All articles starting with B
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Bose–Mesner algebra
The Bose–Mesner algebra is the commutative matrix algebra generated by the adjacency matrices of an association scheme, named for Bose and Mesner, who introduced it in 1959.
Bose: Dead/Alive
Bose: Dead/Alive is a 2017 Indian ALTBalaji historical drama miniseries, nine episodes, based on Anuj Dhar's book India's Biggest Cover-Up, starring Rajkummar Rao as Subhas Chandra Bose and exploring theories around his 1945 death.
Bosentan
Bosentan (Tracleer) is an oral dual ETA/ETB endothelin receptor antagonist approved in 2001 for pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic sclerosis digital ulcers, with hepatotoxicity REMS monitoring and CYP2C9/3A interactions.
Boset
Boset (Boset-Bericha, Boseti) is a twin stratovolcano complex (Gudda and Bericha) in the northern Main Ethiopian Rift, 17 x 20 km, summit 2,447 m, caldera formed after ~120 ka, with Holocene explosive eruptions including the ~600-year-old Boset Pumice.
Bosh
Bosh is a two-row mancala (sowing) board game played by the Darod clan in Somalia, first described by G. Marin in 1931; two rows of five holes, four stones each, Indian-style laps, capture beside an empty hole.
Boshin Rescript
The Boshin Rescript (討伐慶喜ノ勅命) was an 1868 imperial rescript in which Emperor Meiji declared the former shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu a rebel and ordered his suppression.
Boshin War (戊辰戦争)
The Boshin War (戊辰戦争), or Boshin Sensō, was the Japanese civil war of 1868 to 1869 in which the new imperial army defeated the Tokugawa shogunate.
Bosideng
Bosideng (波司登) is a Chinese down apparel company founded in 1976 by tailor Gao Dekang in Changshu, near Shanghai, which has led China's down jacket market for decades.
Bosiram Siram
Bosiram Siram is an Indian National Congress politician, appointed president of the Arunachal Pradesh Congress Committee in June 2025 after serving as the state's education minister.
Boskalis
Boskalis is a Dutch dredging and marine services company with over 100 years of experience, known for land reclamation, coastal defense, and heavy marine transport projects.
Bosko, the Talk-Ink Kid
Bosko, the Talk-Ink Kid is a 1929 live-action/animated pilot short by Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising, believed the first cartoon with extensive synchronized speech; unreleased theatrically, it sold the Bosko series to Warner Bros. as Looney Tunes.
Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome
Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome (BSAS, OMIM 601536) is a rare autosomal recessive HOXA1-related disorder with bilateral Duane retraction syndrome type 3, deafness, cerebrovascular and cardiac anomalies, and sometimes autism, without central hypoventilation.
Bosman ruling
Bosman ruling: ECJ judgment of 15 December 1995, Case C-415/93, from Jean-Marc Bosman's dispute with RFC Liège; ended transfer fees for out-of-contract EU players and nationality quotas, reshaping football's transfer market.
Bosmina
Bosmina is a genus of small, filter-feeding freshwater water fleas in the family Bosminidae, established in 1845, whose subfossil remains track eutrophication and acidification in lake sediments.
Bosna (river)
The Bosna, also known as River Bosna and historically Bathinus, is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the namesake of the country, draining its largest river basin and flowing north into the Sava.
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is the larger northern historical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, mountainous with a continental climate, distinct from Mediterranean Herzegovina, named from the medieval Bosnian state, Ottoman rule, and Stjepan Vukčić Kosača's 1448 duchy of Hum.
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), a decentralized Balkan parliamentary republic under the Dayton Agreement, with two entities, a tripartite presidency, EU candidate status since 2022, and ongoing Republika Srpska separatist crisis.
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
The Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (konvertibilna marka) is the country's currency, issued by a currency board and fixed to the euro at 1.95583 per euro since 1997.
Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar
The Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar was the wartime currency issued by newly independent Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1998, when the convertible mark replaced it.
Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team
Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team (Zmajevi, the Dragons), men's team of the 1992-founded federation; first major tournament at Brazil 2014, second World Cup in 2026 under Sergej Barbarez with record scorer Edin Džeko.
Bosnia Eyalet
The Bosnia Eyalet (Bosna Eyaleti) was an Ottoman province in the Balkans, raised from a sanjak in 1580 because of Bosnia's strategic importance and ceded to Austria-Hungary in 1878.
Bosnia Vilayet
The Bosnia Vilayet (vilâyet-i Bosna) was an Ottoman province governed from Sarajevo, created in 1865 and occupied by Austria-Hungary from 1878 until its annexation in 1908.
Bosniaks (Бошњаци)
Bosniaks (Bošnjaci, Бошњаци), the South Slavic Muslim nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; official name under the 1995 Dayton Accord, formerly called Bosnian Muslims; speak Bosnian.
Bosnian Chronicle
Bosnian Chronicle (Travnička hronika), also published as The Days of the Consuls, is a 1945 historical novel by Ivo Andrić set in Travnik from 1807 to 1814, when French and Austrian consuls served under Ottoman viziers.
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church (Crkva bosanska) was the strongest religious organization of the medieval Bosnian state, formed in the 13th century and vanishing with the state's collapse in the mid-15th century.
Bosnian Crisis
Bosnian Crisis (Annexation Crisis), 1908-1909: Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina, occupied since the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, against a Straits deal with Russia; Serbia and Montenegro mobilized, and the crisis became a step toward the July Crisis of 1914.
Bosnian epic poetry
Bosnian epic poetry is the South Slavic oral epic tradition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, sung by guslars to the gusle and studied by Milman Parry and Albert Lord.
Bosnian genocide
Bosnian genocide: judicially established genocide against Bosnian Muslims in the 1992-1995 war, centered on the July 1995 Srebrenica massacre of about 8,000 men and boys, confirmed by the ICTY and ICJ.
Bosnian language
Bosnian (bosanski jezik) is a standardized South Slavic language, one of three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, spoken by about 2 million people; an Ijekavian Štokavian standard using Latin and Cyrillic scripts, with Ottoman-era Turkish, Arabic, and Persian loanwords.
Bosnian pyramid claims
Bosnian pyramid claims: Semir Osmanagić's 2005 assertion that hills at Visoko, Bosnia, are 12,000-year-old man-made pyramids; rejected by geologists and archaeologists as pseudoarchaeology, but still drawing tourism.