864 articles
(CBT) study
(CBT) study: the PanicDoc open-label randomized controlled trial of app-based CBT for panic disorder versus guided psychoeducation; 52 patients, PDSS improvement (LSMD −3.71), 80.8% completion, no serious adverse events.
15q11q13 microduplication syndrome
15q11q13 microduplication syndrome (dup15q, idic(15)) is a neurodevelopmental disorder from extra maternally inherited copies of 15q11.2-q13.1, causing hypotonia, intellectual disability, ASD, language delay, and epilepsy; paternal duplications are usually mild or silent.
420 (cannabis culture)
420 (4:20, 4/20) is cannabis-culture slang for consuming marijuana at 4:20 p.m. and for the April 20 holiday. It was coined in 1971 by the Waldos at San Rafael High School and spread via Grateful Dead fans and High Times.
A Million Little Pieces
A Million Little Pieces is James Frey's 2003 addiction memoir, published by Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, an Oprah's Book Club bestseller exposed in 2006 by The Smoking Gun as partly fabricated and now classed as a novel.
Abulia
Abulia (aboulia), ICD-11 MG43.2, is a neuropsychiatric state of poverty of behavior and speech, lack of initiative, and reduced emotional response, caused by frontal-subcortical dopaminergic circuit dysfunction, intermediate between apathy and akinetic mutism.
Acamprosate
Acamprosate (Campral), the calcium salt of N-acetylhomotaurine, is an NMDA-modulating drug for maintaining abstinence in alcohol use disorder; FDA approved 2004, WHO Essential Medicines List 2023, modest efficacy versus placebo, comparable to naltrexone.
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a psychotherapy developed by Steven C. Hayes in the early 1980s that uses acceptance, mindfulness, and values to build psychological flexibility.
Acrophobia
Acrophobia, fear of heights, is a specific phobia (ICD-10, DSM-V) with 3.1–6.4% lifetime prevalence, part of a spectrum including visual height intolerance (28% of adults), treated mainly with behavioral and VR exposure therapy.
Acute and transient psychotic disorder
Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD), ICD-10 F23 and ICD-11 6A23, a brief psychotic illness with onset within 2 weeks, rapid symptom fluctuation, remission within 3 months; DSM-5 counterpart is brief psychotic disorder.
Acute opioid intoxication
Acute opioid intoxication is a transient condition during or shortly after opioid use, marked by disturbed consciousness, cognition, perception, or coordination; severe cases shade into overdose, treated with naloxone.
Acute stress disorder
Acute stress disorder (ASD) is a DSM diagnosis, introduced in DSM-IV in 1994, for pathological stress reactions in the first month after trauma; DSM-5 removed its PTSD-predictive role, and trauma-focused CBT is the treatment of choice.
Addiction
Addiction: chronic impaired control over substance use or behaviors, the severe end of DSM-5 substance use disorder and ICD-11 disorders due to substance use; involves dopamine and prefrontal brain changes, treated with medications plus behavioral therapy.
Addictive behaviors
Addictive behaviors: repeated, hard-to-control excessive engagement with substances or activities, spanning substance and behavioral addictions; gambling and gaming disorders are the only diagnostically recognized behavioral addictions.
Addictive personality
Addictive personality: a popular but unconfirmed hypothesis of a trait set predicting addiction. Not a DSM-5-TR diagnosis; research links neuroticism, low conscientiousness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking to risk, but no trait predicts addiction alone.
Adicciones
Adicciones (ISSN 0214-4840) is a Spanish peer-reviewed open-access addiction research journal founded in 1989 by Socidrogalcohol, publishing quarterly in Spanish and English, indexed in SSCI, SCIE, Scopus, and MEDLINE.
Adjustment disorder
Adjustment disorder (F43.2x) is a trauma- and stressor-related mental disorder with emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor; DSM-5-TR subtypes include depressed mood, anxiety, and mixed forms, with talk therapy as first-line treatment.
Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Adult ADHD is persistent or newly recognized attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults, defined by DSM-5 behavioral criteria with childhood onset, affecting about 6% of U.S. adults, treated with stimulants, atomoxetine, and CBT.
Affluenza
Affluenza, a blend of affluence and influenza, is a popular term for the psychological and behavioral harms of wealth and overconsumption, known through the 2001 de Graaf book and the Ethan Couch affluenza defense.
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder involving marked fear of two or more situations, such as public transport, open or enclosed spaces, crowds, or leaving home alone, where escape seems difficult; formerly tied to panic disorder, it became an independent DSM-5 diagnosis with about 1%–1.7% annual prevalence.
AHDC1-related intellectual disability-obstructive sleep apnea-mild dysmorphism syndrome
AHDC1-related intellectual disability-obstructive sleep apnea-mild dysmorphism syndrome, also called Xia-Gibbs syndrome (MIM 615829), is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder from de novo truncating AHDC1 variants, causing developmental delay, hypotonia, sleep apnea, and dysmorphism.
AI-induced psychosis
AI-induced psychosis, also called AI psychosis or AI-associated psychosis, is a proposed phenomenon of delusions appearing or worsening after intensive LLM chatbot use; not a formal diagnosis, with evidence from case reports, EHR studies, and sycophancy research.
Ailurophobia
Ailurophobia, also called felinophobia or gatophobia, is the persistent fear of cats, classified as DSM-5 specific phobia, animal type. Coined 1905 from Greek ailouros; treated mainly with graded exposure therapy.
Al-Anon/Alateen
Al-Anon/Alateen (Al-Anon Family Groups) is a Twelve-Step mutual support fellowship founded in 1951 by Lois W. for people affected by someone else's drinking, with Alateen (1957) for teens; 22,452 groups in 135 countries as of 2026.
Alcohol (drug)
Alcohol (ethanol, CH3CH2OH) is the psychoactive, dependence-producing drug in beer, wine, and spirits; WHO attributes 2.6 million deaths in 2019 to it, and no consumption level is risk-free.
Alcohol abuse
Alcohol abuse, now diagnosed as alcohol use disorder (AUD, formerly alcoholism, harmful use), is problematic drinking causing impairment or distress; DSM-5-TR uses 11 symptoms, WHO links alcohol to over 200 conditions.
Alcohol and Native Americans
Alcohol and Native Americans: history, genetics, epidemiology, law, and treatment of alcohol use among American Indian/Alaska Native peoples; higher abstinence than US average, no distinctive alcohol-metabolism genetics, but elevated alcohol-attributable mortality.
Alcohol and sex
Alcohol and sex: the relationship between drinking and sexual behavior, arousal, condom use, and sexual assault. Key findings: alcohol causally raises unprotected-sex intentions (d+ 0.24-0.35), but event-level condom use effects are context-dependent.
Alcohol dependence
Alcohol dependence, also called alcoholism, is the DSM-IV and ICD-11 diagnosis of maladaptive drinking with tolerance and withdrawal; DSM-5-TR subsumes it into moderate or severe alcohol use disorder.
Alcohol tolerance
Alcohol tolerance: diminished response to alcohol with repeated exposure; innate vs acquired (acute, rapid, chronic) forms, metabolic and functional mechanisms, historically an AUD diagnostic criterion and a risk marker for alcohol use disorder.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, also called delirium tremens in its severe form, is CNS hyperexcitability after stopping heavy drinking, with tremor, seizures, and delirium; benzodiazepines are first-line treatment.