removes chlorine atoms from chlorinated organic molecules by reduction, used to destroy chlorinated solvents and PCBs in environmental remediation."
}