{ "id": "ep99cn3k5e", "slug": "tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes", "title": "Tomb of Rekhmire at Thebes", "updated": "2026-10-11", "topic_path": [ { "id": "places", "label": "Places and geography", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/places" }, { "id": "places.historical", "label": "Ancient and historical places", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/places.historical" }, { "id": "places.historical.ancient-near-east", "label": "Cities and sites of the ancient Near East, Egypt, and Nubia", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/places.historical.ancient-near-east" }, { "id": "places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/topics/places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt" }, { "id": "places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt.new-kingdom", "label": "New Kingdom: cities, sites, and monuments", "api_url": 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"api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t2021" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t2021.places", "label": "Places and geography", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t2021.places" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t2021.places.historical", "label": "Ancient and historical places", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t2021.places.historical" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east", "label": "Cities and sites of the ancient Near East, Egypt, and Nubia", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt.new-kingdom", "label": "New Kingdom: cities, sites, and monuments", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt.new-kingdom" }, { "id": "geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt.new-kingdom.tombs", "label": "New Kingdom: royal and private tombs", "api_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/api/v1/geo/geo.mena.t2021.places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt.new-kingdom.tombs" } ] } ], "excerpt": "The Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100) is a large rock-cut tomb at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna in Thebes, built for Rekhmire, vizier of Upper Egypt under Thutmose III and Amenhotep II.", "snippet": "The Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100) is a large rock-cut tomb at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna in Thebes, built for Rekhmire, vizier of Upper Egypt under Thutmose III and Amenhotep II.", "node": "places.historical.ancient-near-east.egypt.new-kingdom.tombs.tombs-of-sheikh-abd-el-qurna-and-el-khok.tombs-at-sheikh-abd-el-qurna", "markdown": "# Tomb of Rekhmire at Thebes\n\nThe Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100) is a large, richly painted rock-cut private tomb at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes (modern Luxor), built for Rekhmire, Governor of the Town and vizier of [Upper Egypt](https://www.edgepedia.org/upper-egypt) under the 18th Dynasty pharaohs [Thutmose III](https://www.edgepedia.org/thutmose-iii) and [Amenhotep II](https://www.edgepedia.org/amenhotep-ii).[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) • [2](https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm) Newberry published the tomb owner's name as Rekhmara; Davies and most later literature print Rekh-mi-Re or Rekhmire.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025) • [1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) Its walls carry the most complete vizieral instruction text known from Egypt.[4](https://laciviltaegizia.org/2024/02/22/tt100-tomba-di-rekhmira/) The tomb was never used for burial, and Rekhmire's name was deliberately erased after his death.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies)\n\n| Key fact | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Tomb number and type | TT100, a T-shaped Theban tomb of type Vb (transverse hall plus long corridor ending in a false door with statue niche)[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593) |\n| Location | Lower part of the upper enclosure at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, a little below the tomb of Sennefer (TT96)[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593) • [6](https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100/) |\n| Owner | Rekhmire, Governor of the Town and vizier of Upper Egypt under Thutmose III and Amenhotep II[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) • [2](https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm) |\n| Date of construction | Probably begun in year 46 of Thutmose III and continued for the next 5 or 7 years[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593) |\n| Size | More than ca. 90 cubits in length, with a courtyard 19 m wide and more than 13 m long[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593) |\n| Decoration | Entirely painting on stucco over limestone (except incised lintel, jambs, and false door), amounting to about 750 square yards of texts and scenes[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025) • [1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) |\n| Burial | Never used; the two burial shafts opened in 1894 contained no remains of any kind[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025) |\n\n## Rekhmire and his office\n\nRekhmire held the two chief civil offices of Upper Egypt, Governor of the Town (mayor of Thebes) and vizier, from between year 28 and year 24 (sic) of Thutmose III into the start of the reign of Amenhotep II.