All articles starting with B
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Birnessite
Birnessite is a hydrous layered manganese oxide mineral, first described in 1956 from Birness, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and common in soils, desert varnish, and marine manganese nodules.
Birobidzhan (Биробиджан)
Birobidzhan (Биробиджан) is the capital of Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast, on the Bira River and Trans-Siberian Railway. Founded as Tikhonkaya station in 1912, renamed 1931, city 1937; center of a Soviet Jewish settlement project.
Birol Dindoruk
Birol Dindoruk is a petroleum and reservoir engineer elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2017 for contributions to enhanced oil recovery and CO2 sequestration.
BIRON
BIRON, short for Bielefeld Robot Companion, is a mobile research robot developed at Bielefeld University in Germany, known for its home-tour scenario in which it learns objects and places through speech and gestures.
Birpal
Birpal (বীৰপাল), also known as Birbor or Gayapal, was a late twelfth-century Chutia chieftain who united sixty Chutia families at Sadiya on the Brahmaputra's northern bank, traditionally founding the Chutia kingdom.
Birra Moretti
Birra Moretti, founded in 1859 in Udine by Luigi Moretti, is an Italian lager brand, also called L'Autentica; bottom-fermented 4.6% ABV beer with a 1942 moustached-man label, owned by Heineken since 1996.
Birria
Birria: slow-cooked Jalisco, Mexico stew of goat (traditionally) or beef in a dried-chile adobo, served with consomé; distinct from pit-steamed barbacoa; Tijuana beef birria and quesabirria tacos went viral in the U.S. after 2018.
Birsa Munda
Birsa Munda, known as Dharti Aba, was a Munda Adivasi religious leader who founded the Birsait faith and led the Ulgulan, an 1899–1900 uprising in Chotanagpur.
Birt Harvey
Birt Harvey (1928–2021) was an American pediatrician and Stanford professor, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics from 1989 to 1990 and a member of the National Academy of Medicine.
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, also called BHD or Hornstein-Knickenberg syndrome, is a rare inherited disorder caused by FLCN gene variants, causing skin tumors, lung cysts, and kidney cancer risk.
Birtamimab
Birtamimab (NEOD001, Hu2A4) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting misfolded light-chain amyloid fibrils for AL amyloidosis. Phase 3 VITAL and AFFIRM-AL trials failed; development discontinued in May 2025.
Birte Siech
Birte Siech (Böhme), born 1967 in East Berlin, is a German rower who won Olympic gold in the women's coxed four for East Germany at Seoul 1988 and bronze in the coxless four for Germany at Barcelona 1992.
Birte Weigang
Birte Weigang (born 1968, Leipzig) is a former East German swimmer, 1988 Olympic medley relay champion and double butterfly silver medalist, later a confirmed GDR doping victim who applied for compensation in 2003.
Birth
Birth (parturition) is the expulsion of a fetus and membranes at the end of gestation in viviparous animals. Key facts: hormone-controlled labor, over 150 independent evolutionary origins of live birth, human birth not uniquely difficult.
Birth (2004 film)
Birth is a 2004 drama film directed by Jonathan Glazer, starring Nicole Kidman as a widow convinced a 10-year-old boy is her dead husband reborn.
Birth aboard aircraft and ships
Birth aboard aircraft and ships, also called birth at sea, is the legal problem of determining a child's nationality when born where no state's sovereignty applies.
Birth certificate
A birth certificate, also called a certification of live birth, is an official document certifying a person's birth details and serving as a first legal proof of identity.
Birth control
Birth control (contraception): methods to prevent pregnancy, from IUDs and implants (under 1% failure) to pills, condoms, and sterilization; emergency contraception within 5 days; global unmet need 164 million women.
Birth defect
Birth defect (congenital anomaly, congenital disorder): structural or functional abnormality present at or before birth. Affects 1 in 33 US births; leading cause of US infant death; causes mostly unknown; folic acid prevents neural tube defects.
Birth depression
Birth depression (ICD-11 KD30) is cardiorespiratory and neurological depression in a newborn, graded by 5-minute Apgar score (0-3, 4-6) or cord-blood metabolic acidaemia; distinct from maternal perinatal depression.
Birth injury to scalp
Birth injury to scalp (ICD-11 KA42): delivery-related scalp damage including caput succedaneum, subgaleal hemorrhage, cephalhematoma, bruising, and chignon, with layer-specific anatomy, incidence, and outcomes.
Birth Legend of Sargon of Akkad
The Birth Legend of Sargon of Akkad, also called the Legend of Sargon of Akkad, is an Akkadian pseudo-autobiography recounting Sargon's birth and rise to kingship.
Birth name
Birth name: the name given to a person at birth, also called the name assigned at birth, differing from current, legal, or chosen names. Covers adoptees, marriage surname changes, deadnames of trans people, and birth registration.
Birth of a Beauty (미녀의 탄생)
Birth of a Beauty (미녀의 탄생) is a 2014 SBS South Korean romantic-comedy revenge drama in which a mistreated housewife, Sa Geum Ran, transforms into Sara via full-body plastic surgery; 21 episodes, starring Joo Sang Wook, Han Ye Seul, Jung Gyu Woon, and Wang Ji Hye.
Birth of the Cool
Birth of the Cool, first titled on a 1957 Capitol LP, collects Miles Davis Nonet recordings from 1949–50 with Gil Evans, Gerry Mulligan, and John Lewis arrangements, French horn and tuba textures, and credit as a starting point of cool jazz.
Birth of the Dragon
Birth of the Dragon is a 2017 George Nolfi martial arts drama, also known as a Bruce Lee origin film, dramatizing his disputed 1964 Oakland fight with Wong Jack Man; Philip Ng, Yu Xia, and Billy Magnussen star, premiered at TIFF 2016.
Birth of the New World
Birth of the New World (Nacimiento del Nuevo Mundo, La Estatua de Colón) is a 110-meter bronze Christopher Columbus statue by Zurab Tsereteli in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, completed 2016; tallest sculpture in the Western Hemisphere, rejected by several U.S. cities.
Birth order
Birth order is a person's rank by age among siblings (firstborn, middle, youngest, only child). Studied since Galton and Adler, it shows a small intelligence decline for laterborns but no reliable Big Five personality effects.
Birth process
The birth process, or pure birth process, is a continuous-time Markov chain that only moves upward, counting births or arrivals; the Poisson process is a constant-rate special case.
Birth rate
Birth rate (crude birth rate): live births per 1,000 mid-year population per year; also CBR. Core fertility measure in demography; CBR minus CDR gives natural increase; differs from total fertility rate, which adjusts for age structure.