# Carinthia

**Carinthia** (German: Kärnten; Slovene: Koroška) is the southernmost and fifth-largest state (Bundesland) of Austria, with an area of 9,537 km² and 570,095 inhabitants as of 1 January 2025.<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup> It borders Slovenia over 170 km and Italy over 109 km, with the tri-border point at Arnoldstein.<sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup> The name also refers to the historical Duchy of Carinthia, which became a duchy in its own right in 976 from the earlier principality of Carantania.<sup>[10](https://kids.britannica.com/scholars/article/K%C3%A4rnten/44759)</sup>

| Key fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Area and population | 9,537 km²; 570,095 inhabitants (+0.06%) on 1 January 2025, fifth-largest and southernmost Austrian state<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup> |
| Borders | 170 km with Slovenia, 109 km with Italy; tri-border point at Arnoldstein<sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup> |
| Highest point | Großglockner, 3,798 m, the highest mountain in both Carinthia and Austria<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup> |
| Economy | Gross regional product €28,270 million in 2024, about €49,600 per inhabitant<sup>[3](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)</sup> |
| Tourism | 13,139 thousand overnight stays in 2024; 12.9 million in 1997, of which 94.6% in summer<sup>[3](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)</sup> |
| Slovene minority | 2.4% of Carinthians gave Slovene as their everyday language at the last census; settlement area in southern Carinthia<sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup> |
| 1920 plebiscite | 59.1% of votes in Zone A for Austria on 10 October 1920, the only plebiscite to fix the border of the new Austrian Republic<sup>[5](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carinthia)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[6](https://doi.org/10.4000/austriaca.376)</sup> |

## Geography and climate

The Hohe Tauern and Gurktal Alps frame the north, the Carnic Alps and Karawanken the south, and the Saualpe and Koralpe the east; the west rises to the Lienz Dolomites and Schober Mountains.<sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)</sup> The state's highest elevation, also Austria's, is the Großglockner at 3,798 m, and twelve Alpine passes between 955 and 2,504 m cross the ranges.<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup> The Karawanken/Karavanke range forms the physical-geographical border toward Slovenia, and the main communication corridors cross the province in northwest–southeast and northeast–southwest directions.<sup>[7](https://epub.oeaw.ac.at/0xc1aa500e_0x00343bb9.pdf)</sup>

The east-flowing Drau (Drava) river bisects the province and becomes the Drava when it enters Slovenia; Villach is the biggest road and rail junction in the eastern Alps, and Klagenfurt is the capital.<sup>[8](https://www.frommers.com/destinations/carinthia/)</sup> Settlement concentrates along this corridor: the economic hub around Klagenfurt and Villach holds 48% of the population on 21.3% of the land area.<sup>[9](https://circabc.europa.eu/webdav/CircaBC/ESTAT/regportraits/Information/at21_geo.htm)</sup> [Land use](https://www.edgepedia.org/land-use) is heavily wooded, with 52.9% forest, a fifth agricultural, and 15.8% alpine pastures; 56.8% of the territory lies above 1,000 m.<sup>[9](https://circabc.europa.eu/webdav/CircaBC/ESTAT/regportraits/Information/at21_geo.htm)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)</sup> Water is abundant: four large lakes (Wörthersee, Ossiacher See, Millstätter See, and Weißensee), about 2,000 small lakes covering 60 km², 38 glaciers covering 80 km², and 130 moors covering 42 km².<sup>[4](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)</sup> The state counts at least 1,270 water basins, 200 of them warm lakes suitable for swimming, most with drinking-water quality.<sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup> Climate splits along altitude: the Klagenfurt basin and larger valleys have an Illyrian (mild continental) climate, while the Alps have a humid-cool to humid-cold [Alpine climate](https://www.edgepedia.org/alpine-climate).<sup>[9](https://circabc.europa.eu/webdav/CircaBC/ESTAT/regportraits/Information/at21_geo.htm)</sup>

## History

Carinthia emerged as a duchy in its own right in 976, from the earlier principality of Carantania, and passed to the Habsburgs, becoming a crown land in 1335; after the collapse of [Austria-Hungary](https://www.edgepedia.org/austria-hungary) it was made a Bundesland in 1918.<sup>[10](https://kids.britannica.com/scholars/article/K%C3%A4rnten/44759)</sup>

