All articles starting with B
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BMP file format
The BMP file format, also known as the Device-Independent Bitmap (DIB) format, is a raster graphics image format used to store bitmap digital images, primarily on Microsoft Windows and OS/2.
BMP-1 (БМП-1)
The BMP-1 (БМП-1) is a Soviet amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicle that entered service in 1966 as the world's first mass-produced vehicle of its type, carrying three crew and eight infantrymen.
BMP-2
The BMP-2, also written BMP-II, is a Soviet amphibious infantry fighting vehicle developed from the BMP-1, carrying a stabilized 30-mm cannon in a two-man turret.
BMP-3 (БМП-3)
The BMP-3 (БМП-3) is a Soviet and Russian amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, armed with a 100 mm gun-launcher and a 30 mm autocannon, in service since 1987.
BMP1
BMP1 (bone morphogenetic protein 1, procollagen C-proteinase-1) is an astacin metalloprotease gene product, not a TGF-β growth factor, that matures collagens, activates lysyl oxidase and TGF-β factors, and causes osteogenesis imperfecta when mutated.
BMP15
BMP15, also known as GDF9B, is a protein secreted by egg cells that regulates follicle development and ovulation, with variants linked to primary ovarian insufficiency.
BMP2
BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, Gene ID 650) is a TGF-beta superfamily signaling protein that induces bone formation; recombinant rhBMP-2 (InFuse) is used in spinal fusion, tibial non-union, and maxillofacial reconstruction, with a 2008 FDA black box warning for cervical use.
BMP4
BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4, also ZYME, BMP2B, MCOPS6) is a human gene at 14q22.2 encoding a secreted TGF-beta superfamily ligand that signals via SMAD1/5/8, governing embryonic development; loss-of-function variants cause microphthalmia, orofacial cleft, and digit anomalies.
BMP6
BMP6, or bone morphogenetic protein 6, is a secreted TGF-beta signaling protein encoded on chromosome 6 that serves as the principal regulator of the iron hormone hepcidin.
BMP7
BMP7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7, OP-1), a TGF-β superfamily growth factor gene at 20q13.31, drives kidney, skeletal, and eye development, protects the injured adult kidney from fibrosis and inflammation, and is FDA-approved as rhOP-1 for tibial nonunion.
BMPR1A
BMPR1A (ALK3, CD292) is a type I BMP receptor gene encoding a 532-amino-acid serine/threonine kinase receptor for BMP2, BMP4, GDF5, and GDF6 that activates SMAD signaling; germline loss-of-function variants cause autosomal dominant juvenile polyposis syndrome.
BMPR1B
BMPR1B (ALK6, CDw293) is a human chromosome 4q22.3 gene encoding a type I BMP serine/threonine kinase receptor signaling via SMAD1/5/8; biallelic variants cause acromesomelic dysplasia 3, monoallelic variants brachydactyly types A2 and A1D.
BMPR2
BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, PPH1) is a chromosome 2 gene encoding a TGF-beta superfamily serine/threonine kinase receptor; its loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension with 20-30% penetrance.
BMPT Terminator
The BMPT Terminator, meaning Tank Support Fighting Vehicle, is a Russian armored vehicle on the T-72 chassis that escorts tanks by suppressing infantry and anti-tank teams.
BMS symmetry
BMS symmetry is the infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetry group at null infinity of asymptotically flat spacetimes in general relativity, found in the 1960s: Lorentz transformations plus infinitely many supertranslations.
BMW
BMW, also known as Bayerische Motoren Werke or Bavarian Motor Works, is a German car and motorcycle maker founded in 1916 and headquartered in Munich, with Rolls-Royce and MINI among its brands.
BMW 02 Series
The BMW 02 Series, also known as the BMW E10, was a range of two-door compact sedans sold from 1966 to 1977, with over 860,000 units built.
BMW 1 Series
The BMW 1 Series is a compact premium car produced by German automaker BMW since September 2004, succeeding the 3 Series Compact and now in its fourth front-wheel-drive generation.
BMW 1 Series (E87)
The BMW 1 Series (E87), known by its chassis code E87, is the first generation of BMW's compact hatchback, produced from 2004 to 2011 with rear-wheel drive.
BMW 1 Series (F20)
BMW 1 Series (F20/F21), second-generation BMW compact hatchback built 2011–2019 at Leipzig; the last rear-wheel-drive 1 Series, with 95–340 PS engines, M135i/M140i flagships, and the front-drive F40 successor from July 2019.
BMW 1 Series (F70)
The BMW 1 Series (F70) is the fourth generation of BMW's compact five-door hatchback, revealed in June 2024 as the successor to the F40 generation.
BMW 2 Series
The BMW 2 Series is a range of compact premium cars made by BMW since 2014, spanning a rear-wheel-drive coupé, a four-door Gran Coupé, and Active Tourer minivans.
BMW 2 Series (F22)
The BMW 2 Series (F22), or BMW F22, is the first-generation BMW 2 Series Coupé, a compact rear-wheel-drive two-door produced by BMW from 2013 to 2021 as successor to the 1 Series Coupé.
BMW 2 Series Active Tourer
The BMW 2 Series Active Tourer is a compact premium MPV built by BMW since 2014, the company's first people carrier and first front-wheel-drive model.
BMW 3 Series
The BMW 3 Series, also called the BMW Three Series, is a line of compact executive cars built by BMW since 1975 as successor to the 02 Series.
BMW 3 Series (E21)
The BMW 3 Series (E21), known as the BMW E21, is the first generation of the 3 Series, built from 1975 to 1983 with over 1.3 million sold.
BMW 3 Series (E30)
The BMW 3 Series (E30) is the second generation of BMW's compact executive car, built from 1982 to 1994 and the basis of the first BMW M3.
BMW 3 Series (E36)
The BMW 3 Series (E36) is the third generation of BMW's compact executive car, built from 1990 to 2000 in coupe, sedan, convertible, touring, and compact styles.
BMW 3 Series (E46)
The BMW 3 Series (E46) is the fourth generation of BMW's 3 Series, produced from 1997 to 2006 and its best-selling 3 Series ever, at over 3.3 million units.
BMW 3 Series (E90)
The BMW 3 Series (E90) is the four-door sedan of the fifth-generation BMW 3 Series, built from 2005 to 2012 alongside the E91 wagon, E92 coupe, and E93 convertible.