[4](https://laciviltaegizia.org/2024/02/22/tt100-tomba-di-rekhmira/) • [1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) As vizier he was responsible for the administration of Egypt from Aswan in the south north to Assiut. He was also Steward of the Temple of Amun at the Karnak complex, and his father and predecessor in office were also viziers.[2](https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm)\n\nThe autobiographical inscription adds two titles that do not occur elsewhere among his attested titles, \"steward of stewards\" and \"steward of [Amun]\".[7](https://fundacionieae.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Gardiner_The_Autobiography_Rekhmere_1925.pdf) The same inscription was the target of a deliberate posthumous attack: the principal titles and Rekhmire's name were intentionally erased, physical evidence that his memory was attacked after his death.[7](https://fundacionieae.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Gardiner_The_Autobiography_Rekhmere_1925.pdf) The mutilation was carried out unevenly, depending on whether the vandals could reach the surfaces. Erasure is complete in the hall and the lowest parts of the passage, but higher up it was generally confined to the name and face, and the destroyed surfaces were covered in indelible red paint. His wife Meryet was similarly but less thoroughly attacked.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies)\n\n## Location and architecture\n\nTT100 lies in the lower part of the upper enclosure at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, near the tombs of contemporary officials and of Rekhmire's family, a little below the tomb of [Sennefer](https://www.edgepedia.org/sennefer-mayor-of-thebes) (TT96) on the south-eastern slope of the hill.[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593) • [6](https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100/) • [2](https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm) It is a typical T-shaped Theban tomb of type Vb, the most common plan for an 18th Dynasty tomb at the site: a transverse hall, followed by a long corridor that ends in a false door with a statue niche.[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593)\n\n**Newberry's measurements** fix the scale of the parts. The facade doorway is 9 feet 6 inches high by 4 feet broad, cut through a wall 8 feet thick. The vestibule measures 67 feet 10 inches long by 7 feet 8 inches wide, with a flat ceiling about 11 feet high.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025) The long narrow passage measures 88 feet 5 inches long by 6 feet 10 inches broad; its ceiling, 9 feet 6 inches high at the doorway, slopes upward parallel with the hillside to exactly 25 feet at the inner end.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025) The axial gallery runs back more than one hundred feet into the hill and reaches more than eight meters in height at the inner end, with an elevated niche whose floor lies nearly six meters above the tomb floor.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) The inner shrine, 18 feet 5 inches above floor level, measures 4 feet 6 inches deep by 3 feet broad, and 5 feet 2 inches high; its granite false door was removed by Champollion and is now in the Louvre.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025)\n\nTwo vertical shafts in the passage floor lead down to sarcophagus chambers about 16 feet deep. Officials of the Gizeh Museum opened both in 1894 and found no remains of any kind in them.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025) The courtyard itself contains no ritual shaft, a feature that has led archaeologists to conclude that Rekhmire was never buried in this tomb.[2](https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm) A Universidad de Córdoba thesis accordingly characterizes TT100 as a tomb-cenotaph that could never be used because of Rekhmire's early disappearance.[8](https://helvia.uco.es/handle/10396/19076)\n\n## The painted decoration\n\nApart from incised hieroglyphs on the doorway lintel, jambs, and false door, the tomb's decoration consists entirely of painting on a thin layer of stucco applied to the limestone.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025) The painted texts and scenes amount to about 750 square yards. On the hall's end walls, the south bay shows the special functions of the vizier and the north bay his control of the estates of Amun.