**The 1920 plebiscite.** After World War I, 128 square miles of Carinthian territory were ceded to [Yugoslavia](https://www.edgepedia.org/yugoslavia) and 172 square miles to Italy.<sup>[10](https://kids.britannica.com/scholars/article/K%C3%A4rnten/44759)</sup> The remaining contested area around Gutenstein/Ravne went to the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.<sup>[7](https://epub.oeaw.ac.at/0xc1aa500e_0x00343bb9.pdf)</sup> For the rest, the border of the new Austrian Republic was decided by the only plebiscite it ever used, held on 10 October 1920.<sup>[6](https://doi.org/10.4000/austriaca.376)</sup> The vote was organized to determine whether an ethnically and linguistically heterogeneous part of south-east Carinthia would join the new German-Austrian rump state or the new Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs (SHS).<sup>[11](https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.45.2020.4.309-346)</sup> It was administered in two zones: Zone I (A) covered 667 sq. mi. with 72,138 inhabitants (1910), of whom 31.5% were German; Zone II (B) covered 132 sq. mi. with 58,600 inhabitants, 89.7% German.<sup>[5](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carinthia)</sup> Voting in Zone I on 10 October 1920 produced a 59.1% majority for Austria, so Zone II went Austrian as well.<sup>[5](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carinthia)</sup> The plebiscite was administered by a U.S.-led commission and accompanied by fierce propaganda.<sup>[12](https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vv4c23p/qt9vv4c23p.pdf)</sup>

The result has been reinterpreted. Ethnic or linguistic Slovenes constituted a majority of almost 70 percent within the referendum zone, yet more than 59 percent of voters opted for Austria; ecological inference modeling indicates that more than 13,000 Slovenes, roughly 60 percent of Slovene voters, voted for Austria, rather than the roughly 10,000 reported in the nationalist narrative.<sup>[11](https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.45.2020.4.309-346)</sup> An onomastic study gives a similar figure of about 12,000 Slovenes (40% of them) voting to remain.<sup>[13](https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Onomastica/article/download/369733/463480/)</sup> The memory of the Abwehrkampf (defensive struggle of 1918–19) and the Volksabstimmung form, according to the historian Valentin Sima, the origin myth of the "Carinthian nation".<sup>[6](https://doi.org/10.4000/austriaca.376)</sup>

## Politics and the Slovene minority

The legal basis for minority protection is Article 7 of the 1955 [Austrian State Treaty](https://www.edgepedia.org/austrian-state-treaty), which listed the autochthonous minorities of Austria, including the Slovenes of Carinthia, and stipulated protective measures for them as groups.<sup>[12](https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vv4c23p/qt9vv4c23p.pdf)</sup> Implementing it produced the long-running Ortstafelstreit, the dispute over bilingual topographical signs. A 1972 attempt to erect bilingual town signs triggered the "Ortstafelsturm" (Road Sign Storm), in which signs were torn down without resolute intervention from the police or politicians.<sup>[13](https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Onomastica/article/download/369733/463480/)</sup> In 2001 the Constitutional Court (VfGH) ended the 34-year legal stalemate by finding the 25% minority-population threshold of the 1976 Topographieverordnung too high.<sup>[12](https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vv4c23p/qt9vv4c23p.pdf)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[14](https://www.autonomyexperience.org/en/compendium/letter-c/)</sup>

