All articles starting with B
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Bismarck Archipelago (protected area)
Bismarck Archipelago (protected area): FEOW freshwater ecoregion 817 off northeast New Guinea, PNG, covering New Britain, New Ireland, and Manus; one endemic fish, Stenogobius alleni; conservation via the Bismarck Forest Corridor, Bismarck Seascape, and the 2025-2030 SoNG project.
Bismarck Archipelago campaign
The Bismarck Archipelago campaign was a World War II Allied operation, running from December 1943 to November 1944, to isolate and neutralize the Japanese stronghold at Rabaul in the Bismarck Archipelago.
Bismarck Sea
Bismarck Sea, semi-enclosed equatorial sea off northeastern Papua New Guinea, bounded by the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain, New Ireland, Manus). Former center of German New Guinea; back-arc basin with Manus Basin spreading, rich coral biodiversity, Solwara 1 seabed mine.
Bismarck Strait
Bismarck Strait (Bismarckstraße), Antarctic strait in the Palmer Archipelago between Anvers, Wiencke Islands and the Wilhelm Archipelago at 64°51'S 63°58'W; explored 1874 by Eduard Dallmann and named for Prince Otto von Bismarck.
Bismarck-class battleship
The Bismarck class was a pair of German battleships, Bismarck and Tirpitz, built in the late 1930s; Bismarck sank the British battlecruiser Hood in May 1941.
Bismarck, North Dakota
Bismarck, North Dakota: state capital on the Missouri River, founded 1872 as Edwinton, renamed 1873 for Otto von Bismarck; 73,622 residents (2020 census), hub of government, healthcare, and energy.
Bismillah Khan
Ustad Bismillah Khan (21 March 1916 – 21 August 2006), born Qamaruddin Khan in Dumraon, Bihar, was the Indian shehnai virtuoso who took the double-reed folk instrument onto the classical concert stage, played at the 1947 Red Fort independence ceremony, and received the Bharat Ratna in 2001.
Bismuth
Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83, a brittle, silvery metal with a pink tinge and the leading nontoxic replacement for lead.
Bismuth antimony thermoelectrics
Bismuth antimony (Bi-Sb) thermoelectrics are alloys of bismuth and antimony that convert heat to electricity or pump heat, and are the leading n-type thermoelectric material below about 200 K.
Bismuth copper oxyselenide
Bismuth copper oxyselenide (BiCuSeO) is a layered oxychalcogenide semiconductor, first reported as a thermoelectric in 2010, combining a high Seebeck coefficient, very low thermal conductivity, and cheap, non-toxic elements.
Bismuth electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Bismuth electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction are cathode materials, usually metallic bismuth or bismuth compounds, that convert carbon dioxide to formate or formic acid while suppressing hydrogen evolution.
Bismuth ferrite
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃, BFO) is a perovskite oxide that is both ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic at room temperature, making it the most studied single-phase multiferroic material.
Bismuth germanate
Bismuth germanate (Bi4Ge3O12, BGO) is a dense scintillator crystal that converts gamma rays into flashes of visible light, long used in PET scanners and high-energy physics detectors.
Bismuth oxide
Bismuth oxide, also called bismuth(III) oxide or bismuth yellow, is a yellow compound of bismuth and oxygen, known as the mineral bismite and as a pigment.
Bismuth oxybromide
Bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) is an inorganic compound of bismuth, oxygen, and bromine with a layered structure, studied as a visible-light photocatalyst for degrading wastewater pollutants.
Bismuth oxychloride
Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) is an odorless white inorganic solid, best known as the pearlescent pigment C.I. 77163 in cosmetics and as a semiconductor photocatalyst for pollutant degradation.
Bismuth oxyiodide
Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) is a layered bismuth oxyhalide semiconductor with a band gap of about 1.70 eV, known for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water.
Bismuth oxyselenide
Bismuth oxyselenide (Bi₂O₂Se) is a layered quasi-2D semiconductor with high electron mobility, a tunable silicon-like bandgap, and a native high-κ oxide, making it a leading postsilicon transistor material.
Bismuth quadruple therapy
Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is a four-drug regimen of a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole that eradicates Helicobacter pylori; the 2024 ACG guideline names it the preferred first-line treatment when antibiotic susceptibility is unknown.
Bismuth silicon oxide
Bismuth silicon oxide, Bi12SiO20, commonly abbreviated BSO, is a cubic bismuth sillenite crystal grown by the Czochralski method and used for holographic recording and high-temperature ultrasonic sensing.
Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BSCCO) is a family of cuprate high-temperature superconductors reported in 1988 in Japan, with phases superconducting at 20, 80, and 110 K.
Bismuth subcarbonate
Bismuth subcarbonate is an insoluble basic bismuth carbonate with the formula (BiO)₂CO₃, used in medicine as an antacid and astringent and studied as a layered semiconductor photocatalyst.
Bismuth subsalicylate
Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS, Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) is an OTC antidiarrheal and stomach remedy, C7H5BiO4, that converts in the gut to salicylic acid and poorly absorbed bismuth salts; used for diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea prevention.
Bismuth telluride
Bismuth telluride is a gray crystalline semiconductor compound of bismuth and tellurium, the leading thermoelectric material near room temperature and also a model three-dimensional topological insulator.
Bismuth telluride iodide
Bismuth telluride iodide (BiTeI) is a polar, layered semiconductor whose bulk bands show a record Rashba spin splitting, and pressure turns it into a topological insulator.
Bismuth telluride selenide
Bismuth telluride selenide (Bi₂Te₂Se) is a ternary compound of bismuth, tellurium, and selenium, the first bulk topological insulator with an insulating interior and measurable conducting surface states.
Bismuth titanate
Bismuth titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂) is a lead-free layered ferroelectric oxide of the Aurivillius family, with a Curie temperature of 675 °C, studied for high-temperature piezoelectric sensors.
Bismuth vanadate
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is an n-type semiconductor oxide photocatalyst with a bandgap of about 2.4 eV that absorbs visible light and serves as a photoanode in water splitting and degradation of organic pollutants.
Bismuth-209
Bismuth-209 is the only naturally occurring isotope of bismuth, long thought stable but shown in 2003 to decay with a half-life of about 2 × 10^19 years.
Bismuth-213
Bismuth-213 is a radioactive isotope of bismuth with a half-life of 45.6 minutes that decays to alpha-emitting polonium-213, and is used in targeted alpha therapy against leukemia and other cancers.