All articles starting with B
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Bolivar Trask
Bolivar Trask, Marvel Comics anthropologist and Sentinels creator, debuted in X-Men #14 (1965) by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby; father of Larry Trask, died stopping Master Mold, portrayed by Bill Duke and Peter Dinklage in film.
Bolívar, Venezuela
Bolívar is a Venezuelan state in the Guayana region south of the Orinoco, capital Ciudad Bolívar. Known for the Orinoco Mining Arc (111,843.70 km²), Guri dam (10,200 MW), Canaima National Park, and mining-driven deforestation and Indigenous displacement.
Bolivarian National Armed Forces of Venezuela
The Bolivarian National Armed Forces (Fuerza Armada Nacional Bolivariana, FANB) are Venezuela's unified military, five components under the President as commander-in-chief, with substantial equipment but critically low readiness.
Bolivarian Revolution
Bolivarian Revolution: socialist-inspired Venezuelan governing project launched by Hugo Chávez after his 1998 election and continued by Nicolás Maduro, built on the 1999 Constitution, social programs, participatory democracy, and PDVSA oil control; declared at an end after Maduro's 2026 capture.
Bolivarianism
Bolivarianism is a Latin American political ideology invoking Simón Bolívar as its source of legitimacy, emerging in the twentieth century and governing Venezuela under Hugo Chávez's Bolivarian Revolution.
Bolivia
Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), landlocked South American country of 11.3 million bordering Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Paraguay, and Chile; lower-middle-income, 38% Indigenous, gas and mineral exporter, world's largest lithium resources, in economic and political transition since 2025.
Bolivia during the Chaco War
Bolivia during the Chaco War (1932–1935) fought Paraguay over the disputed Chaco Boreal, lost about 115,000 square miles, and suffered a crisis that reshaped the country.
Bolivia national football team
Bolivia national football team, La Verde, Bolivia's men's FIFA/CONMEBOL side since 1926; three World Cups (1930, 1950, 1994), Copa América champions 1963, runners-up 1997, famed for high-altitude home venues in La Paz and El Alto.
Bolivian Agrarian Reform of 1953
The Bolivian Agrarian Reform of 1953 (Reforma Agraria de 1953) was a decree by which President Víctor Paz Estenssoro's government abolished the latifundium and unpaid peasant labor.
Bolivian boliviano
The boliviano (ISO code BOB) is Bolivia's national currency, issued by the Banco Central de Bolivia, replacing the Bolivian peso in 1987 and floated in June 2026.
Bolivian Civil War of 1898–1899
The Bolivian Civil War of 1898–1899, known in Bolivia as the Federal War (Guerra Federal), pitted La Paz Liberals led by José Manuel Pando against the Conservative government at Sucre, ending Conservative rule.
Bolivian Civil War of 1949
The Bolivian Civil War of 1949 (guerra civil de 1949) was an armed MNR insurrection against Bolivia's conservative government, suppressed by the army in September 1949.
Bolivian Constituent Assembly of 2006–2007
The Bolivian Constituent Assembly of 2006–2007 (Asamblea Constituyente) was a 255-member elected body convened under Evo Morales that wrote Bolivia's new constitution, delivered to Congress in December 2007.
Bolivian Constitution of 1826
The Bolivian Constitution of 1826 was Bolivia's first constitution, drafted by Simón Bolívar and promulgated by Marshal Sucre, establishing a lifetime presidency and a tricameral legislature.
Bolivian Constitution of 1938
The Bolivian Constitution of 1938 (Constitución Política del Estado de 1938) was Bolivia's twelfth constitution and the first to recognize social rights, promulgated by President Germán Busch.
Bolivian Constitution of 1967
The Bolivian Constitution of 1967 (Constitución Política del Estado de 1967) was Bolivia's fundamental law, promulgated under General René Barrientos and in force until the 2009 Constitution replaced it.
Bolivian Constitution of 2009
The Bolivian Constitution of 2009 is Bolivia's fundamental law, approved by referendum and promulgated by Evo Morales, renaming the country the Plurinational State of Bolivia.
Bolivian constitutional reform of 1994
The Bolivian constitutional reform of 1994, enacted as Law 1585 under President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, redefined Bolivia as a multiethnic, pluricultural republic and recognized indigenous rights.
Bolivian Declaration of Independence
The Bolivian Declaration of Independence (Acta de Independencia de Bolivia) is the act by which Upper Peru proclaimed independence from Spain on 6 August 1825, creating Bolivia.
Bolivian democratic transition
The Bolivian democratic transition was Bolivia's return to elected civilian rule on October 10, 1982, ending military rule that had resisted elections in 1978, 1979, and 1980.
Bolivian education reform of 1955
The Bolivian education reform of 1955 established a single national school system through the Bolivian Education Code, opening schooling to the rural, indigenous majority for the first time.
Bolivian gas nationalization of 2006
The Bolivian gas nationalization of 2006 was a May 1 decree by President Evo Morales requiring all gas and oil production to be delivered to the state company YPFB.
Bolivian Gas War
The Bolivian Gas War (Guerra del Gas) was a wave of protest over gas exports through Chile that forced President Sánchez de Lozada's resignation in October 2003.
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, or Machupo virus disease, is a rodent-borne arenaviral hemorrhagic fever endemic to Bolivia's Beni department, first recognized in 1959, with 25–35% case fatality, Calomys callosus reservoir, and no licensed vaccine.
Bolivian High
The Bolivian High is a warm-core upper-tropospheric anticyclone over the central Andes during the austral summer, driven by Amazonian heating and carrying moist air that supplies the Altiplano's rainy season.
Bolivian hunger strikes of 1977–1978
The Bolivian hunger strikes of 1977–1978 began with four miners' wives in La Paz and grew to about 1,200 strikers, forcing dictator Hugo Banzer to grant amnesty.
Bolivian hyperinflation 1984-85
The Bolivian hyperinflation of 1984-85 raised consumer prices 625-fold, the only true hyperinflation in thirty-five years, and was halted within ten days by President Paz Estenssoro's Decree 21060.
Bolivian immigration to Argentina
Bolivian immigration to Argentina is a long-standing migration flow, historically seasonal harvest work in the northwest and now urban labor, with about 345,000 Bolivian-born residents at the 2010 census.
Bolivian land reform of 2006
The Bolivian land reform of 2006 was a law under President Evo Morales that accelerated land distribution, expropriated unproductive estates, and titled indigenous community lands.
Bolivian National Revolution
The Bolivian National Revolution was the April 1952 insurrection in which the MNR overthrew Bolivia's military government, launching universal suffrage, mine nationalization, and agrarian reform.