**The 2011 compromise.** After ten years of negotiations, the Ethnic Groups Act amendment of July 2011 (Federal Law Gazette 46/2011) specified 164 communes that must carry bilingual town signs, using a 17.5% threshold as a "middle-way approach between 10% and 25%"; villages with fewer than 30 inhabitants were excluded for data-privacy reasons.<sup>[13](https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Onomastica/article/download/369733/463480/)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[15](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ungegn/sessions/2nd_session_2021/documents/GEGN.2_2021_71_CRP71_12_communal_autonomy.pdf)</sup> The parallel [Memorandum](https://www.edgepedia.org/memorandum) on bilingual topographical signs was signed on 26 April 2011 in Klagenfurt by the Austrian Federal Government, the Carinthian Provincial Government, and three Carinthian Slovene organizations; it also contains an "open clause" allowing municipalities to add further signs, which was applied in only a handful of cases in the first ten years.<sup>[16](https://www.gov.si/en/news/2021-04-26-10th-anniversary-of-the-memorandum-on-bilingual-topographical-signs-in-carinthia/)</sup> A December 2016 Federal Chancellery legal statement found no constitutional obligation to render street names bilingually, though constitutional law does not counter such an approach.<sup>[15](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ungegn/sessions/2nd_session_2021/documents/GEGN.2_2021_71_CRP71_12_communal_autonomy.pdf)</sup> In 2017 the Carinthian Constitution confirmed the historical presence of the Slovenian community, stating that "language and cultural diversity in Austrian Carinthia is reflected in the Slovenian national community".<sup>[16](https://www.gov.si/en/news/2021-04-26-10th-anniversary-of-the-memorandum-on-bilingual-topographical-signs-in-carinthia/)</sup> In September 2025, Carinthia and Slovenia agreed to continue recruiting teachers from Slovenia for Carinthia's bilingual areas and to develop Slovenian language teaching and multilingual education models there.<sup>[17](https://www.gov.si/en/news/2025-09-10-carinthia-and-slovenia-intensify-cooperation-on-key-issues-for-the-future/)</sup>

The dispute has a political history. Governor [Jörg Haider](https://www.edgepedia.org/jorg-haider) staged an "Ornstafelverrückung", repositioning contested street signs by a meter or two as a performance responding to court rulings on bilingual signs.<sup>[12](https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vv4c23p/qt9vv4c23p.pdf)</sup> On 10 October 2017, at joint commemorations with Carinthian Slovene representatives, Social Democratic governor Peter Kaiser called the plebiscite one of the greatest moments of the country's history, a marked change of tone from the older exclusionary narrative.<sup>[6](https://doi.org/10.4000/austriaca.376)</sup>

**Language today.** At the last census 2.4 percent of Carinthians gave Slovene as their everyday language, with the Slovene community's settlement area in southern Carinthia.<sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup> Specialist estimates differ: by the mid-19th century about 30% of Carinthians spoke Slovenian, a share that has fallen to around 3% today but reaches about 13% in the bilingual territory, where more than 40% of pupils in bilingual schools participate in Slovenian language education programs, up from 15–20% twenty years earlier.<sup>[13](https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Onomastica/article/download/369733/463480/)</sup> Steinicke (2001) estimated around 50,000 Carinthians with Slovene mother tongue, and official colloquial-language census data were last collected in 2001.<sup>[7](https://epub.oeaw.ac.at/0xc1aa500e_0x00343bb9.pdf)</sup> Southern Carinthia was 20.7% Slovenophone in 1910.<sup>[6](https://doi.org/10.4000/austriaca.376)</sup> Municipalities with a majority of Slovene-speaking population include Zell (93%) and Globasnitz (52%), and Carinthia has the largest Protestant proportion of any Austrian state except [Burgenland](https://www.edgepedia.org/burgenland), at 10.6%.<sup>[4](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)</sup>

## Economy

Carinthia's gross regional product was €28,280 million in 2023 and €28,270 million in 2024, or €49,700 and €49,600 per inhabitant respectively.<sup>[3](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)</sup> In 2024 the state showed moderate GDP growth with slowly declining employment; its main industries are electronics, mechanical engineering, and renewable energies, with the export sector contributing most to rising industrial production.<sup>[18](https://carinthia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Whitepaper_business_opportunities_in_Carinthia_2024.pdf)</sup> [Employment](https://www.edgepedia.org/employment) is concentrated in services: public-sector and related activities (O–Q) account for 26% and trade, transport, and accommodation (G–I) for 25% of employment.<sup>[19](https://www.iz.sk/en/projects/eu-regions/AT21)</sup> Employment relationships numbered 223,075 in 2023 and 220,904 in 2025, and the unemployment rate (Labour Force concept) was 4.5% in 2023, 4.3% in 2024, and 4.8% in 2025, with youth unemployment at 9.5% in 2025.<sup>[3](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)</sup> The Koralm Railway will significantly shorten travel time between Klagenfurt and Graz, strengthening the connection to the European economic area.<sup>[18](https://carinthia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Whitepaper_business_opportunities_in_Carinthia_2024.pdf)</sup>

