All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Binangonan
Binangonan is a first class municipality in Rizal province, Philippines, on Laguna de Bay, with 40 barangays (17 on Talim Island), 72.70 sq km of territory, a 1621 parish origin, and the Santa Ursula Parish church as its landmark.
BINAP
BINAP (2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl) is an axially chiral diphosphine ligand developed by Ryoji Noyori and Hidemasa Takaya, whose metal complexes are widely used in asymmetric hydrogenation and the Takasago menthol process.
Binapacryl
Binapacryl (CAS 485-31-4), an obsolete dinitrophenol ester of dinoseb used as an acaricide and fungicide against spider mites and powdery mildews; made by Hoechst until 1987, banned in the EU and listed under Rotterdam Convention Annex III.
Binapani Mohanty
Binapani Mohanty (Odia: ବୀଣାପାଣି ମହାନ୍ତି; 1936–2022) was an Indian Odia short story writer and novelist whose story "Pata Dei" won the 1990 Sahitya Akademi Award.
Binarized neural network
A binarized neural network (BNN) is a neural network whose weights and activations are constrained to two values, replacing multiplications with bitwise logic for efficient inference.
Binary arithmetic
Binary arithmetic is arithmetic in base 2 using only the digits 0 and 1, the arithmetic of electronic computers, first described by Leibniz around 1679.
Binary black hole
A binary black hole is a pair of black holes orbiting a common center of mass; their mergers are the most common gravitational-wave sources detected by LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA.
Binary black hole Grand Challenge
The Binary Black Hole Grand Challenge was an NSF-funded collaboration, launched in 1993 and led by Richard Matzner, to compute the spiraling coalescence of two black holes.
Binary black hole merger simulations
Binary black hole merger simulations are numerical solutions of Einstein's vacuum equations, evolving two orbiting black holes through inspiral, merger, and ringdown, first achieved in 2005 after four decades of effort.
Binary chemical weapon
A binary chemical weapon, or binary munition, carries two relatively safe components that mix during delivery to form a lethal nerve agent such as sarin or VX.
Binary code
Binary code, also called binary coding, is a base-2 system representing information using only the digits 0 and 1; modern digital computers encode all data as sequences of these bits.
Binary cycle power plant
A binary cycle power plant is a geothermal power plant that transfers heat from moderately hot water to a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point, which drives a turbine.
Binary decision diagram
A binary decision diagram (BDD) is a rooted directed acyclic graph that represents a Boolean function compactly; Bryant's 1986 ordered form made it canonical and useful in formal verification.
Binary explosive
A binary explosive is a high explosive of separate oxidizer and fuel, such as ammonium nitrate and nitromethane, that forms an explosive mixture when combined.
Binary file
A binary file is any file containing data stored as raw bytes rather than plain text, such as executables, images, audio files, and compressed archives, interpreted through a file format specification.
Binary Golay code
The binary Golay code is a perfect error-correcting code of length 23 that corrects any three bit errors, published by Marcel Golay in 1949 and used on NASA's Voyager missions.
Binary heap
A binary heap, also called a binary min heap, is a complete binary tree kept in an array so the smallest or largest element always sits at the root, making it the standard priority queue.
Binary logarithm
The binary logarithm, also called log2 or the base-2 logarithm, is the logarithm to base 2, the exponent y such that 2 to the power y equals x.
Binary matroid
A binary matroid is a matroid representable over the two-element field GF(2). Tutte proved in 1958 that these are exactly the matroids with no U2,4-minor.
Binary neural network
A binary neural network (BNN) is a neural network whose weights and activations are constrained to a single bit, replacing floating-point arithmetic with bit-wise operations.
Binary number
A binary number, also called a base-2 number, is written using only the digits 0 and 1, and digital computers use it to store and manipulate all data.
Binary operation
A binary operation, also called a binary operator or dyadic operation, is a function combining two elements of a set to yield an element of the same set.
Binary opposition
Binary opposition: a pair of contrasted terms defined through mutual contrast, from Saussure's linguistics and Prague School phonology to Lévi-Strauss's myth analysis and Derrida's deconstruction of hierarchical pairs like speech/writing.
Binary option
A binary option, also called a digital or all-or-nothing option, is a derivative paying a fixed amount or zero depending on a yes-or-no condition at expiry.
Binary particle swarm optimization
Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is a discrete variant of particle swarm optimization in which particles hold binary positions, applied to feature selection and combinatorial problems.
Binary prefix
A binary prefix is a unit prefix denoting multiplication by a power of 2, such as kibi (Ki) for 1,024, introduced by the IEC in 1998.
Binary pulsar
A binary pulsar is a pulsar, a rapidly rotating neutron star, orbiting a companion star. The first, PSR B1913+16, was found in 1974 and gave the first evidence for gravitational waves.
Binary relation
A binary relation, also known as a dyadic or two-place relation, is a set of ordered pairs recording which elements of one set relate to which elements of another.
Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless
Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW), also called Qualcomm Brew, was a mobile application platform Qualcomm announced in 2001 for CDMA phones, later renamed Brew MP.
Binary search algorithm
Binary search, also known as the half-interval search or binary chop, is an algorithm that finds a target value in a sorted array in O(log n) time.