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 "excerpt": "Small Change (L'Argent de poche, \"Pocket Money\") is François Truffaut's 1976 French comedy-drama about children in Thiers; also a 1976 Tom Waits album on Asylum and a Peter Gill play.",
 "snippet": "Small Change (L'Argent de poche, \"Pocket Money\") is François Truffaut's 1976 French comedy-drama about children in Thiers; also a 1976 Tom Waits album on Asylum and a Peter Gill play.",
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 "markdown": "# Small Change\n\n**Small Change** (French: *L'Argent de poche*, literally \"Pocket Money\") is a 1976 French comedy-drama directed by [François Truffaut](https://www.edgepedia.org/francois-truffaut) about the everyday lives of a group of children in the provincial town of Thiers, in the Puy-de-Dôme.<sup>[1](https://europeanscreen.com/titles/small-change/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[2](https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=78285.html)</sup> Truffaut co-wrote the screenplay with Suzanne Schiffman and made the film between *The Story of Adèle H.* (1975) and *[The Man Who Loved Women](https://www.edgepedia.org/the-man-who-loved-women)* (1977). It is the film in which he returned most directly to the territory of his first feature, *The 400 Blows* (1959): childhood, school, and the negligence of adults, but without that film's despair.<sup>[1](https://europeanscreen.com/titles/small-change/)</sup>\n\n| Key fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Original title / meaning | *L'Argent de poche*, \"pocket money,\" a title Truffaut chose for what it says about parental care and trust<sup>[3](https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/small-change)</sup> |\n| French release | 17 March 1976; running time about 104 minutes (1 h 45 by French listings)<sup>[2](https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=78285.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/film/lArgent_de_poche/745)</sup> |\n| Setting | One school term in Thiers, ending at a summer camp in August<sup>[1](https://europeanscreen.com/titles/small-change/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1976/03/20/l-argent-de-poche-de-francois-truffaut-les-mistons-1976_3124246_1819218.html)</sup> |\n| Central characters | Julien Leclou (Philippe Goldman), an abused and neglected boy, and his teacher Jean-François Richet (Jean-François Stévenin), who had been a neglected child himself<sup>[3](https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/small-change)</sup> |\n| Casting | Almost entirely from open auditions in Thiers, with scenes written around what the children could do<sup>[1](https://europeanscreen.com/titles/small-change/)</sup> |\n| French box office | About 1.8 million admissions in France, one of Truffaut's more commercially successful films there<sup>[6](https://cineoutsider.co.uk/pocket_money_bluray_review/)</sup> |\n| Recognition | Played in competition at the 1976 Berlin Film Festival, winning the festival's critic award; a Golden Globe nominee for Best Foreign Film in 1977<sup>[7](https://mk2films.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/06/francois-truffaut-collection.pdf)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[8](https://www.filmaffinity.com/au/film540662.html)</sup> |\n\n## Spoilers\n\n### Plot\n\nThiers, a steep, moldering town in central France, a few weeks of summer. The center of gravity is the local elementary school, not yet co-ed, where the schoolteacher Monsieur Richet (Jean-François Stévenin) is popular with his students and improvises his way through the job. There is no single storyline. The film moves from child to child, household to household, building a portrait of a town where teachers, parents, and kids are practically neighbors.\n\n**The scene everyone remembers comes early: little Gregory, a boy of about three, is left alone in a high-rise apartment, pushes his kitten out onto the ledge, and then climbs out after it and falls.** The kitten lands on the balcony below, safe but confused. Gregory falls from the window, is cushioned by an awning and bushes, and gets up without a scratch, to the horror and then the relieved laughter of the adults who gather below. His mother, who had stepped out and left him unattended, eventually resumes her evening. Afterward Richet tells his pregnant wife it is terrifying how children are in constant danger, and she answers with the film's creed: kids are very solid, they are in a state of grace, they bounce back.