'Ndrangheta
The 'Ndrangheta is the Calabrian mafia, one of Italy's three traditional mafias. Family-based 'ndrina clans, Greek-derived contested name, dominant in Europe's cocaine trade, estimated revenue up to US$60 billion.
1261
1261: the year Byzantines retook Constantinople from the Latin Empire and Michael VIII signed the Treaty of Nymphaeum, granting Genoa tax-exempt Levantine and Black Sea trade at Venice's expense.
14K (十四K) (triad)
14K (十四K) is a Hong Kong triad society founded in the mid-1940s by the Kuomintang under General Kot Siu Wong, headquartered at 14 Po Wah Road, Canton, with 36 branches; now one of Hong Kong's three largest triads alongside Sun Yee On and Wo Shing Wo.
1824 Constitution of Mexico
The 1824 Constitution of Mexico, formally the Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States, promulgated after the fall of Iturbide's empire, divided Mexico into sovereign states and lasted until 1836.
1862 Mankato mass execution
The 1862 Mankato mass execution: 38 Dakota men hanged December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota, after flawed military trials following the U.S.-Dakota War; the largest mass execution in U.S. history.
187 (slang)
187 is American slang for murder, from Section 187 of the California Penal Code. Popularized by 1992's "Deep Cover" and West Coast hip-hop; not a ten-code, and official only in California.
18th Street gang
18th Street gang (Barrio 18, M-18): Los Angeles street gang, formed in the 1960s Rampart area per CRS/GAO accounts (AP attributes it to Salvadorans), rival of MS-13, spread to Central America via 1996-era deportations, split into Revolucionarios and Sureños, designated a foreign terrorist organization in 2025.
1923 in the United States
1923 in the United States: Harding's death and Coolidge's succession, Taft Court landmark decisions Adkins, Meyer v. Nebraska, and Moore v. Dempsey, founding of the American Law Institute, and Gibran's The Prophet.
1926 Slavery Convention
The 1926 Slavery Convention, signed at Geneva on 25 September 1926 under the League of Nations, was the first international treaty against slavery and the slave trade; amended by the 1953 Protocol, it has 99 parties.
1940 Constitution of Cuba
The 1940 Constitution of Cuba (Constitución de 1940) organized Cuba as an independent, democratic republic with extensive social rights, remaining in force until Batista's 1952 coup.
1947 Constitution of Burma
The 1947 Constitution of Burma was the founding constitution of the independent Union of Burma, in force from independence on 4 January 1948 until the 1962 military coup.
1960 Cuban Urban Reform Law
The 1960 Cuban Urban Reform Law, or Ley de Reforma Urbana, transferred ownership of rented urban housing to tenants in October 1960, ending private renting in Cuba.
1963 Camden PA-24 crash
1963 Camden PA-24 crash: Piper PA-24-250 Comanche N7000P, Patsy Cline crash, killed Cline, Hawkshaw Hawkins, Cowboy Copas, and pilot Randy Hughes on March 5, 1963 near Camden, Tennessee; CAB cause was VFR flight into IMC with spatial disorientation.
1964 Constitution of Afghanistan
The 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan, promulgated 1 October 1964 under King Mohammed Zahir Shah, made Afghanistan a constitutional monarchy and stood until Mohammad Daoud Khan's coup abolished it in 1973.
1966 Dominican Republic constitutional reform
The 1966 Dominican Republic constitutional reform produced the constitution proclaimed on 28 November 1966, combining liberal and authoritarian traditions after the 1965 civil war and US intervention.
1971 in the United Kingdom
1971 in the United Kingdom: year of Decimal Day (15 February), the Divorce Reform Act taking effect, the Immigration Act 1971, the Industrial Relations Act 1971, internment in Northern Ireland, and the Commons vote to join the EEC.
1975 World Trade Center fire
Arson office fire of February 13, 1975 on the 11th floor of WTC 1, the World Trade Center North Tower; burned three hours, spread via telephone cable shaft to floors 9-16, injured 28 firefighters, and prompted the 1976 Port Authority sprinkler and compartmentation upgrades.
1976 Constitution of Cuba
The 1976 Constitution of Cuba (Constitución de la República de Cuba) is the socialist constitution adopted by referendum on 24 February 1976, which organized state power around the Assemblies of People's Power.
1976 United Nations Secretary-General selection
The 1976 United Nations Secretary-General selection, Kurt Waldheim's second-term renewal, where China vetoed Waldheim before abstaining, and the Council voted 15-0-0 on 7 December 1976 via resolution S/RES/400 (1976), with General Assembly appointment on 8 December.
1977 United Nations Security Council election
1977 United Nations Security Council election: General Assembly vote of 24 October 1977 (A/32/PV.43, decision A/DEC/32/306) electing Bolivia, Czechoslovakia, Gabon, Kuwait, and Nigeria as non-permanent members for the 1978-1979 two-year term.
1978 United Nations Security Council election
The 1978 United Nations Security Council election was held at the General Assembly on 10 November 1978, electing Bangladesh, Jamaica, Norway, Portugal, and Zambia for two-year terms beginning 1 January 1979.
1979 Ghanaian executions
The 1979 Ghanaian executions were the firing-squad killings of eight senior military officers, including three former heads of state, by Ghana's AFRC in June 1979.
1979 Sydney Ghost Train fire
Fatal 1979 fire in the Ghost Train ride at Sydney's Luna Park, Milsons Point (also called the Luna Park Ghost Train fire): six boys and a man died on 9 June 1979; cause undetermined, with renewed Strike Force Sedgeman review and $1m reward.
1979 United Nations Security Council election
1979 UN Security Council election, 26 October 1979 to 7 January 1980, elected East Germany, Niger, Philippines, Tunisia and, after 155 ballots, Mexico; longest Council election ever.
1980s Franciscan priest murders
The 1980s Franciscan priest murders refers to the unsolved killing of Father Reynaldo Rivera in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1982, and the disappearance of Father John Kerrigan in Montana in 1984.
1984 New York City Subway shooting
The 1984 New York City Subway shooting: Bernhard Goetz, the 'subway vigilante,' shot four Black youths on December 22, 1984 after a $5 demand; acquitted in 1987 except gun possession.
1984 Palm Sunday massacre
Palm Sunday massacre, Brooklyn mass shooting of April 15, 1984, at 1080 Liberty Avenue, East New York; Christopher Thomas killed ten (eight children, two women) in Enrique Bermudez's home, was convicted of manslaughter, and was released in 2018.
1987 Constitution of Haiti
The 1987 Constitution of Haiti is the fundamental law of Haiti, approved by referendum in 1987 after the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship, establishing a semi-presidential republic.
1987 Opera House heist
1987 Opera House heist: unsolved 19 March 1987 fake CBI raid on Tribhovandas Bhimji Zaveri jewellers, Mumbai, using 26 duped recruits; basis of film Special 26.
1990 Tiede cabin murders
1990 Tiede cabin murders: December 22, 1990 killings of Kaye Tiede and Beth Potts at Oakley, Utah, by halfway-house walkaways Von Lester Taylor (death sentence) and Edward Deli (life).