## By the numbers

Carinthia's population rose from 557,641 on 1 January 2015 to 570,095 on 1 January 2025, with 570,167 projected for 2026.<sup>[3](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)</sup> Growth is demographic in name only: in 2024 the state recorded 4,083 births (−3.2%) and 6,318 deaths (−2.4%), a natural deficit of 2,235, a negative trend continuing since 1999.<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup> Statistik Austria projects the population falling to about 560,982 in 2040 and 536,317 in 2060, 5.9% below the 2025 level.<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup> Density is 60.9 inhabitants per km² (2024) and the old-age dependency ratio 38.3 (2025).<sup>[19](https://www.iz.sk/en/projects/eu-regions/AT21)</sup> Administratively the state is divided into ten political districts, 132 municipalities, and 2,826 localities, with Klagenfurt and Villach as statutory cities.<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup> The state border length is 283.2 km and the external boundary totals 409.8 km.<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup>

## How it compares with other Austrian states

Among the nine Länder, Carinthia ranks fifth by area and is mid-sized by population: 569,835 in a 2024 official comparison, against Styria's 1,272,195, [Upper Austria](https://www.edgepedia.org/upper-austria)'s 1,537,669, and Salzburg's 573,748; the capital Klagenfurt has 104,862 inhabitants.<sup>[20](https://www.migration.gv.at/en/living-and-working-in-austria/austria-at-a-glance/geography-and%20population/)</sup> GDP per capita runs at 96% of the EU average (PPP).<sup>[9](https://circabc.europa.eu/webdav/CircaBC/ESTAT/regportraits/Information/at21_geo.htm)</sup> Its 13.1 million overnight stays in 2024 and its bilingual character are distinctive: it is the only Austrian state whose border with a South Slavic state was fixed by plebiscite and whose constitution names a Slovenian national community.<sup>[3](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[16](https://www.gov.si/en/news/2021-04-26-10th-anniversary-of-the-memorandum-on-bilingual-topographical-signs-in-carinthia/)</sup>

## Culture and tourism

**The warm-lake summer.** Lake Wörthersee, the widest and most famous of the Carinthian lakes, covers 1,939 ha and is exceeded in depth and volume only by the Millstätter See, which reaches a maximum depth of 141 m.<sup>[1](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[2](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)</sup> Tourism is summer-dominant: in 1997 the state recorded 12.9 million overnight stays, 94.6% of them in summer, down from 17.7 million in 1992–93.<sup>[4](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)</sup> Recent totals are 13,180 thousand overnight stays in 2023, 13,139 thousand in 2024, and 13,046 thousand in 2025.<sup>[3](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)</sup> In the Klopeiner See–Lavanttal region in the east, the bathing season starts in May, when the lakes become hubs for swimming, stand-up paddleboarding, canoeing, boating, and fishing.<sup>[21](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/journey-through-austrias-lakelands-carinthia-region)</sup> Cross-border tourism products now under discussion with Slovenia include a Drava/Drau paddling trail, a "Graz–Maribor–Villach" cycling project, and a cross-border mountain-bike trail.<sup>[17](https://www.gov.si/en/news/2025-09-10-carinthia-and-slovenia-intensify-cooperation-on-key-issues-for-the-future/)</sup>

**Hydroelectric legacy.** Several power stations on the Drau supply electricity, and in 1997 Carinthia produced 4,437 million kWh, about 12% of Austrian power generation, largely from the Draukraftwerke hydroelectric plants.<sup>[9](https://circabc.europa.eu/webdav/CircaBC/ESTAT/regportraits/Information/at21_geo.htm)</sup><sup> • </sup><sup>[4](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)</sup>