<sup>[19](https://time.com/archive/6879786/cinema-state-of-grace/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[20](http://notcoming.com/reviews/smallchange)</sup>\n\nFrom there the film accumulates episodes. Patrick (Georges Desmouceaux), a resourceful boy with a paper route, feels the first stirrings of adolescence and buys red roses for the mother of a schoolmate, a courtship conducted with a grown man's persistence and a boy's shyness.<sup>[19](https://time.com/archive/6879786/cinema-state-of-grace/)</sup> A girl with her arm in a cast, Laurence, delivers a deadpan miniature lecture to a younger boy on the mechanics of one-handed life: how she eats, how she manages. She plays it with the timing of a seasoned comic precisely because she is not one. Two boys sneak into a movie theater and are caught. A boy stalls shamelessly in class, watching the clock, milking the minutes before the bell.\n\nPunishment becomes its own comic set piece when a girl is sent to her room without dinner. She takes her father's battery-powered megaphone and announces indignantly to the neighbors around the courtyard that she is hungry, until a food basket is lowered down to her like supplies into a besieged city.<sup>[13](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/small-change-1976)</sup> Sylvie, another girl, turns the same tactic into a campaign, organizing what amounts to a foodlift among the neighbors to feed herself.<sup>[19](https://time.com/archive/6879786/cinema-state-of-grace/)</sup>\n\nRunning beneath the comedy is a quieter register. Julien Leclou is the ragged, silent boy at the edge of every classroom, the one whose clothes are wrong and whose absences nobody chases. Sent home from school with lice, he is discovered to be living in an abandoned car, starving and neglected, hiding ongoing physical abuse by his mother and grandmother.<sup>[21](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/small-change)</sup> The discovery is handled without music or speeches: social workers and a teacher confronting what everyone in town had the means to notice and none did. Julien is placed in care, and the film reports his improvement without drama, refusing rescue as spectacle.\n\nThe film closes with Richet addressing a parents' meeting. Life is hard, he says, and it is harder for children, who are small, dependent, and powerless, and if kids had the vote the world would be a better and a safer place.<sup>[13](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/small-change-1976)</sup> The last image hands the argument back to the children: a girl writing in her diary about the unfairness of being a child.\n\n### Characters\n\n**Patrick Desmouceaux (Georges Desmouceaux)** is the closest thing to a lead, a boy with a paper route, a bicycle, and a first crush he pursues by buying red roses for a schoolmate's mother. He is the film's image of childhood competence: resourceful, busy, already half in love with the adult world.\n\n**Monsieur Richet (Jean-François Stévenin)** is the schoolteacher, warm and well meaning, who loves his work and improvises it. He gets the film's thesis speech and, in the Julien affair, its clearest example of an adult who finally looks.\n\n**Julien Leclou** is the withdrawn boy in ragged clothes whose silent deterioration runs under the comedy until it surfaces. His discovery is the film's moral turn.\n\n**Sylvie (Virginie Thévenet)** is the self-sufficient girl who feeds herself with a megaphone and a neighborhood foodlift, the film's small-scale rebel.\n\n**Laurence** is the girl with the broken arm whose one-handed pragmatism is treated as its own kind of heroism.\n\n**Gregory** is the toddler of the window ledge, the embodiment of the film's opening argument that children are solid and adults are not.\n\n### Interpretations and controversies\n\nThe tonal gamble of Gregory's fall has divided viewers for decades. Roger Ebert called it Truffaut at his best; other critics find the obviously fake dummy used for the descent glaring, and the scene's comedy at a baby's expense either the film's point or its one misstep.<sup>[13](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/small-change-1976)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[20](http://notcoming.com/reviews/smallchange)</sup> Truffaut himself insisted the film traversed both halves of childhood, saying it dealt with \"the dark\" as well as the light.