All articles starting with B
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Baumgartner's Bombay
Baumgartner's Bombay is a 1988 novel by Indian writer Anita Desai, following Hugo Baumgartner, a German Jew who flees to India and is interned during World War II.
Baumkuchen
Baumkuchen (バウムクーヘン), German "tree cake," is a layered spit-roasted cake with tree-ring cross-section. Introduced to Japan by WWI POW Karl Juchheim in 1919, it symbolizes longevity there; Salzwedel Baumkuchen holds an EU PGI.
Baumol's cost disease
Baumol's cost disease is the tendency for costs of services like health care, education, and live performance to rise faster than inflation, described by economist William Baumol in 1967.
Baumüller
Baumüller is a German family-owned manufacturer of electric drive and automation systems, including servo motors, converters, and control technology, founded in Nuremberg in 1930 and serving machine building, e-mobility, and marine applications.
Baúna Oil and Gas Field
The Baúna Oil and Gas Field is an offshore oil field in Brazil's Santos Basin, discovered in 2008 and operated by Karoon Energy since 2020.
Bauru
Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; 'Cidade Sem Limites'; interior municipality of about 379,000 people (2022), former railway junction, regional capital B, services-based economy, home of the sanduíche Bauru.
Bausch & Lomb
Bausch & Lomb (Bausch + Lomb), founded 1853 in Rochester, New York by John Jacob Bausch and Henry Lomb, is an eye health company making contact lenses, lens care, ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, and surgical devices; it introduced the first US mass-produced soft contact lens (SofLens, 1971) and IPO'd as BLCO in 2022.
Bausch Health
Bausch Health Companies Inc., formerly Valeant Pharmaceuticals, is a Laval, Quebec-based specialty pharmaceutical and medical device company with ~1,000 products in five segments, flagship drug Xifaxan, ~88% ownership of Bausch + Lomb, and 2025 revenue of $10,266 million.
Bauschinger effect
The Bauschinger effect is the reduction in a metal's yield stress when the loading direction is reversed after plastic deformation, first observed by Johann Bauschinger in 1881.
Bautista Saavedra
Bautista Saavedra Mallea was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 29th president of Bolivia from 1921 to 1925, known for the country's first social and labor legislation.
Bautzen
Bautzen (Budyšin), town of about 42,000 in Saxony, seat of Landkreis Bautzen, 50 km east of Dresden; center of the Sorbian minority, with the Niederkaina prehistoric cemetery, 1523 Taucherfriedhof, and Gedenkstätte Bautzen memorial.
Bauxite
Bauxite, also called aluminum ore, is a sedimentary rock rich in aluminum hydroxide minerals and the principal ore of aluminum, refined to alumina by the Bayer process.
Bava Lakshmanan
Bava Lakshmanan (பாவா லட்சுமணன்), also spelled Bawa Lakshmanan, is a Tamil film character comedian active from 1990, known for the "Vaa Ma Minnal" dialogue in Maayi (2000) and the servant role in Aanandham (2001), long paired with Vadivelu.
Bavandids
The Bavandids (باوندیان) were a local Iranian dynasty that ruled Tabaristan along the southern Caspian shore for about seven centuries, until their last ruler was killed in 1349.
Bāvarī
Bāvarī (बावरी) is a brahmin teacher of the three Vedas who, aged one hundred twenty, sent sixteen students to question the Buddha, producing the Pārāyanavagga.
Bavaria
Bavaria (Bayern), the Free State of Bavaria, is Germany's largest federal state by area at about 70,550 km2, with over 13 million people, capital Munich, a 1946 constitution, seven regions, and Minister-President Markus Söder.
Bavaria District (DoDDS-Europe)
Bavaria District was a school district of the Department of Defense Dependents Schools in Europe, running sixteen American schools for military families in Bavaria, Germany, until 2016.
Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, BAdW): Munich academy and research institute founded 1759 by Elector Maximilian III Joseph; four sections, capped membership, own institutes including LRZ and WMI.
Bavarian Alps
Bavarian Alps (Bayerische Alpen): the German section of the Northern Limestone Alps in Bavaria, containing the Zugspitze (2,962 m), Germany's highest peak, Tethys-derived limestone and dolomite nappes, and five rapidly shrinking glaciers.
Bavarian cream
Bavarian cream (crème bavaroise, Bayerische Creme, Bavarois): a gelatin-set vanilla custard lightened with whipped cream, molded and unmolded; origin disputed between Bavaria and France, codified by Carême as fromage bavarois.
Bavarian cuisine
Bavarian cuisine (Bayerische Küche) is the cooking tradition of Bavaria, Germany's largest state, built on pork, potatoes, flour, and dairy and divided into regional cuisines of Altbayern, Franconia, and Swabia.
Bavarian language
Bavarian (Bairisch) is a group of Upper German dialects with over 10 million speakers in Altbayern, Austria except Vorarlberg, and South Tyrol, divided into North, Middle, and South Bavarian, with no standard orthography and an 8th-century written tradition.
Bavarian S 3/6
The Bavarian S 3/6, later DRG Class 18.4, was a German express steam locomotive built in Munich from 1908 and known for hauling the Rheingold express.
Bavarian Soviet Republic
Bavarian Soviet Republic (Räterepublik Baiern, Munich Soviet Republic): short-lived unrecognized socialist council state in Bavaria, proclaimed 7 April 1919 after Eisner's assassination, led by Toller then communists Leviné and Levien, crushed by Reichswehr and Freikorps in early May 1919.
Bavarians
Bavarians (Bayern, historically Baiuvarii/Bajuwaren): people of the Free State of Bavaria and speakers of the Bavarian (Bairisch) dialect continuum spanning Altbayern, Austria and South Tyrol; over 13 million residents, Wittelsbach rule 1180–1918, Catholic Old Bavaria versus Protestant Franconia.
Bavelloni
Bavelloni is an Italian manufacturer of flat glass processing machinery and diamond tools, founded in 1946 by Zeffiro Bavelloni and based in Lentate sul Seveso, Italy.
Bavian inscriptions
The Bavian inscriptions, also known as the Khinnis rock reliefs, are Neo-Assyrian rock reliefs and cuneiform texts carved for King Sennacherib at Khinis near Mosul, Iraq.
Bavian/Khinnis
Bavian/Khinnis (Khinis, ancient Khunusa) is a Neo-Assyrian rock-relief complex of Sennacherib, around 690 BC, at the head of his canal from the Gomel River to Nineveh, with the Bavian inscriptions and Jerwan aqueduct.
Bavituximab
Bavituximab (Tarvacin, PGN401) is a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting phosphatidylserine via beta-2-glycoprotein I; its phase III SUNRISE lung cancer trial failed futility, and rights passed to Feng Biosciences.
Bavlinskoye Oil Field
The Bavlinskoye Oil Field (Бавлинское месторождение) is a large multi-reservoir oil field in southeast Tatarstan, Russia, discovered in 1944, which yielded the republic's first high-flow Devonian oil in 1946 and pioneered waterflooding.