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies)\n\n**The tribute scenes** on the southern end wall opposite the entrance are arranged in five registers, each land rendered with its characteristic goods as scribes record the deliveries.[6](https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100/) From the land of [Punt](https://www.edgepedia.org/punt-ancient-polity) come incense trees (myrrh), gold and precious stones, ivory, a baboon, monkeys, and animal skins.[6](https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100/) The Keftju bring vases, silver, lapis lazuli, and animal-headed amphorae; the men of this procession wear Mycenaean rather than Minoan kilts, suggesting that Mycenaean trade probably began during the reign of Thutmose III.[6](https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100/) Nubians (Kushites) lead a giraffe, a leopard, baboons, monkeys, cattle, dogs, and carry ostrich eggs and feathers. Syrians from the land of Retjenu, in long white robes and pointed beards, bring wagons and horses, a bear and an elephant, weapons, metal vessels, copper ingots, and pottery.[6](https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100/)\n\nOn the opposite side of the tomb, the south-western wall carries five registers depicting the products of Upper Egypt, with text describing the goods, while the adjacent western wall bears the autobiographical text describing Rekhmire's duties as vizier.[2](https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm)\n\n## The Installation of the Vizier\n\nThe \"duties\" text, conventionally called the Installation (or [Investiture](https://www.edgepedia.org/investiture)) of the Vizier, is the most complete surviving vizieral instruction. It covers the consultation of documents, the roles of officials, the criminal registers, control of public works, and the collection of taxes.[4](https://laciviltaegizia.org/2024/02/22/tt100-tomba-di-rekhmira/) The text was already damaged in antiquity and had become ruinous by modern times: Champollion described it as \"presque invisible\" in 1828, and Virey declined to copy it as too effaced for study.[7](https://fundacionieae.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Gardiner_The_Autobiography_Rekhmere_1925.pdf) Alan H. Gardiner, the British philologist and editor of Egyptian texts, published a dedicated edition of the inscription, with transcription and study, in 1925.[7](https://fundacionieae.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Gardiner_The_Autobiography_Rekhmere_1925.pdf)\n\n## By the numbers\n\n- Total length: more than ca. 90 cubits, one of the largest tombs of its time.[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593)\n- Courtyard: 19 meters wide and more than 13 meters long, against a normal contemporary courtyard width of 7 to 14 meters.[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593)\n- Vestibule: 67 feet 10 inches by 7 feet 8 inches, flat ceiling about 11 feet high.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025)\n- Passage: 88 feet 5 inches long by 6 feet 10 inches broad, ceiling rising from 9 feet 6 inches to 25 feet.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025)\n- Decorated surface: about 750 square yards of texts and scenes, roughly 300 square meters of decorated space by another measure.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) • [2](https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm)\n\n## How it compares with other Theban private tombs\n\nA 2023 study of the tomb's architecture argues that Rekhmire intended to emulate and replicate his predecessor Useramun's double funerary structure (TT 131), borrowing and re-sequencing its decorative program in both style and spatial experience. Useramun's tomb measures ca. 70 cubits, which Rekhmire's more than 90 cubits barely exceed, and Useramun's courtyard, like Rekhmire's, had no funerary shaft.[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593) Useramun's courtyard measures 20 meters against Rekhmire's 19 meters, while a normal contemporary courtyard is 7 to 14 meters wide.[5](https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593)\n\n## Excavation and scholarship\n\nRobert Hay made the first records of the decoration in the summer of 1832. G. A. Hoskins, Cailliaud, Wilkinson, and Prisse d'Avennes also copied scenes. The first complete survey of the monument was made by Philippe Virey in 1889, the same year the tomb was protected with an iron door; Percy E. Newberry published his copies in 1900.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) • [4](https://laciviltaegizia.org/2024/02/22/tt100-tomba-di-rekhmira/) The burial shafts were opened by officials of the Gizeh Museum in 1894.