<sup>[22](https://sensesofcinema.com/2018/cteq/small-change-1976/)</sup> Some viewers find the episodic structure aimless and the closing speech preachy; others find it the most honest shape the material could take.\n\n### Sequels, prequels, and universe\n\nNo sequels exist, but the film has descendants. [Wes Anderson](https://www.edgepedia.org/wes-anderson) paid homage to it in *The Royal Tenenbaums*, basing the sons of [Ben Stiller](https://www.edgepedia.org/ben-stiller)'s character on boys in Truffaut's film, and later chose *Small Change* for a public screening-and-discussion series.<sup>[23](https://spectrumculture.com/2011/06/16/oeuvre-truffaut-small-change-192734/)</sup>\n\n## Structure and stories\n\nThe film has no conventional plot. A term passes at a provincial school, and its episodes follow children from toddlers to teens: a boy called Julien arrives filthy and silent and nobody asks why; a toddler follows a cat along a high window ledge; two small brothers cook their own dinner while their father sleeps; a girl punished by her parents shouts through a megaphone that she has been abandoned; a boy takes a girl to the cinema.<sup>[1](https://europeanscreen.com/titles/small-change/)</sup>\n\nTruffaut described the assembly method himself. He had collected \"true stories concerning childhood\" for years, from newspaper items, confidences, and memories, and had originally planned *L'Argent de poche* as a collection of short stories before turning the material into a film scenario. To avoid the episodic \"sketch film\" formula, he mixed and interwove the actions and characters into what he called a \"unanimist chronicle.\"<sup>[5](https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1976/03/20/l-argent-de-poche-de-francois-truffaut-les-mistons-1976_3124246_1819218.html)</sup> In a 1976 interview he explained the discipline he and Schiffman used: unity of place (a small town) and unity of time (the two months before vacation) held together stories that lacked a unity of action.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup>\n\nTwo strands anchor the film. Patrick Desmouceaux (Georges Desmouceaux) is a boy with a first crush, on the mother of a schoolmate, and a budding interest in girls; Julien Leclou is the impoverished new student whose abusive home life forces him to steal food to survive. The film scholar Anne Gillain, author of *Totally Truffaut*, reads the plot as structured around the complementarity of these two boys, one blond and prone to love infatuations, one dark-haired and abused.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[10](https://academic.oup.com/book/41541/chapter-abstract/352991689)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[11](https://www.justwatch.com/us/movie/small-change)</sup>\n\n**The famous window scene.** Early in the film, a three-year-old pushes the family cat out of a high window, then climbs out himself, dangles, and falls several stories to the ground, landing unscathed and laughing while his mother faints. A neighbor explains: \"Kids are in a state of grace.\" Roger Ebert, the [Pulitzer Prize](https://www.edgepedia.org/pulitzer-prize)-winning film critic of the *Chicago Sun-Times*, called it Truffaut at his best, a scene timed to exist exactly at the border between comedy and tragedy.<sup>[12](https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C946684%2C00.html)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[13](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/small-change-1976)</sup>\n\n## The abused child and the teacher's speech\n\nThe serious center of the film is Julien, who lives in a shack, is abused by his parents, and steals to eat. His mistreatment is finally discovered by his teachers, leading to a concluding speech by Richet to his class in which he attributes his own choice of profession to a bad childhood and declares, \"If kids had the vote, the world would be a better and a safer place.\"<sup>[13](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/small-change-1976)</sup>\n\nTruffaut said the speech expressed his own ideas line by line, and that French reaction split politically: the left thought it too conciliatory, the right thought it too left-wing. He also said the character's political liberalism reflected real change, that teachers had become younger and more liberal than in his own school days, which is why the teachers in *Small Change* are more sympathetic than the one in *The 400 Blows*.