# Battle of Gagron
The Battle of Gagron (गागरोन का युद्ध) was fought in 1519 at Gagron, in present-day [Rajasthan](https://www.edgepedia.org/rajasthan), between the Kingdom of Mewar under [Rana Sanga](https://www.edgepedia.org/rana-sanga) and the Sultanate of Malwa under Sultan Shihab-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II, also called Mahmud Khilji II.[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) • [2](https://dainikgomantak.esakal.com/ampstories/web-stories/gagron-fort-battle-history-rana-sanga-vs-mahmud-khilji-rajasthan-military-water-fort-maj94) Sanga won a decisive victory and the sultan was taken captive.[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946)
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Date | 1519[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) |
| Place | Gagron, in present-day Rajasthan[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) |
| Sides | Kingdom of Mewar vs Sultanate of Malwa[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) |
| Commanders | Rana Sanga of Mewar; Sultan Mahmud Khilji II of Malwa[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) • [2](https://dainikgomantak.esakal.com/ampstories/web-stories/gagron-fort-battle-history-rana-sanga-vs-mahmud-khilji-rajasthan-military-water-fort-maj94) |
| Outcome | Mewar victory; the sultan captured[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) |
## Background and causes
The immediate cause was [Medini Rai](https://www.edgepedia.org/medini-rai), a feudal lord who had rebelled against the sultan of Malwa, Shihab-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II. Sanga nevertheless secured for Medini Rai the territory of [Chanderi](https://www.edgepedia.org/chanderi) and Gagron, and this angered Mahmud Khilji II, who planned an attack on Mewar.[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946)
## Course of events
Sanga was victorious, and the sultan was captured.[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) The account of the engagement records that the sultan's forces could not withstand the furious Rajput onslaught, and the battle ended in the sultan's capture.[3](https://rajras.in/battle-dholpur-and-gagron/)
Sanga was wounded in the fighting: an arrow pierced the armor on his left arm, and his physician amputated the arm to save his life, because poison risked spreading through the body.[4](https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/c0r5vg1422yo)
## Outcome and losses
The battle resulted in the sultan's capture.[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946) Sanga took Mahmud captive to Chittor.[4](https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/c0r5vg1422yo) Sanga had earlier lost an arm in the Battle of Khatoli against [Ibrahim Lodi](https://www.edgepedia.org/ibrahim-lodi), not at Gagron.[4](https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/c0r5vg1422yo) • [7](https://digital.nios.ac.in/content/375en/MILITARY%20HISTORY%20BOOK%201.pdf)
Dating deserves a note: the historian Satish Chandra, in his *History of Medieval India*, dates the battle in which Sanga captured the Malwa ruler [Mahmud II](https://www.edgepedia.org/mahmud-ii) and brought him to Chittor to 1517, while also referring to the battle of Gagron in 1519.[4](https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/c0r5vg1422yo) Other accounts place the battle in 1519.[1](https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946)
## Consequences and political influence
The victory transformed the balance between Mewar and Malwa. After it, Sanga's influence extended as far as the river Paliyakhar, flowing near Agra.[4](https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/c0r5vg1422yo)
The battlefield itself remained a contested site long after: Gagron fort saw a total of 14 battles, and it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 21 June 2013 at the [World Heritage Committee](https://www.edgepedia.org/world-heritage-committee) meeting in [Phnom Penh](https://www.edgepedia.org/phnom-penh), Cambodia.[5](https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/world-heritage-week-know-here-the-history-of-gagron-fort-of-jhalawar-and-why-it-became-world-heritage-rajasthan-news-rjs24112203869)
## Historians' assessment
Satish Chandra's dating of the capture of Mahmud II to 1517, alongside his reference to Gagron in 1519, leaves the chronology of Sanga's Malwa campaigns unsettled in the available literature.[4](https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/c0r5vg1422yo) Rana Sanga's wars have also become the subject of political controversy in recent public debate, in which competing interpretations of his record, including his defeat by Babur at Khanwa, are used for different ideological purposes.[6](https://www.patrika.com/opinion/rana-sanga-vs-babur-politics-war-and-truth-of-history-19532788)
## References
1. Battle of Gagron: गागरोन की भूमि पर हुआ था खिलजी-महाराणा सांगा के बीच युद्ध, Rajasthan One, https://www.rajasthanone.com/rajasthan-history/news/battle-of-gagron-1519-fight-between-rana-sangha-and-mahmud-khalji-know-history-946
2. गागरोनचा लढाई - राणा संगा विरुद्ध महमूद खिलजी, Dainik Gomantak, https://dainikgomantak.esakal.com/ampstories/web-stories/gagron-fort-battle-history-rana-sanga-vs-mahmud-khilji-rajasthan-military-water-fort-maj94
3. Battle of Dholpur and Gagron, RajRAS, https://rajras.in/battle-dholpur-and-gagron/
4. बाबर ने खानवा की लड़ाई में राणा सांगा को कैसे हराया?, BBC News Hindi, https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/c0r5vg1422yo
5. अचलदास खिंची की वीरता और हिंदू-मुस्लिम एकता का प्रतीक है गागरोन, ETV Bharat, https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/world-heritage-week-know-here-the-history-of-gagron-fort-of-jhalawar-and-why-it-became-world-heritage-rajasthan-news-rjs24112203869
6. राणा सांगा बनाम बाबर: राजनीति, युद्ध और इतिहास की सच्चाई, Patrika, https://www.patrika.com/opinion/rana-sanga-vs-babur-politics-war-and-truth-of-history-19532788
7. digital.nios.ac.in, https://digital.nios.ac.in/content/375en/MILITARY%20HISTORY%20BOOK%201.pdf
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*Topic: Encyclopedia › Society and history › History and archaeology › Asian history › India and South Asia › Rajput kingdoms (650 to 1800) › Wars and events*
*Initially written Sep 23, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 25, 2026*
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License: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license