All articles starting with B
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Banu Hanifa
Banu Hanifa (بنو حنيفة) was an Arab tribe that settled in al-Yamama in central Arabia and played a prominent role in the Ridda movement after Muhammad's death.
Banu Hashim
Banu Hashim (بنو هاشم), the Quraysh clan of Mecca named after Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the Prophet Muhammad's great-grandfather; holders of the siqaya and rifada pilgrim offices, targets of the three-year Quraysh boycott, and ancestors of the Hashemite dynasties.
Banu Hilal (بنو هلال)
Banu Hilal (بنو هلال), an Arab Bedouin tribal confederation from the Najd and Hejaz, settled in Upper Egypt under the Fatimids and migrated to the Maghreb around 1050 to punish the Zirids, taking Kairouan in 1057 and inspiring the Hilali epic.
Banu Hud
Banu Hud (بنو هود) were an Arab dynasty ruling the taifa kingdom of Zaragoza in northeastern al-Andalus from 1039 until the Almoravid conquest in 1110.
Banu Ifran
Banu Ifran (بنو إفرن), also Beni Ifren, were a Zenata Berber tribe prominent in North Africa and al-Andalus from the Islamic conquest to the eleventh century.
Banu Ilyas
Banu Ilyas (بنو الیاس), also called Al-e Ilyas, was an Iranian dynasty of Sogdian origin that ruled Kerman in southeastern Persia from 929 to 968.
Banu Kalb
Banu Kalb (بنو كلب) was a confederation of pastoral tribes of Syria, part of the Quda'a grouping, that became a close Umayyad ally until "Kalbi" meant Umayyad partisan.
Banu Kanz
Banu Kanz (بني كنز) was an Arab-Nubian ruling house of Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia. They held the title Kanz al-Dawla until the Ottoman conquest in 1517.
Banu Khafaja
Banu Khafaja (بنو خفاجة) were an Arab tribe of Iraq whose chiefs, the house of Al Thimal, ruled an emirate around Kufa and the middle Euphrates from the 10th century.
Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj (بنو الخزرج) was one of the two major Arab tribes of Yathrib, later Medina, which supported Muhammad through the pledges of Aqabah, the Hijra, and the battles of Badr and Uhud.
Banu Kilab
Banu Kilab (بنو كلاب) was an Arab Bedouin tribe of northern Syria, settled around Aleppo, whose chief Salih ibn Mirdas founded the Mirdasid dynasty that ruled the city in the 11th century.
Banu Kinana
Banu Kinana (بنو كنانة) was a large Adnani Arab tribe of the central Hijaz, best known as the parent tribe of Quraysh of Mecca and for fighting in the Fijar wars.
Banu Makhzum
Banu Makhzum (بنو مخزوم) was one of the three most influential clans of the Quraysh tribe in pre-Islamic Mecca, supplying its military commanders and later both opponents of Muhammad and companions like Khalid ibn al-Walid.
Banu Mardanish
Banu Mardanish (بنو مردنيش) was a twelfth-century Muslim dynasty of eastern al-Andalus, founded in 1147 by Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Mardanish, with its capital at Murcia.
Banu Muhallab
Banu Muhallab (آل المهلّب) is an Arab family of the Azd tribe that rose in Umayyad service through al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra, defeating the Azariqa Kharijites from 694.
Banu Munqidh
The Banu Munqidh (بنو منقذ) were an Arab dynasty that ruled the fortress town of Shayzar in Syria from 1081 to 1157, mediating among Seljuks, Crusaders, and Ismailis.
Banu Musa's automatic flute player
Banu Musa's automatic flute player is a water-powered automaton described by the Banu Musa brothers in Baghdad around 850, often cited as the earliest design of a programmable machine.
Banu Mushtaq (ಬಾನು ಮುಸ್ತಾಕ್)
Banu Mushtaq (ಬಾನು ಮುಸ್ತಾಕ್), born 1948 in Hassan, Karnataka, is a Kannada writer, lawyer and activist of the Bandaya protest movement whose collection Heart Lamp, translated by Deepa Bhasthi, won the 2025 International Booker Prize, the first short-story collection and first Kannada work to win.
Banu Nadir
Banu Nadir (بنو النضير) was one of the three major Jewish tribes of Medina, expelled by Muhammad in 625 after a siege and resettling in Khaybar and Syria.
Banu Qasi
The Banu Qasi (بنو قسي) were a Muladi dynasty of the upper Ebro valley in al-Andalus, descended from the Visigothic count Cassius, which ended in 924.
Banu Qatada
Banu Qatada (بنو قتادة) was a Hasanid dynasty of sharifs founded by Qatada ibn Idris, who took Mecca in 1200 and extended rule over the Hijaz.
Banu Qaynuqa
Banu Qaynuqa (بنو قينقاع) was one of three principal Jewish tribes of Medina, a guild of goldsmiths and armorers allied with the Khazraj, expelled after Badr.
Banu Qurayza (بنو قريظة)
Banu Qurayza (بنو قريظة), a Jewish tribe of Medina, was besieged after the Battle of the Trench in 5 AH/627 CE; under Sa'd ibn Mu'adh's arbitration, Ibn Ishaq reports 600-900 men executed and hadith sources 400, a figure debated in modern scholarship.
Banu Qurra
Banu Qurra (بنو قرة) were an Arab tribe nomadizing between the Nile delta and Tripolitania, prominent in Barqa (Cyrenaica) under Fatimid rule in the 10th and 11th centuries.
Banu Sasan
Banu Sasan (بنو ساسان, "Sons of Sasan") was a loose medieval Islamic fraternity of beggars, swindlers, and vagrants, attested from the ninth to the fourteenth century.
Banu Shayban
Banu Shayban (بنو شيبان) was a major Arab tribe of the Bakr ibn Wa'il grouping, named after Shayban ibn Tha'laba and prominent from around 600 CE.
Banu Sulaym
Banu Sulaym (بني سليم) were an Arab tribal confederation of the Qays Aylan group that migrated from Upper Egypt into Ifriqiya in the 11th century alongside the Banu Hilal.
Banu Sumadih
Banu Sumadih (بنو صمادح) was an Arab dynasty ruling the taifa of Almeria in al-Andalus, founded by Ma'n ibn Sumadih and ended by the Almoravids in 1091.
Banu Taghlib
Banu Taghlib (تغلب بن وائل) was a powerful, largely Christian Arab tribe of the Rabi'a group settled between the Tigris and Euphrates near Mosul, and the origin of the Hamdanid emirs.
Banu Tamim
Banu Tamim (بنو تميم) was one of the largest Arab tribes, of Adnanite descent, whose clans occupied central and eastern Arabia before Islam and rose to prominence in Basra, Kufa, and Khurasan after the conquests.