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup> Richard Brody of *The New Yorker* reads the film as Truffaut's view of a nation turned progressive and liberal, owing to people who, like the director himself, had been victims of old-school ways.<sup>[3](https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/small-change)</sup>\n\n## Production, title, and reception\n\nTruffaut chose to shoot in Thiers in April 1975 after scouting locations in central France.<sup>[14](https://eac-1d.edu69.ac-lyon.fr/wp-content/uploads/sites/118/2008/09/entretien_avec_F.Truffaut-2.pdf)</sup> The film has about 200 children in its cast, most of them pre-adolescent and all first-time actors, recruited in Paris, Clermont-Ferrand, and Thiers; Truffaut deliberately gave adult roles to little-known actors.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[5](https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1976/03/20/l-argent-de-poche-de-francois-truffaut-les-mistons-1976_3124246_1819218.html)</sup> He did not write dialogue for the child characters, believing adults could not write authentically for children.<sup>[6](https://cineoutsider.co.uk/pocket_money_bluray_review/)</sup> The film's mood also owed something to its circumstances: Truffaut said he made it as a liberation after the oppressive shoot of *Adèle H.*, and that watching the rushes, the children themselves persuaded him to make the film less cruel.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup>\n\nThe English title was not a direct translation. [Roger Corman](https://www.edgepedia.org/roger-corman)'s New World Pictures, which released the film in the United States, could not use \"Pocket Money\" because that title had been used in 1972 for a film starring [Paul Newman](https://www.edgepedia.org/paul-newman) and [Lee Marvin](https://www.edgepedia.org/lee-marvin); *Small Change* was adopted, and Spielberg later suggested it as well.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[6](https://cineoutsider.co.uk/pocket_money_bluray_review/)</sup> The film opened the 14th New York Film Festival.<sup>[12](https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C946684%2C00.html)</sup>\n\nCritics received it warmly. [Pauline Kael](https://www.edgepedia.org/pauline-kael) of *The New Yorker* called it \"that rarity, a poetic comedy that's really funny.\"<sup>[15](https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1976/10/04/charmed-lives)</sup> It opened in France to the best public response Truffaut had had since *The 400 Blows*.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup> Jean Renoir, who saw it in June 1976, told *Film Comment* that he was \"moved to tears\" by it.<sup>[9](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)</sup> On Rotten Tomatoes it holds a 90% Tomatometer from 21 reviews and an 86% audience score.<sup>[16](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/small_change)</sup>\n\n## Other works titled Small Change\n\nTwo other works of 1976 share the title. **Small Change** is also the fourth album by the American singer-songwriter [Tom Waits](https://www.edgepedia.org/tom-waits), released in October 1976 on Asylum and recorded from July 15 to July 29, 1976, at Wally Heider Recording Studio in Hollywood. Backed by a jazz trio of tenor saxophonist Lew Tabackin, bassist Jim Hughart, and drummer Shelly Manne, Waits produced what AllMusic's William Ruhlmann called the archetypal album of his 1970s \"skid row travelogues,\" steeped in whiskey and atmosphere, its 49:28 running time mixing sung numbers with jazzy recited poetry.<sup>[17](https://www.allmusic.com/album/small-change-r21375)</sup>\n\n**Small Change** is also a play by the British playwright Peter Gill, premiered in 1976. Set on the east side of Cardiff in the 1950s, it recalls the friendship between two boys and their relationships with their mothers. Gill himself directed a Donmar Warehouse revival that opened on 15 April 2008, starring [Sue Johnston](https://www.edgepedia.org/sue-johnston), Lindsey Coulson, Luke Evans, and [Matt Ryan](https://www.edgepedia.org/matt-ryan); reviewers in *The Guardian* and *The Daily Telegraph* praised it, while *The Evening Standard*'s Nicholas de Jongh found it one of Gill's less rewarding works.