32 articles
Amiton
Amiton (VG) is a highly toxic organophosphate compound synthesized in 1952 as an insecticide, withdrawn for its toxicity, and now a scheduled chemical weapon precursor.
Binary chemical weapon
A binary chemical weapon, or binary munition, carries two relatively safe components that mix during delivery to form a lethal nerve agent such as sarin or VX.
Biological warfare
Biological warfare, also called germ warfare or biowarfare, is the military use of biological agents to cause disease or death, banned for states under the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention.
Biopreparat
Biopreparat (Russian: Биопрепарат) was a Soviet state agency created in 1973 to secretly develop and produce biological weapons behind a cover of civilian biotechnology, in violation of the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention.
Biosecurity
Biosecurity refers to organizational and individual protective steps keeping pathogens and toxins from being lost, stolen, misused, diverted, or deliberately released, spanning laboratory, animal health, public health, and agricultural contexts.
Bioterrorism
Bioterrorism, also called biological terrorism, is the intentional release of bacteria, viruses, or toxins to cause disease and death, and is classed as a weapon of mass destruction.
BioWatch
BioWatch is a US Department of Homeland Security early warning system, created in 2003 after the anthrax letter attacks, that monitors air in more than 30 metropolitan areas for biological agents.
Blue Grass Army Depot
Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD) is a US Army munitions depot near Richmond, Kentucky, established in 1941, which stored the last US chemical weapons until 2023.
Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare, also known as gas warfare, is the use of toxic chemicals delivered by munitions to kill or incapacitate people in war, first used on a large scale in 1915 at Ypres.
Chemical warfare agent decontamination
Chemical warfare agent decontamination is the removal or chemical destruction of warfare agents such as nerve agents and blister agents from people, equipment, and terrain.
Chemical weapon
Chemical weapons, also called chemical warfare agents, are toxic chemicals or precursors with delivery munitions, first used on a large scale at Ypres, Belgium, in 1915.
Chemical weapons in World War I
Chemical weapons in World War I, first used at Ypres in 1915, were poison gases like chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas that caused over 1.3 million casualties.
Cyclosarin
Cyclosarin (GF) is a colorless, odorless organophosphate nerve agent of the G series, a Schedule 1 chemical warfare agent and the most toxic G agent through the skin.
David Kelly (weapons expert)
David Christopher Kelly (1944–2003) was a British microbiologist who led UN biological weapons inspections in Iraq and died in July 2003 after being named as the source of a BBC report.
Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments were classified U.S. Army studies exposing about 7,000 soldier volunteers to over 250 chemicals, including nerve agents and LSD, from 1955 to 1975.
Gay bomb
The "gay bomb" was a proposed 1994 US Air Force chemical weapon meant to make enemy soldiers sexually attracted to each other; it was never built.
Gruinard Island
Gruinard Island, off northwest Scotland, was contaminated with anthrax spores during British biological warfare trials in 1942-43, decontaminated with formaldehyde in seawater in 1986, and returned to its owners in 1990.
Halabja chemical attack
The Halabja chemical attack was a chemical weapons bombardment of the Kurdish city of Halabja in northern Iraq by Iraqi forces on 16 March 1988, killing about 5,000 civilians.
Lewisite
Lewisite is an organic arsenical vesicant chemical warfare agent developed in the United States late in World War I but never used in warfare, causing severe blistering.
MOPP (protective gear)
MOPP (Mission Oriented Protective Posture) is the US military system of five graduated levels of chemical and biological protective gear, ranging from MOPP 0 to full encapsulation at MOPP 4.
Nerve agent
A nerve agent, also called nerve gas, is an organophosphorus chemical warfare agent that kills by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase; agents include sarin, tabun, soman, and VX.
Novichok (Новичок)
Novichok (Новичок, "newcomer") is a group of organophosphorus nerve agents developed in a secret Soviet program, used in the 2018 Salisbury poisonings in England and against Alexei Navalny in 2020.
Operation Sea-Spray
Operation Sea-Spray was a secret 1950 U.S. Navy test in which a ship sprayed bacteria into the air off San Francisco, exposing about 800,000 residents without their consent.
Pine Bluff Arsenal
Pine Bluff Arsenal is a U.S. Army installation near Pine Bluff, Arkansas, established in 1941, which made chemical munitions and destroyed its chemical weapons stockpile by 2010.
Porton Down
Porton Down is a UK government defense research site in Wiltshire, England, established in March 1916 for chemical warfare work and now home to Dstl.
Pueblo Chemical Depot
Pueblo Chemical Depot was a United States Army installation near Pueblo, Colorado, that stored the nation's mustard agent stockpile until it was destroyed in 2023.
Sarin
Sarin, also known as sarin gas, is a human-made organophosphate nerve agent, colorless and nearly odorless, developed in Germany in 1943 and banned as a Schedule 1 chemical weapon.
Soman
Soman, also known as soman nerve gas, is a human-made organophosphorus nerve agent developed in Germany in 1944, a clear colorless liquid that inhibits acetylcholinesterase and can kill within minutes.
Tabun (nerve agent)
Tabun, military designation GA, is a man-made organophosphorus nerve agent and the first ever synthesized, by Gerhard Schrader at IG Farben in 1936 during insecticide research.
Tear gas
Tear gas, formally called lachrymatory agent or riot control agent, is a chemical weapon class used by police and militaries for crowd control, chiefly CS, CN, and pepper spray.