All articles starting with B

Bone marrow

Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside bones that makes red and white blood cells and platelets; red marrow performs hematopoiesis, yellow stores fat, and donated marrow or peripheral-blood stem cells treat leukemia and other blood cancers.

Bone marrow ablation

Bone marrow ablation, also called myeloablation, is the destruction of a patient's hematopoietic stem cells with high-dose radiation or chemotherapy before a stem cell transplant.

Bone marrow biopsy

A bone marrow biopsy is an invasive diagnostic procedure that removes a solid core of bone and marrow, usually from the posterior hip bone, for microscopic examination.

Oct 20, 2026

Bone marrow cell

Bone marrow cell (Cell Ontology CL:0002092) is any cell found in the bone marrow: fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells, including niche stromal cells supporting blood formation.

Bone marrow examination

Bone marrow examination is a diagnostic procedure in which marrow is drawn by aspiration and core biopsy, usually from the posterior iliac crest, to diagnose blood disorders.

Bone marrow macrophage

Bone marrow macrophage (MF.BM, CL:0002476): tissue-resident marrow macrophage, CD115+/F4/80+, central nurse cell of erythroblastic islands supplying iron, cytokines, and nuclear clearance for erythropoiesis.

Bone Marrow Purging

Bone marrow purging (hematopoietic stem cell purging) removes residual tumor cells from a graft ex vivo before autologous or allogeneic transplant, using pharmacologic agents such as 4-HC and mafosfamide, immunologic methods, or CD34+ selection; clinical benefit remains unproven in randomized trials.

Bone marrow stimulation

Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) is an arthroscopic surgical technique used for focal defects in the knee and ankle, involving drilling through the subchondral bone to release marrow cells.

Bone meal

Bone meal (harina de huesos): ground steamed animal bones used as feed and fertilizer; 1.5-2.5% N, 12-15% P, 20-34% Ca; mammalian MBM banned from cattle feed after the BSE crisis.

Bone morphogenetic protein

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), also called BMP-2/BMP-7, are TGF-β superfamily signaling molecules discovered by Urist in 1965 that induce bone formation; recombinant rhBMP-2 (InFUSE) is used in spinal fusion, fracture repair, and dental bone grafting.

Bone Nails

Bone nails, or intramedullary nails, are metal rods inserted into a long bone's medullary cavity to stabilize fractures, standard for most femoral and tibial shaft fractures; modern nailing began with Küntscher in 1939.

Bone oil

Bone oil, also called Dippel's oil (CAS 8001-85-2), is a dark, foul-smelling nitrogenous liquid from destructive distillation of bones; used as an animal repellent, not EU-approved as a pesticide; pyridine was first isolated from it in 1846.

Bone Plates

Bone plates: metallic implants fixed to fractured bones with screws for internal fixation (osteosynthesis). Evolved from Lane 1895 and Danis 1949 compression plating to modern locking plates; stainless steel or titanium.

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling: continuous osteoclast resorption and osteoblast formation of bone in basic multicellular units, in four phases, regulated by RANKL/RANK/OPG; measured clinically via PINP and β-CTX-I turnover markers.

Bone resorption

Bone resorption: osteoclasts dissolve bone mineral and matrix via acid and cathepsin K, regulated by RANKL/RANK/OPG; tracked by CTX and NTX markers and suppressed by bisphosphonates and denosumab.

Bone scan

A bone scan, or bone scintigraphy, is a nuclear medicine imaging test in which a radioactive tracer reveals abnormal bone turnover across the whole skeleton.

Bone Screws

Bone screws are orthopedic implants used to fix fractures, anchor plates, nails, and soft tissue to bone. Regulated under ASTM F543-23 and 21 CFR 888.3040; titanium, steel, or cobalt-chromium; main failure is loosening.

Oct 22, 2026

Bone Sultanate

The Bone Sultanate (Kesultanan Bone) was a Bugis kingdom in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, founded in the 14th century and made a Dutch dependency in 1860.

Bone Thugs-n-Harmony

Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, also called Bone Thugs, is a Cleveland hip-hop group formed in the early 1990s by Krayzie, Layzie, Bizzy, Wish, and Flesh-N-Bone, known for chopper rap with vocal harmonies, E. 1999 Eternal, and the Grammy-winning "Tha Crossroads."

Bone Tomahawk

Bone Tomahawk is a 2015 Western-horror film, S. Craig Zahler's directorial debut, starring Kurt Russell, Patrick Wilson, Richard Jenkins, and Matthew Fox as a posse rescuing townsfolk kidnapped by cannibalistic troglodytes; 132 minutes, $1.8 million budget, 91% on Rotten Tomatoes.

Bone tumor

Bone tumor: abnormal growth in bone, either primary (benign or malignant, e.g. osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chordoma) or metastatic from breast, prostate, or lung cancer; rare, diagnosed by radiographs, MRI, and biopsy.

Oct 22, 2026

Bone War

The Bone War (Perang Bone) was a conflict between the Bugis Kingdom of Bone in South Sulawesi and the Dutch colonial government, fought mainly in 1824 and 1825.

Bone Wars

The Bone Wars, or Great Dinosaur Rush, was the 1870s–1890s fossil-hunting feud between paleontologists O.C. Marsh and E.D. Cope, yielding over a hundred new species, including Triceratops, while ruining both men financially.

Bone-Anchored Prosthesis

Bone-anchored prosthesis (osseointegration, OPRA, ILP, OPL): artificial limb fixed to a titanium implant in the residual limb bone, first done 1990 in Sweden; FDA-approved OPRA 2020; over 1,000 patients.

Bone-Implant Interface

Bone-implant interface (bone-prosthesis interface): the bone-implant bonding zone underlying osseointegration, defined in MeSH 2016; stability depends on BIC, micromotion under 150 µm, and stiffness match.

Oct 22, 2026

Bone-mimetic 3D-printed scaffold

A bone-mimetic 3D-printed scaffold is a porous, additively manufactured structure of polymers, bioceramics, or metals that copies natural bone to guide new bone growth, often degrading as replacement bone forms.