[3](https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025)\n\nThe [Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://www.edgepedia.org/metropolitan-museum-of-art) employed Norman de Garis Davies from 1907, and his documentation of TT100, working with his wife Nina and the photographer Harry Burton, lasted until 1940. A volume of the tomb's paintings was published by the MMA in 1935, and the full two-volume publication, *The Tomb of Rekh-mi-Re at Thebes*, appeared posthumously in 1944.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies) • [4](https://laciviltaegizia.org/2024/02/22/tt100-tomba-di-rekhmira/) The standard bibliographic record comprises Sethe's 1909 text edition (Urkunden IV 1042–1173), Gardiner 1925, Davies 1943, Virey 1889, Newberry 1900, Helck 1965, and Kampp 1996; the tomb is cataloged in Porter & Moss I, 206–214.[9](https://pnm.uni-mainz.de/6/inscription/4844) The Davies facsimiles have since gained documentary value, because occupation of the tomb by locals and their cattle obliterated the lowest wall paintings, bat soilure stripped most of the ceilings' surface, and rain leaking through a hole damaged the pictures at the north end of the hall; many details recorded in the facsimiles are now damaged or lost.[1](https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies)\n\n## References\n\n\n1. \"The Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100), Facsimile Paintings by Nina de Garis Davies\", digitalEPIGRAPHY. https://www.digital-epigraphy.com/public/index.php/readings/the-tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100-facsimile-paintings-by-nina-de-garis-davies\n2. \"The Private Tomb of Rekhmire\", Tour Egypt. https://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/rekhmire.htm\n3. Newberry, Percy E., *The Life of Rekhmara, Vezir of Upper Egypt under Thothmes III and Amenhetep II* (Westminster, 1900). https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/newberry1900/0025\n4. \"TT100 – Tomba di Rekhmira\", La Civiltà Egizia (22 February 2024). https://laciviltaegizia.org/2024/02/22/tt100-tomba-di-rekhmira/\n5. \"Architectural Landscape. A New Interpretation of the Sloping Ceiling of Rekhmire's Tomb Chapel (TT 100)\" (2023). https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.11.2023.37593\n6. \"Tomb of Rekhmire (TT100)\", Egyptian Monuments (2009). https://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/02/07/tomb-of-rekhmire-tt100/\n7. Gardiner, Alan H., *The Autobiography of Rekhmere* (1925). https://fundacionieae.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Gardiner_The_Autobiography_Rekhmere_1925.pdf\n8. *La tumba-cenotafio del visir Rej-mi-Re: análisis contextual e iconográfico*, thesis, Universidad de Córdoba. https://helvia.uco.es/handle/10396/19076\n9. \"TT 100\", Persons and Names of the Middle Kingdom and early New Kingdom (PNM), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. https://pnm.uni-mainz.de/6/inscription/4844\n\n---\n*Topic: Encyclopedia › Places and geography › Ancient and historical places › Cities and sites of the ancient Near East, Egypt, and Nubia › Ancient Egypt › New Kingdom: cities, sites, and monuments › New Kingdom: royal and private tombs › Tombs of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna and el-Khokha › Tombs at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna*\n\n*Initially written Sep 19, 2026 · Reviewed: Sep 19, 2026; Sep 30, 2026 · Edited: Oct 11, 2026 · Last review: Sep 30, 2026*\n\n*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*\n\nLicense: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license\n", "same_as": [], "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes", "markdown_url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes.md", "license": { "name": "Edgepedia Community License 1.0", "url": "https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license", "summary": "Free with credit, commercial use included. AI training is open to everyone. For other uses, organizations over USD 100M in revenue or 100M monthly users license separately.", "spdx": "LicenseRef-Edgepedia-Community-1.0" }, "credit": "\"Tomb of Rekhmire at Thebes\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "credit_md": "\"[Tomb of Rekhmire at Thebes](https://www.edgepedia.org/tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes)\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), [https://www.edgepedia.org/tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes](https://www.edgepedia.org/tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes). [Edgepedia Community License 1.0](https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license).", "credit_html": "\"Tomb of Rekhmire at Thebes\", Edgepedia (EdgeChat), https://www.edgepedia.org/tomb-of-rekhmire-at-thebes. Edgepedia Community License 1.0.", "speakable": "The Tomb of Rekhmire is a large rock-cut tomb at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna in Thebes, built for Rekhmire, vizier of Upper Egypt under Thutmose III and Amenhotep II." }