All articles starting with D
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Defensive back
Defensive back (DB), also called the secondary: American football defenders (cornerbacks, safeties, nickel/dime backs) who cover receivers in man or zone schemes and are governed by pass interference rules.
Defensive democracy
Defensive democracy, also called militant democracy (wehrhafte Demokratie), is a constitutional doctrine letting democracies restrict rights of actors who would destroy democracy; coined by Karl Loewenstein in 1937, centered on party bans and hate-speech limits.
Defensive driving
Defensive driving, also called safe driving, is a style of driving that uses anticipation and space management to prevent collisions despite other drivers' actions or adverse conditions.
Defensive end
Defensive end (DE): American football defensive lineman aligned outside the tackles; sets the edge against the run and rushes the passer. In a 4-3 he is the edge rusher; in a 3-4 he is a bigger two-gap run defender, with EDGE covering both DE and 3-4 OLB.
Defensive fighting position
A defensive fighting position, also called a fighting pit or machine gun nest, is an excavated place from which soldiers engage an enemy under cover.
Defensive programming
Defensive programming is a software development practice in which code anticipates and handles faulty conditions like invalid input and hardware faults, pioneered by Margaret Hamilton for the Apollo flight software.
Defensive tackle
Defensive tackle (DT), including nose tackle and three-technique, is the interior defensive lineman position in American football; interior linemen control run gaps, take double teams, and pressure the quarterback from inside the pocket.
Defensive wall
A defensive wall, also known as a city wall, is a barrier of earth, brick, or stone built to protect settlements or frontiers, ranging from city circuits to frontiers hundreds of kilometers long.
Defensive War
The Defensive War (Spanish: Guerra Defensiva) was a Spanish Crown strategy for the Arauco War in Chile, approved in 1612 under Philip III and conceived by the Jesuit Luis de Valdivia.
Defensor sporting
Defensor Sporting Club, Montevideo Uruguayan sports club from the 1989 merger of Club Atlético Defensor and Sporting Club Uruguay; four football titles (1976, 1987, 1991, 2007-08) and record 20 basketball championships.
Deferasirox
Deferasirox is an oral, once-daily iron chelator sold as Exjade and Jadenu that removes excess iron in patients with transfusion-related iron overload, first FDA approved in 2005.
Deferent and epicycle
The deferent and epicycle are two linked circles of the geocentric model: a planet moves on a small epicycle whose center travels a larger deferent around Earth.
Deferiprone
Deferiprone (Ferriprox) is an oral iron chelator developed in the United Kingdom in 1981, used to remove excess iron in transfusion-dependent anemias such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease.
Deferoxamine
Deferoxamine, also known as desferrioxamine and sold as Desferal, is an injectable iron-chelating drug, produced by the bacterium Streptomyces pilosus, used for iron overload and acute iron poisoning.
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is a 2012 U.S. executive-action program granting renewable two-year deportation relief and work authorization to undocumented immigrants brought to the country as children; held unlawful in litigation since 2021, with renewals continuing but new applications blocked.
Deferred adjudication
Deferred adjudication: a US criminal procedure, also called deferred judgment or deferred disposition, in which a court withholds a guilt finding after a guilty plea, places the defendant on community supervision, and dismisses charges on successful completion.
Deferred revenue
Deferred revenue, also known as a contract liability, is money a company receives from a customer before delivering the goods or services paid for, recorded as a balance-sheet liability.
Deferred shading
Deferred shading is a real-time rendering technique with two passes: a geometry pass fills a G-buffer of surface properties, and a lighting pass shades each pixel from it.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is the accounting recognition of future tax consequences of temporary differences between book and tax values, recorded as deferred tax assets or liabilities.
Deffufa
The deffufa is a massive mud-brick temple at Kerma in northern Sudan, capital of the Kingdom of Kush, which flourished between about 2500 and 1500 BC.
Defiance (2008 film)
Defiance is a 2008 war drama directed by Edward Zwick, starring Daniel Craig and Liev Schreiber as the Bielski brothers, Jewish partisans sheltering refugees in Belarus.
Defiance (TV series)
Defiance is a Syfy science fiction series (2013–2015) by Rockne S. O'Bannon, Kevin Murphy, and Michael Taylor, set in 2046 on terraformed Earth, developed alongside Trion Worlds' MMO shooter game of the same name.
Defiance Campaign
The Defiance Campaign was a 1952 campaign of non-violent civil disobedience against apartheid laws in South Africa, led jointly by the ANC and the South African Indian Congress.
Defiant Jazz
"Defiant Jazz" is the seventh episode of Severance's first season, directed by Ben Stiller and written by Helen Leigh, which premiered on Apple TV+ in 2022.
Defibrillation
Defibrillation: electric shock treatment terminating ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, via manual defibrillators, public-access AEDs, or implanted cardioverter defibrillators; biphasic waveforms, 150–360 J energies, and bystander AED use doubling or tripling survival distinguish it.
Defibrillators
Defibrillators are devices that send an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm during cardiac arrest. Covers AEDs for bystanders, manual clinician units, ICDs, hands-off time, usability, and history.
Defibrotide
Defibrotide (Defitelio), a porcine-mucosal-DNA-derived oligonucleotide mixture, is the approved antithrombotic/profibrinolytic drug for hepatic veno-occlusive disease with renal or pulmonary dysfunction after HSCT (US, 2016) and severe VOD/SOS (EU).
Deficiency in anterior pituitary function-variable immunodeficiency syndrome
DAVID syndrome (Deficiency in anterior pituitary function-variable immunodeficiency syndrome, ORPHA:293978) is a rare autosomal dominant NFKB2-related disorder combining childhood-onset common variable immunodeficiency with later ACTH deficiency.
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2), an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease from ADA2 (CECR1) loss-of-function mutations, causing vasculitis, early-onset stroke, bone marrow failure, and immunodeficiency; treated with TNF inhibitors.
Deficit irrigation
Deficit irrigation is an agricultural water management strategy that deliberately gives crops less water than they need, accepting mild stress to maximize yield per unit of water.