All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Benign neoplasm of nasopharynx
Benign neoplasm of nasopharynx (ICD-11 2E90.6), also called benign tumour of epipharynx or postnasal space: a non-metastasizing nasopharyngeal growth, most often juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in adolescent males, treated surgically.
Benign neoplasm of ovary
Benign neoplasm of ovary (ICD-11 2F32) is a noncancerous ovarian tumor such as cystadenoma, dermoid cyst, endometrioma, or fibroma (2F32.1); ultrasound O-RADS stratifies risk and laparoscopy is standard surgery.
Benign neoplasm of spinal cord
Benign neoplasm of spinal cord (ICD-11 2A02.4; ICD-10 D33.4): a noncancerous spinal cord tumor, usually schwannoma, meningioma, ependymoma, or hemangioblastoma, treated by microsurgical resection or radiosurgery.
Benign neoplasm of stomach
Benign neoplasm of stomach (ICD-11 2E92.1): non-cancerous gastric growths, mainly gastric polyps (fundic gland, hyperplastic, adenoma) and subepithelial lesions (leiomyoma, lipoma, schwannoma, ectopic pancreas), diagnosed by endoscopy and EUS.
Benign neoplasm of the nipple
Benign neoplasm of the nipple (ICD-11 2F30.7): non-metastasizing nipple tumors without malignant features, mainly nipple adenoma (erosive adenomatosis) and intraductal papilloma, which can mimic Paget disease and need biopsy.
Benign neoplasm of tongue
Benign neoplasm of tongue (ICD-11 2E90.1): non-malignant tongue tumors including squamous papilloma, hemangioma, schwannoma, lipoma, and granular cell tumor; well-circumscribed submucosal masses, resected transorally, recurrence about 15% at tongue base.
Benign neoplasm of tonsil
Benign neoplasm of tonsil (ICD-11 2E90.4, ICD-10 D10.4): rare non-malignant tonsillar tumors, most commonly squamous papilloma; diagnosed histologically, treated by surgical excision.
Benign nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Benign nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood (BNAHC) is a rare neurologic disorder in which young children have sleep attacks of one-sided paralysis with normal development.
Benign osteogenic tumours
Benign osteogenic tumours (ICD-11 2E83) are non-cancerous bone-forming neoplasms: osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma, defined by tumour cells producing osteoid or mature bone, with nocturnal NSAID-responsive pain and radiofrequency ablation treatment.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV), also called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, is an inner-ear disorder where displaced otoconia in the semicircular canals cause brief positional vertigo; diagnosed by Dix-Hallpike, treated with the Epley maneuver.
Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia
Benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia (Ouvrier-Billson syndrome, ORPHA:1179, OMIM 168885) is a rare infantile paroxysmal movement disorder with sustained upward eye deviation, downbeating saccades, ataxia, and spontaneous resolution within 1-2 years.
Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy
Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy (BPT) is a rare, self-limiting paroxysmal dystonia causing recurrent head-tilt episodes in infants, first described by Snyder in 1969, linked to migraine and CACNA1A mutations, resolving by about age 5.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or enlarged prostate, is non-cancerous prostate growth causing lower urinary tract symptoms in aging men; treated with alpha blockers, 5-ARIs, combination therapy, or surgery.
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC, Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive liver disease with recurrent cholestatic jaundice and pruritus from ATP8B1 or ABCB11 mutations, resolving without cirrhosis.
Benign recurrent meningitis
Benign recurrent meningitis, or Mollaret's meningitis (benign recurrent lymphocytic/aseptic meningitis), is a rare syndrome of self-limiting 2–7 day aseptic meningitis attacks with Mollaret's cells in CSF, often linked to HSV-2, recurring over years without sequelae.
Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy, or benign neonatal sleep myoclonus (ICD-11 7A85), is a nonepileptic disorder with rhythmic jerks only during sleep in newborns, stopping on arousal, with normal EEG and resolution by 6 months in 95%.
Benign tumor
Benign tumor (benign neoplasm): a noncancerous mass of abnormal cells that grows slowly, does not invade nearby tissue or metastasize, and usually needs only monitoring or surgical removal. Common types include lipomas, adenomas, fibroids, and hemangiomas.
Benign vascular neoplasms
Benign vascular neoplasms (ICD-11 2E81) are non-cancerous tumors of blood or lymph vessels, including hemangiomas, lymphatic neoplasms, and glomus tumors, distinguished from vascular malformations by clonal endothelial proliferation.
Benign vascular tumors of the spleen
Benign vascular tumors of the spleen are noncancerous masses arising from splenic blood vessels, including hemangioma, hamartoma, lymphangioma, and the rare SANT, first reported in 2004.
Benigno Aquino III
Benigno Aquino III, popularly called Noynoy, was a Filipino politician who served as the fifteenth president of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016, the only son of Corazon Aquino.
Benignus
Benignus, in Irish Benén, was a boy St. Patrick baptized and named Benignus, later remembered as Patrick's favorite disciple and successor as bishop of Armagh.
Benihana
Benihana is an American teppanyaki restaurant chain founded in 1964 in New York by Rocky Aoki, known for chefs cooking at the table; owned by The ONE Group since 2024, separate from Benihana of Tokyo.
Benik Afobe
Benik Tunani Afobe (born 1993, Leyton, London) is a Congolese forward and former Arsenal academy player; 16 clubs including Wolves, Bournemouth, Stoke, Millwall, Trabzonspor; DR Congo international.
Benin
Benin (République du Bénin), formerly Dahomey, is a West African country on the Gulf of Guinea with 121 km of coastline, borders with Nigeria, Togo, Burkina Faso, and Niger, 14.5 million people, 7.5% GDP growth in 2024, and a northern JNIM insurgency.
Benin Bronzes
Benin Bronzes: thousands of royal brass plaques, heads, and figures cast by the lost-wax method for the Oba of Benin, Nigeria; looted by Britain in 1897 and now the leading case in colonial-art restitution, with over 1,400 objects' title returned since 2021.
Benin City
Benin City is the capital of Edo State in southern Nigeria and the historic seat of the precolonial Kingdom of Benin, whose bronzes were looted by Britain in 1897.
Benin City earthworks
The Walls of Benin, known in Edo as iya, are a vast network of earthen banks and ditches around Benin City in Edo State, Nigeria.
Benin coral beadwork
Benin coral beadwork is the royal bead tradition of the Kingdom of Benin in Nigeria, in which red coral beads (ivie) mark the Oba's rank.
Benin ivory carving
Benin ivory carving is the royal court tradition of carved elephant ivory in the Kingdom of Benin, in southwestern Nigeria, from roughly the fifteenth to the nineteenth century.
Benin National Conference
The Benin National Conference (Conférence nationale des forces vives de la nation) met in Cotonou in February 1990, ending Mathieu Kérékou's Marxist regime and launching Benin's democratic transition.