<sup>[18](https://www.londontheatre.co.uk/reviews/small-change)</sup>\n\n## References\n\n1. [Small Change, European Screen](https://europeanscreen.com/titles/small-change/)\n2. [L'Argent de poche, AlloCiné](https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=78285.html)\n3. [Small Change, The New Yorker (Richard Brody)](https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/small-change)\n4. [L'Argent de poche, Larousse, Dictionnaire mondial des films](https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/film/lArgent_de_poche/745)\n5. [\"L'Argent de poche\" de François Truffaut, Le Monde (Jacques Siclier, 20 March 1976)](https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1976/03/20/l-argent-de-poche-de-francois-truffaut-les-mistons-1976_3124246_1819218.html)\n6. [Pocket Money [L'argent de poche], Cine Outsider](https://cineoutsider.co.uk/pocket_money_bluray_review/)\n7. [François Truffaut Collection, mk2 Films](https://mk2films.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/06/francois-truffaut-collection.pdf)\n8. [Small Change (1976), Filmaffinity](https://www.filmaffinity.com/au/film540662.html)\n9. [Kid Stuff: François Truffaut, Film Comment (Joseph McBride and Todd McCarthy, 1976)](https://www.filmcomment.com/article/kid-stuff-francois-truffaut-small-change-interview/)\n10. [Anne Gillain, \"Small Change (1976),\" in Totally Truffaut, Oxford University Press, 2021](https://academic.oup.com/book/41541/chapter-abstract/352991689)\n11. [Small Change (1976), JustWatch](https://www.justwatch.com/us/movie/small-change)\n12. [Cinema: State of Grace, Time (Jay Cocks, 11 October 1976)](https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C946684%2C00.html)\n13. [Small Change movie review, RogerEbert.com (1 January 1976)](https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/small-change-1976)\n14. [Entretien avec François Truffaut, Académie de Lyon pédagogical document](https://eac-1d.edu69.ac-lyon.fr/wp-content/uploads/sites/118/2008/09/entretien_avec_F.Truffaut-2.pdf)\n15. [Charmed Lives, The New Yorker (Pauline Kael, 27 September 1976)](https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1976/10/04/charmed-lives)\n16. [Small Change, Rotten Tomatoes](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/small_change)\n17. [Small Change, Tom Waits, AllMusic (William Ruhlmann)](https://www.allmusic.com/album/small-change-r21375)\n18. [Small Change, Donmar Warehouse 2008, London Theatre reviews](https://www.londontheatre.co.uk/reviews/small-change)\n19. [https://time.com/archive/6879786/cinema-state-of-grace/](https://time.com/archive/6879786/cinema-state-of-grace/)\n20. [http://notcoming.com/reviews/smallchange](http://notcoming.com/reviews/smallchange)\n21. [https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/small-change](https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/small-change)\n22. [https://sensesofcinema.com/2018/cteq/small-change-1976/](https://sensesofcinema.com/2018/cteq/small-change-1976/)\n23. [https://spectrumculture.com/2011/06/16/oeuvre-truffaut-small-change-192734/](https://spectrumculture.com/2011/06/16/oeuvre-truffaut-small-change-192734/)\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Arts and culture › Screen and stage › Film and television › Films and standalone screen works › Individual films by title and year › Comedy and romantic films (individual works) › Comedies of the 1970s › Released 1970 to 1976*\n\n*Initially written Oct 3, 2026 · Reviewed: Oct 3, 2026; Oct 25, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026; Nov 1, 2026 · Last review: Oct 25, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n",
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 "credit": "\"Small Change\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/small-change. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.",
 "credit_md": "\"[Small Change](https://www.edgepedia.org/small-change)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/small-change](https://www.edgepedia.org/small-change). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).",
 "credit_html": "\"<a href=\"https://www.edgepedia.org/small-change\">Small Change</a>\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), <a href=\"https://www.edgepedia.org/small-change\">https://www.edgepedia.org/small-change</a>. <a href=\"https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\">Edgepedia Community License 1.0</a>.",
 "speakable": "Small Change is François Truffaut's 1976 French comedy-drama about children in Thiers; also a 1976 Tom Waits album on Asylum and a Peter Gill play."
}