## References

1. [Statistisches Handbuch des Landes Kärnten 2025, Land Kärnten](https://www.ktn.gv.at/DE/repos/files/ktn.gv.at/Abteilungen/Abt1/Dateien/PDF/Statistik/Publikationen_Stat/Statistisches_Handbuch/Handbuch2025_2.pdf?exp=1733515&fps=c55302ef713c5fd3a921085c64cf6a4e9b3f5af3)
2. [Carinthia — Land Kärnten (official English site)](https://www.ktn.gv.at/English)
3. [Bundeslandprofil Kärnten, WKO (data from Statistik Austria)](https://www.wko.at/ktn/statistik/bundesland/bl-profil-k.pdf)
4. [Kärnten, AEIOU Austria Encyclopedia](https://www.aeiou.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k175750.htm;internal&action=_setlanguage.action?LANGUAGE=en)
5. [Carinthia, 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica (Wikisource)](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carinthia)
6. [Automne 1918 en Carinthie, Austriaca no. 87 (2018)](https://doi.org/10.4000/austriaca.376)
7. [The Alps-Adriatic Region: Recent Ethnodemographic Developments, Austrian Academy of Sciences](https://epub.oeaw.ac.at/0xc1aa500e_0x00343bb9.pdf)
8. [Carinthia Travel Guide, Frommer's](https://www.frommers.com/destinations/carinthia/)
9. [KÄRNTEN — Geography and history, Eurostat regional portrait](https://circabc.europa.eu/webdav/CircaBC/ESTAT/regportraits/Information/at21_geo.htm)
10. [Kärnten, Britannica](https://kids.britannica.com/scholars/article/K%C3%A4rnten/44759)
11. ["Kärnten" = Austria, "Koroška" = Yugoslavia? A Novel Perspective on the 1920 Carinthian Plebiscite, Historical Social Research 45/2020](https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.45.2020.4.309-346)
12. [Bilingual Signs in Carinthia: International Treaties, the Ortstafelstreit, and the Spaces of German (eScholarship)](https://escholarship.org/content/qt9vv4c23p/qt9vv4c23p.pdf)
13. [Slovenian place names in Carinthia, Heinz-Dieter Pohl (Onomastica)](https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Onomastica/article/download/369733/463480/)
14. [Letter C — Autonomy Experience Südtirol](https://www.autonomyexperience.org/en/compendium/letter-c/)
15. [Utilization of communal autonomy for implementing additional bilingual names in Carinthia, UN GEGN working paper](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ungegn/sessions/2nd_session_2021/documents/GEGN.2_2021_71_CRP71_12_communal_autonomy.pdf)
16. [10th anniversary of the Memorandum on bilingual topographical signs in Carinthia, GOV.SI](https://www.gov.si/en/news/2021-04-26-10th-anniversary-of-the-memorandum-on-bilingual-topographical-signs-in-carinthia/)
17. [Carinthia and Slovenia intensify cooperation on key issues for the future, GOV.SI (2025)](https://www.gov.si/en/news/2025-09-10-carinthia-and-slovenia-intensify-cooperation-on-key-issues-for-the-future/)
18. [Business Opportunities in Carinthia, 2024 whitepaper](https://carinthia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Whitepaper_business_opportunities_in_Carinthia_2024.pdf)
19. [Carinthia – AT21, Employment Institute](https://www.iz.sk/en/projects/eu-regions/AT21)
20. [Geography and population, migration.gv.at](https://www.migration.gv.at/en/living-and-working-in-austria/austria-at-a-glance/geography-and%20population/)
21. [On a journey through the lakelands of Austria's Carinthia region, National Geographic](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/journey-through-austrias-lakelands-carinthia-region)

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*Topic: Encyclopedia › Places and geography › Administrative and cadastral territories › First-order subdivisions › Provinces of Italy*

*Initially written Sep 17, 2026 · Reviewed: Oct 21, 2026 · Edited: Oct 15, 2026; Oct 21, 2026 · Last review: Oct 21, 2026*

*Copyright 2026 EdgeChat AI, a subsidiary of Biostate AI.*

License: Edgepedia Community License 1.0, https://www.edgepedia.org/edgepedia/license