All articles starting with B

Bilayer graphene

Bilayer graphene is two atomically thin carbon sheets, usually Bernal (AB) stacked, whose band gap can be opened and tuned by a perpendicular electric field.

Bilayer hexagonal ice

Bilayer hexagonal ice, also called 2D ice I or bilayer ice I, is a flat, two-molecule-thick ice phase predicted in 1997 and first imaged atom by atom in 2020.

Bilayer silica

Bilayer silica, also called 2D silica or silicatene, is a two-dimensional form of silicon dioxide about 0.5 nm thick, existing in crystalline and vitreous forms.

Bilbao, city in Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain (population 348,089 in 2024). Former industrial port transformed after 1970s deindustrialization, chiefly via the 1997 Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Bilbao effect in urban regeneration.

Bilbao LNG Terminal

The Bilbao LNG Terminal is a liquefied natural gas import and regasification plant at the Port of Bilbao, Zierbena, Spain, operated by Bahía de Bizkaia Gas since 2003.

Bilbao refinery

The Bilbao refinery is an oil refinery at Muskiz in Bizkaia, northern Spain, owned by Petronor, a subsidiary of Repsol, and the largest refinery in the Repsol system.

Sep 23, 2026

Bilbay

Bilbay (الظاهر بلباي), also known as Yalbay, was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt of the Burji line who reigned in Cairo in 1468 for about two months.

Bilbeis

Bilbeis (بلبيس, Belbeis) is a city in Sharqia governorate, Egypt, on the eastern Delta edge. Medieval capital of the Eastern Province, besieged by Crusaders in 1163–64 and 1168, home to a documented medieval Jewish community and the Sadat Quraysh mosque.

Bilberry

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), also whortleberry or European blueberry, is a low Ericaceae subshrub of temperate Eurasia with dark blue-black anthocyanin-rich berries, EU-approved traditional uses for mild diarrhoea, and unproven night-vision claims.

Bilbo Baggins

Bilbo Baggins (Bilba Labingi), Tolkien's hobbit hero of The Hobbit (1937) and figure in The Lord of the Rings: found the One Ring in T.A. 2941, first bearer to give it up voluntarily, sailed West aged 131.

Bilbo Colles

Bilbo Colles, a 164 km hill group (colles) on Titan near 4.23°S, 38.56°W, IAU-approved 2012, named for Tolkien's hobbit Bilbo; largest of Titan's six named colles.

Bilby

Bilby is an open-source Python library for Bayesian inference, built mainly for estimating masses, spins, and sky locations of compact binary mergers in gravitational-wave data.

Bilciurești

Bilciurești is Romania's largest underground natural gas storage facility, a depleted gas reservoir in Dâmbovița county about 40 km from Bucharest, in operation since 1983.

Bild

Bild (BILD) is Germany's highest-circulation tabloid daily, founded by Axel Springer and first published 24 June 1952. Flagship of Axel Springer SE's brand family (AUTO BILD, SPORT BILD), with 640 million monthly digital visits in 2026.

Bild Lilli doll

Bild Lilli doll: German fashion doll made 1955-1964 by O. M. Hausser, based on Reinhard Beuthien's Lilli cartoon in the Bild newspaper; model for Mattel's Barbie, whose rights Mattel bought in 1964.

BilD, N-terminal domain

BilD_N (BilD, N-terminal domain) is a Pfam conserved protein domain at the N-terminus of BilD-type bacterial proteins, seen in a Burkholderia cepacia GntR regulator and Kordiimonas RefSeq records.

Bildad Kaggia

Bildad Kaggia (1922–2005) was a Kenyan Kikuyu nationalist, trade unionist, and independence leader, one of the Kapenguria Six tried with Jomo Kenyatta in 1952.

Bilderberg Meeting

The Bilderberg Meeting, also called the Bilderberg group, is an annual invitation-only conference of about 130 political and business leaders from Europe and North America, held since 1954.

Sep 19, 2026

Bilderbuch

Bilderbuch is an Austrian art-pop band from Kremsmünster in Upper Austria, founded in 2005, known for a danceable mix of hip-hop, R&B, and pop sung in mixed German and English.

Bildungsroman

Bildungsroman: German term for the novel of formation or education, coined by Karl Morgenstern at Dorpat in 1819; paradigmatic example Goethe's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship; tracks a protagonist's maturation to adulthood.

Bile

Bile (gall) is the yellowish-green digestive fluid made by the liver (800–1,000 mL/day), stored in the gallbladder, and released into the duodenum; its bile salts emulsify fats, carry bilirubin out, and recycle via enterohepatic circulation, while bile acids signal through FXR and TGR5.

Bile acid

Bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid) are amphipathic steroids made from cholesterol in the liver, conjugated to glycine or taurine, recycled enterohepatically, transformed by gut bacteria into secondary bile acids, and acting via FXR and TGR5 receptors.

Bile acid malabsorption

Bile acid malabsorption (BAM, bile acid diarrhea/BAD): chronic watery diarrhea from excess colonic bile acids due to ileal reabsorption failure or excess synthesis; types 1–3; diagnosed by SeHCAT, serum C4, FGF19; treated with bile acid sequestrants.

Bile acid sequestrant

Bile acid sequestrants (BAS, bile acid resins): cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam. Non-absorbed cationic polymer gels binding bile acids in the gut, lowering LDL-C 15-30%, also improving glycemic control.

Bile bear

Bile bears, or battery bears, are captive Asiatic black bears farmed for gallbladder bile used in traditional Chinese medicine since AD 649; farming began in 1970s North Korea, and Vietnam and South Korea have phased it out while China's industry continues.

Bile duct

Bile ducts are the tubular channels that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine; their main trunk is the common bile duct, about 10 cm long, whose obstruction can cause cholangitis or cholangiocarcinoma.

Sep 29, 2026

Bile duct resection

Bile duct resection is a surgical procedure removing part or all of the bile duct, usually with reconstruction of biliary drainage, to treat cancer, strictures, and other biliary disease.