6,078 articles
Abayudaya
The Abayudaya (Bayudaya), Luganda for "People of Judah," are Uganda's Jewish community near Mbale, founded around 1919 by Semei Kakungulu, banned under Idi Amin, formally converted by Conservative rabbis in 2002, and led by Rabbi Gershom Sizomu.
Abbie Stockard
Abbie Stockard, Miss America 2025 and Miss Alabama 2024, is an Auburn University nursing student from Vestavia Hills, Alabama, crowned January 5, 2025, in Orlando, a cystic fibrosis advocate who raised over $200,000 for CF research.
Abby Johnson (activist)
Abby Johnson, American anti-abortion activist and author of Unplanned; former Planned Parenthood clinic director in Bryan, Texas (Employee of the Year 2008) who left in 2009, founded And Then There Were None in 2012 and ProLove Ministries in 2019; her conversion account is disputed.
Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti
Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti (عبدالرحيم الحويطي), Saudi Huwaitat tribesman and Ministry of Finance employee, killed 13 April 2020 by Special Forces in al-Khuraiba, Tabuk, after refusing eviction for the Neom megacity project; UN rapporteurs linked his death to freedom of expression.
Abdul Sattar Edhi
Abdul Sattar Edhi (1928-2016), Pakistani philanthropist and 'Angel of Mercy', founded the Edhi Foundation from a 1950s Karachi dispensary; Guinness-recorded largest volunteer ambulance organisation, funded solely by public donations, state funeral 2016.
Abdullah Al-Hashimi
Abdullah Al-Hashimi (Abdullah ibn Nabil Mahmoud Al-Hashimi), born 1989 in Mosul, Iraq, is a Canadian-educated entrepreneur and husband of Princess Fadzilah Lubabul Bolkiah of Brunei, titled Pengiran Suami; not the Omani utilities executive of the same name.
Abenaki (αpánahki)
Abenaki (W8banaki): Eastern Algonquian Indigenous people of N'dakinna, spanning Vermont, New Hampshire, and southern Quebec. Federally recognized nations are Odanak and Wôlinak in Quebec; Western Abenaki language is critically endangered.
Aberrant Behavior Checklist
The Aberrant Behavior Checklist is a 58-item scale, completed by an adult who knows the person, measuring problem behaviors in people with developmental disabilities to assess treatment effects.
Abilene paradox
The Abilene paradox, from Jerry B. Harvey's 1974 Organizational Dynamics article, is a group decision failure where members publicly agree to an action all privately oppose, each wrongly assuming the others support it; distinct from groupthink and rooted in pluralistic ignorance.
Abkhazians
Abkhazians (Apsua) are a Northwest Caucasian people of Abkhazia on the Black Sea and a large Turkish diaspora; speakers of the Abkhaz-Adyg language, shaped by 19th-century mahadzhirstvo deportations and de facto independence since 1993.
Ableism
Ableism is prejudice and discrimination against disabled people, valuing able-bodiedness as the default. Covers its A-B-C components, medical vs social models, 1970s civil-rights origins, structural and internalized forms, and evidence that it varies by disability type, gender, and context.
Abnormal psychology
Abnormal psychology studies mental disorders: clinically significant disturbances in cognition, emotion, or behavior with distress or impairment. Covers DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 classification, prevalence (1 in 7 people), causes, RDoC, and treatment gaps.
Aboriginal Australians
Aboriginal Australians, the mainland Indigenous peoples of Australia (with Torres Strait Islanders the second group), occupied the continent over 60,000 years ago; 812,728 people identified in the 2021 Census, 3.2% of the population.
Aboriginal Tasmanians
Aboriginal Tasmanians (Palawa) are the Indigenous people of Tasmania, settled some 40,000 years ago and isolated by Bass Strait. British colonisation from 1803 brought the Black War, removal to Wybalenna, and a false extinction belief; over 30,000 Tasmanians now identify as Aboriginal.
Aboriginal Tent Embassy
The Aboriginal Tent Embassy is a permanent protest camp established in Canberra in 1972 to demand Indigenous land rights, and the world's longest continuing protest site.
Aboriginal whaling
Aboriginal whaling: Indigenous whale hunting under the IWC aboriginal subsistence category, from Arctic bowhead hunts and the Makah gray whale treaty right to orca partnerships at Twofold Bay, Australia.
Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970), American psychologist and founder of humanistic psychology, proposed the hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper; the pyramid was drawn by later management writers, and empirical research gives the strict hierarchy only partial support.
Abraxas Foundation
The Abraxas Foundation was a San Francisco-based group founded in 1987 by musician Boyd Rice, blending Satanism, fascism, and Social Darwinist ideas in the late 1980s.
Abuse
Abuse is mistreatment within a relationship of power or trust causing harm to health, dignity, or safety. Covers physical, sexual, emotional abuse, neglect, and coercive control, with WHO prevalence figures, health consequences, history, and prevention.
Acadians
Acadians: descendants of the French settlers of 17th-century Acadie in Atlantic Canada, distinct from French Canadians and Cajuns. Deported from 1755 in the Grand Dérangement; over 14,000 affected, about 3,000 resettled in Louisiana. National symbols date to 1881.
Acali
Acali: raft of the 1973 'Sex Raft' (Peace Project) experiment by Mexican anthropologist Santiago Genovés; 11 people, 101 days adrift from the Canary Islands to Mexico; crew stayed peaceful and turned on the researcher; retold in the 2019 documentary The Raft.
Acceptance
Acceptance in psychology: a favorable, nonjudgmental attitude toward situations, people, and inner experiences; a therapist attitude in Rogers' client-centered therapy and a core mechanism of third-wave CBTs such as ACT, DBT, and MBCT.
Accessibility
Accessibility: designing buildings, services, and digital technology usable by people with disabilities; governed by the CRPD, ADA, and WCAG standards (2.2 current, ISO/IEC 40500:2025), rooted in the social model and disability rights movement.
Accidental incest
Accidental incest: unknowing sexual or romantic relationships between close genetic relatives, chiefly among donor-conceived people, adoptees, and misattributed-parentage cases; detected via runs of homozygosity, addressed by donor offspring limits and ending anonymity.
Acculturation
Acculturation: cultural and psychological change under sustained first-hand contact between cultures, defined by Redfield, Linton, and Herskovits (1936); covers Berry's four strategies (integration, assimilation, separation, marginalization), mental health findings, and measurement debates.
Acholi people
Acholi people, also Acoli, a Luo-speaking ethnic group of northern Uganda (Acholiland) and Magwe County, South Sudan; about 2 million (2024 census). Identity was consolidated under British rule 1894–1962 from some sixty chiefdoms; LRA war displaced 1.8 million.
ACT UP
ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), direct-action activist group founded March 1987 in New York after Larry Kramer's call; eighty chapters by 1993; FDA shutdown 1988, Storm the NIH 1990; credited with accelerated drug approval, lower AZT costs, needle exchanges.
Active avoidance task
An active avoidance task is a behavioral paradigm in which an animal performs a response, such as shuttling between compartments, to prevent an anticipated aversive stimulus like a footshock.
Active listening
Active listening, from Carl Rogers's client-centered therapy and the 1957 Rogers and Farson booklet, is a non-directive communication technique using paraphrasing, questions, and non-judgmental responses to confirm understanding.
Activism
Activism is deliberate action for social, political, or environmental change through protest, boycotts, organizing, digital campaigns, and shareholder pressure. Covers effectiveness evidence, nonviolent resistance, digital repression, and shrinking civic space.