All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Beall's List
Beall's List was a blacklist of potential predatory open-access journals and publishers, maintained by librarian Jeffrey Beall from 2010 until its removal in January 2017.
Beals Wright
Beals Coleman Wright (1879-1961), American left-handed tennis player; first American Olympic tennis champion with 1904 singles and doubles golds, 1905 U.S. champion, Wimbledon All-Comers finalist 1910, Hall of Fame 1956.
Beam (nautical)
The beam, also known as ship beam, is the width of a ship measured from one side of the hull to the other, one of a vessel's principal dimensions.
Beam (structure)
A beam, or structural beam, is a structural member that carries loads applied transverse to its long axis, resisting them primarily by bending, or flexure.
Beam (telepresence robot)
Beam is a mobile telepresence robot, a wheeled screen-topped device driven over the internet by a remote pilot, created by Suitable Technologies and unveiled in 2012.
Beam cell
Beam cell: trabecular meshwork cell covering the uveal and corneoscleral beams of the eye's aqueous outflow pathway; phagocytic, myocilin-inducing, distinct from juxtacanalicular cells.
Beam collimation
Beam collimation is the set of collimator jaws in a particle accelerator that intercepts unavoidable beam losses, protecting superconducting magnets and other sensitive components from stray particles.
Beam coupling
A beam coupling, also called a helical or slotted coupling, is a one-piece metal shaft coupling whose integral beams flex to compensate for shaft misalignment with zero backlash.
Beam diagnostics
Beam diagnostics is the set of instruments in a particle accelerator that measure the beam's charge, position, transverse profile, and losses, including monitors, wire scanners, and beam-loss monitors.
Beam diameter
Beam diameter, also called beamwidth, is the width of a light beam, usually a laser, measured across its intensity profile by a stated criterion such as 1/e² or FWHM.
Beam dosimetry
Beam dosimetry is the measurement of absorbed dose from radiation beams, such as photon, electron, and proton beams, using ionization chambers, calorimeters, or chemical dosimeters.
Beam dump
A beam dump is a device at the end of a particle accelerator that safely absorbs extracted or aborted particle beams, converting their energy into heat.
Beam emittance
Beam emittance is a measure of a charged-particle beam's spread in transverse phase space, the ellipse area preserved by Liouville's theorem, with normalized emittance staying constant under acceleration.
Beam Energy Scan II
Beam Energy Scan II (BES-II) was the second, high-statistics phase of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC, where STAR collected gold-gold collision data from 3.0 to 27 GeV to search for a QCD critical point.
Beam extraction
Beam extraction is the process of removing a particle beam from a circular accelerator using kickers and septa, in one turn, several turns, or slowly over seconds.
Beam halo
Beam halo is a population of accelerator beam particles traveling at large radii from the beam core, likely to be lost on collimators and cause activation or quenches.
Beam management in 5G NR
Beam management in 5G NR is the set of procedures by which a gNodeB base station and user equipment acquire, select, and maintain aligned directional beams.
Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)
Beam Me Up Scotty is Nicki Minaj's third mixtape, released free on DatPiff April 18, 2009, hosted by DJ Holiday and The Trapaholics; reissued to streaming May 14, 2021 with 23 tracks including 'Seeing Green' with Drake and Lil Wayne.
Beam me up, Scotty
"Beam me up, Scotty" is a Star Trek catchphrase attributed to Captain Kirk that was never actually spoken in the original series; closest lines include "Scotty, beam us up" and "Beam us up, Scotty" (animated, 1973), with print use from 1975.
Beam optics
Beam optics is the branch of accelerator physics that describes the transverse motion of charged particles in beam lines, accelerators, and storage rings using transfer matrices.
Beam position monitor
A beam position monitor (BPM) is a non-intercepting diagnostic device that measures the transverse position of a charged particle beam inside the vacuum chamber of an accelerator or beam line.
Beam position monitoring
Beam position monitoring measures the transverse position of a charged particle beam inside an accelerator or beam line, performed non-invasively by beam position monitors (BPMs), passive electrodes that couple to the beam's electromagnetic field.
Beam propagation method
The beam propagation method (BPM) is a numerical optics technique that simulates light traveling along waveguides by stepping the field forward while solving a paraxial wave equation.
BEAM robotics
BEAM robotics (Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics, Mechanics) is an approach to robot design favoring analog nervous-network circuits over microprocessors, credited to physicist Mark W. Tilden, who built the first BEAM robot in 1989.
Beam search
Beam search is a heuristic search algorithm that keeps only the k most promising partial candidates at each step, commonly used to decode neural sequence models.
Beam splitter
A beam splitter, also called a half-silvered mirror, is an optical device that divides a light beam into two beams, used in interferometers, cameras, projectors, and laser systems.
Beam Therapeutics
Beam Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded in 2017 by David Liu, Feng Zhang, and Keith Joung to develop base editing medicines.
Beam tilt
Beam tilt is the deliberate tilting of a transmitting antenna's main radiation lobe slightly below the horizontal plane, either mechanically or electrically, so maximum signal reaches the intended service area instead of overshooting it.
Beam tomography
Beam tomography is a wave-propagation imaging method using beams of finite width, used in seismology to image the Earth's crust and mantle and in helioseismology to image the Sun's interior.
Beam-beam effect
The beam-beam effect is the electromagnetic perturbation of one circulating particle beam by the opposing beam at each crossing in a collider, often the main limit on luminosity.