All articles starting with B
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Bolshoye Maslennikovo
Bolshoye Maslennikovo (Большое Масленниково) is a village in Tutayevsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, in Chebakovskoye rural settlement; birthplace area of cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, with her grandmother's 19th-century house now a registered heritage monument.
Bolsonarism
Bolsonarism (bolsonarismo) is the far-right Brazilian political movement around Jair Bolsonaro: 2018 election win, agribusiness-military-evangelical coalition, environmental dismantling, January 8, 2023 uprising, and post-presidency persistence.
Bolt (2008 film)
Bolt (2008) is a Walt Disney Animation Studios computer-animated comedy-adventure, directed by Chris Williams and Byron Howard, about a TV super-dog voiced by John Travolta; Disney's first feature designed for 3-D, Oscar-nominated, formerly titled American Dog.
Bolt (company)
Bolt, formerly Taxify and mTakso, is an Estonian mobility platform founded by Markus Villig in Tallinn in 2013, offering ride-hailing, scooter rentals, car-sharing, and delivery services.
Bolt (fastener)
A bolt is a headed, externally threaded fastener inserted through unthreaded holes and secured by a nut, clamping parts together through tension, distinct from a screw.
Bolt action
Bolt action is a manual firearm operating mechanism in which the shooter cycles a bolt by hand to load, fire, extract, and eject each cartridge.
Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.
Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. is a research and engineering company founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1948, known for building the ARPANET and sending the first network email.
Bolt Biotherapeutics
Bolt Biotherapeutics, formerly Bolt Therapeutics, Inc., is a California biopharmaceutical company founded in 2015 to commercialize Stanford dendritic-cell research, developing Boltbody immune-stimulating antibody conjugates for cancer.
Bolt carrier group
The bolt carrier group (BCG) is the moving assembly of a gas-operated firearm that chamber, locks, fires, extracts, and ejects each cartridge, central to the AR-15/M16 rifles designed by Eugene Stoner.
Bolt preload
Bolt preload, also called clamp load or pretension, is the tensile force introduced into a bolt when tightened, clamping the joint together and protecting the bolt against fatigue.
Bolt Threads
Bolt Threads, incorporated as Refactored Materials, Inc. in 2009, is a California biotechnology company that developed spider-silk fibers, mycelium leather, and b-silk protein ingredients, and went public in 2024.
Bolt Thrower
Bolt Thrower: Coventry, England death metal band (1986-2016), founded as Bolthrower by Gavin Ward and Barry Thomson, war-themed lyrics and Warhammer 40K artwork, eight albums from In Battle There Is No Law to Those Once Loyal.
Bolt.new
Bolt.new is an AI-powered web development agent by StackBlitz that lets users prompt, run, edit, and deploy full-stack apps entirely in the browser, launched in October 2024.
Bolton
Bolton is a town in Greater Manchester, England, that became a major center of fine cotton spinning, and where Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule in 1779.
Bolton Wanderers F.C.
Bolton Wanderers F.C., English club founded 1874 (Christ Church FC), Football League founder 1888, four-time FA Cup winners (1923, 1926, 1929, 1958), promoted to the Championship via the 2026 League One play-offs.
Boltz-1
Boltz-1 is an open-source deep learning model released by MIT on November 16, 2024, which predicts the 3D structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and ligands from their sequences.
Boltzmann (lunar crater)
Boltzmann is a 72.31-km lunar impact crater at 74.82°S, 90.41°W near the Moon's western limb, named for Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann and IAU-approved in 1964; barely observable from Earth.
Boltzmann brain
The Boltzmann brain is a hypothetical self-aware brain arising by random thermal fluctuation from thermal equilibrium, a skeptical paradox in cosmology named for Ludwig Boltzmann.
Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant, symbol k, relates temperature to energy at the molecular scale, and since 2018 has the exact value 1.380649 × 10⁻²³ J/K, defining the kelvin.
Boltzmann distribution
The Boltzmann distribution, also known as the Gibbs distribution, gives the probability that a system in thermal equilibrium at temperature T occupies a microstate of energy E, with populations weighted by the Boltzmann factor.
Boltzmann equation
The Boltzmann equation, also called the Boltzmann transport equation, is a non-linear partial differential equation, derived by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, that governs the behavior of non-equilibrium dilute gases.
Boltzmann generator
A Boltzmann generator is a machine learning method introduced by Frank Noé and colleagues in 2019 that samples equilibrium states of many-body systems with deep learning.
Boltzmann machine
The Boltzmann machine is a stochastic generative neural network of binary units, introduced by Ackley, Hinton, and Sejnowski in 1985 and named after Ludwig Boltzmann, whose distribution governs its states.
Boltzmann sampler
A Boltzmann sampler is a randomized algorithm that draws objects from a combinatorial class with probability proportional to a power of their size, introduced in 2004.
Boltzmann solver
A Boltzmann solver is a numerical code integrating the Einstein–Boltzmann equations to compute cosmic microwave background spectra and the matter power spectrum of cosmological models.
Boltzmann's entropy formula
Boltzmann's entropy formula, S = k ln W, defines entropy as the Boltzmann constant times the logarithm of the number of microstates of a thermodynamic state.
Bolu
Bolu (孛鲁) was a Mongol commander of the early Mongol Empire, son and successor of Muqali, who led campaigns in northern China for Genghis Khan.
Bolu (city)
Bolu, city and provincial capital in Turkey's western Black Sea region at 710 m elevation; ancient Bithynium-Claudiopolis; 180,197 city-center population (2019); known for earthquakes, Abant İzzet Baysal University, and tourism.
Bolu Göynük Coal Mine
The Bolu Göynük Coal Mine is an operating surface lignite mine in Göynük, Bolu Province, Türkiye, supplying the adjacent 270 MW Aksa Enerji thermal power station.
Bolus (medicine)
Bolus (medicine): a single dose of a drug given over a short period, by IV injection, infusion, or mouth, to reach an effective blood concentration quickly; contrasted with continuous infusion in diuretic, antibiotic, and insulin dosing.