All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Bayesian network software
Bayesian network software covers the full pipeline of learning a network structure from data, fitting its parameters, and answering probabilistic and causal queries, in tools like bnlearn and pgmpy.
Bayesian neural network
A Bayesian neural network is a neural network trained with Bayesian inference, placing probability distributions over its weights instead of single values, so predictions carry quantified uncertainty and better calibration.
Bayesian nonparametric regression and classification
Bayesian nonparametric regression and classification places priors on infinite-dimensional function spaces, such as splines, trees, and Gaussian processes, letting the fitted function's complexity grow with the data.
Bayesian nonparametric survival analysis
Bayesian nonparametric survival analysis places stochastic-process priors, such as Dirichlet process and beta process priors, on an unknown survival function or cumulative hazard without parametric shape assumptions.
Bayesian optimal design and decision-analysis software
Bayesian optimal design and decision-analysis software picks experimental settings or decision strategies by maximizing expected utility or information gain, spanning tools like acebayes, Pyro BOED, GeNIe, and HUGIN.
Bayesian optimal interval design
The Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) design is a statistical design for phase I oncology dose-finding trials, proposed by Liu and Yuan at MD Anderson in 2015.
Bayesian optimization
Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sequential method for optimizing expensive black-box functions, typically under 20 dimensions, using a Gaussian process surrogate and acquisition functions to choose each evaluation.
Bayesian parameter estimation
Bayesian parameter estimation is a statistical method that infers unknown model parameters by combining a prior distribution with a likelihood derived from observed data, using Bayes' theorem.
Bayesian probability
Bayesian probability, also known as Bayesian probability theory or personal probability, is an interpretation of probability as a degree of belief, updated in light of new evidence by Bayes' theorem.
Bayesian programming
Bayesian programming is a statistical modeling approach in which a programmer writes a model as a program containing random variables, and a general-purpose inference engine updates it from data.
Bayesian reaction optimization
Bayesian optimization for reaction screening applies Bayesian optimization, a model-based method for expensive black-box functions, to finding high-performing chemical reaction conditions, catalysts, and additives in few experiments.
Bayesian regression
Bayesian regression fits a regression model by combining a prior on its parameters with the data's likelihood, yielding a full posterior distribution rather than a point estimate.
Bayesian reinforcement learning
Bayesian reinforcement learning (BRL) is a family of reinforcement learning methods that treat uncertainty about an environment's dynamics and rewards as probability distributions, updated by Bayes rule as data arrive.
Bayesian reliability and safety analysis software
Bayesian reliability and safety analysis software is a family of tools that estimate failure rates and system risk from limited data, including SCRAM, XFTA, RADYBAN, BAHAMAS, and SAFEST.
Bayesian sampling
Bayesian sampling is a class of statistical methods that draws random samples from a posterior distribution, replacing intractable integrals with sample averages, most often via Markov chain Monte Carlo.
Bayesian search theory
Bayesian search theory is the branch of operations research that plans searches for lost objects, updating a probability map of possible locations after each unsuccessful search.
Bayesian software for epidemiological modeling
Bayesian software for epidemiological modeling is the family of packages that fit epidemic and disease-transmission models to data using Bayesian inference, estimating transmission rates, reproduction numbers, and delay distributions with uncertainty quantified through posterior distributions.
Bayesian statistics
Bayesian statistics is an approach to data analysis in which prior knowledge about a model's parameters is combined with observed data via Bayes' theorem, yielding a posterior distribution for inference.
Bayesian underwater search
Bayesian underwater search applies Bayesian statistics to locating objects lost at sea, such as shipwrecks and crashed aircraft, and famously found the USS Scorpion and Air France Flight 447.
Bayesianism
Bayesianism is a family of positions in statistics and epistemology holding that probability measures rational degrees of belief, revised by conditionalizing on evidence through Bayes' theorem.
Bayeux Tapestry
The Bayeux Tapestry (Tapisserie de Bayeux) is an 11th-century embroidered hanging, about 68 m long, depicting the 1066 Norman conquest of England; kept in Bayeux, France, and loaned to the British Museum in 2026–2027.
Bayezid I
Bayezid I (Yıldırım, the Thunderbolt), fourth Ottoman sultan (r. 1389–1403), built the first centralized Ottoman state from the Danube to the Euphrates, crushed the crusaders at Nicopolis (1396), and was captured by Timur at Ankara (1402).
Bayezid I's Balkan campaigns
Bayezid I's Balkan campaigns were the Ottoman military operations between 1389 and 1402 by which Sultan Bayezid I conquered Bulgaria, defeated the crusade at Nicopolis in 1396, and blockaded Constantinople.
Bayezid II
Bayezid II (Bâyezîd-i Velî, 1447/1448–1512), eighth Ottoman sultan (r. 1481–1512), son of Mehmed II; consolidated finances, admitted Sephardic Jews of 1492, fought Venice, abdicated to Selim I.
Bayezid Pasha
Bayezid Pasha (بایزید پاشا) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier to Mehmed I, suppressed the revolt of Shaykh Bedreddin, and was killed in 1421.
Bayga
Bayga (бәйге, baige) is the traditional long-distance horse race of the Kazakhs and other Turkic peoples, with types such as alaman, kunan, and top baige; modern Kazakh championship distances run 9 to 25 km under the Baige Federation.
Bayh–Dole Act
The Bayh–Dole Act (Public Law 96-517, 35 U.S.C. 200–212, also the University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act of 1980) lets universities, small businesses, and nonprofits elect title to federally funded inventions, subject to utilization reporting, domestic-manufacture preferences, and government march-in rights.
Bayilvan Ranganathan
Bayilvan Ranganathan (பயில்வான் ரங்கநாதன்) is an Indian actor, comedian, and film journalist known for comedy and supporting roles in Tamil cinema, debuting in Mundhanai Mudichu in 1983.
Bayinguoleng Menggu Zizhizhou
Bayinguoleng Menggu Zizhizhou (巴音郭楞蒙古自治州), Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, is Xinjiang's largest prefecture-level division, seat Korla, 471,140 km², 1.51 million people (2020), Han 53.3%, Uyghur 36.4%.
Bayinnaung
Bayinnaung (ဘုရင့်နောင်) was king of Burma's Toungoo dynasty from 1551 to 1581, the ruler who reunited the country and built an empire never matched again.