All articles starting with D
24,034 articles
Dicranum
Dicranum (broom or fork mosses) is a genus of about 90-98 acrocarpous mosses in Dicranaceae, with narrow lanceolate leaves, a single costa, and alar cells; 29 species in Europe, some endangered epiphytes.
Dicrocoeliasis
Dicrocoeliasis (lancet fluke infection, ICD-10 B66.2) is a rare zoonotic bile-duct trematodiasis caused by Dicrocoelium dendriticum or D. hospes, acquired by accidentally eating infected ants; snail and ant intermediate hosts, mostly asymptomatic, treated with praziquantel or triclabendazole.
Dicroglossidae
Dicroglossidae, fork-tongued frogs (叉舌蛙科), a family of 257 frog species in subfamilies Dicroglossinae and Occidozyginae, ranging across Africa, Arabia, and southern and eastern Asia; name nomenclaturally disputed.
Dicrostonyx
Dicrostonyx (collared lemmings) is a genus of arvicoline rodents, family Cricetidae, of the circumpolar tundra; ITIS lists eight species, and the genus is distinguished by winter-white pelage and unique bifid digging claws.
Dicrotophos
Dicrotophos (Bidrin, Carbicron; CAS 141-66-2) is an organophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor used mainly on cotton in the United States; a restricted-use, EU-unapproved yellow-brown liquid.
Dicrurus
Dicrurus is the main genus of drongos, family Dicruridae, tropical Old World corvoid passerines with about 21 species across Africa, Asia, and Madagascar, conserved in plumage but variable in voice.
DICT domain
DICT (PF10069, IPR019278), Domain associated with diguanylate Cyclases and phosphodiesterases, is a bacterial sensory protein domain in diguanylate cyclases and two-component systems, part of cyclic di-GMP signaling alongside GGDEF and EAL domains.
Dictamnus
Dictamnus, the gas plant or burning bush genus (Fraxinella), is a Rutaceae genus of three accepted species of temperate Eurasian aromatic herbs, chemically distinct in quinoline alkaloids and limonoids, phylogenetically isolated from Ruteae, and long used in traditional medicine.
Dictaphone
Dictaphone is a trademarked brand of dictation machines and a generic term for speech recorders, first marketed by Columbia Graphophone in 1907 and now owned by Microsoft through Nuance Communications.
Dictator
Dictator: modern ruler with extraconstitutional, unaccountable power, also called autocrat or authoritarian leader; from the temporary Roman emergency office; types include military, one-party, and personalist rule.
Dictator (2016 film)
Dictator is a 2016 Telugu action drama, Balakrishna's 99th film, directed by Sriwass with Anjali and Sonal Chauhan, music by S. Thaman, released 14 January 2016 by Eros International.
Dictator game
The dictator game is a behavioral economics experiment in which one player unilaterally splits an endowment with a recipient who cannot reject it, indexing altruism.
Dictator novel
The dictator novel, also called the dictatorship novel, is a subgenre of Latin American historical fiction portraying dictators or dictatorship, beginning with Amalia in 1851 and peaking in the 1970s.
Dictatorship
Dictatorship: rule by a person or group unaccountable through free competition; from the Roman emergency magistracy (85 dictators, ~500–202 BCE) to modern personalist, party-based, and military autocracies sustained by legitimation, repression, and co-optation.
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Dictatorship of the proletariat: Marxist concept of the transitional workers' state between capitalism and communism, formulated by Marx in the Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875), modeled on the Paris Commune, developed by Lenin, contested by Kautsky, and retained in China's constitution as the people's democratic dictatorship.
Dictionary
Dictionary: a reference work listing words with meanings, forms, and usage, arranged alphabetically (Arabic mu'jam). Covers types, entry structure, Arabic and OED historical lexicography, digital and AI-era change, and the shrinking dictionary business.
Dictionary attack
A dictionary attack is a password-guessing method that hashes each candidate from a list of likely passwords, such as breached ones, and compares them against captured hashes.
Dictionary learning
Dictionary learning is a machine learning method that learns basis elements, called atoms, so each signal can be represented sparsely as a combination of a few atoms.
Dictionary of National Biography
The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB, Oxford DNB), the British national biographical reference: first edition 1885–1900 in 63 volumes edited by Leslie Stephen; 2004 Oxford edition with 64,533 biographies.
Dictionary of Scientific Biography
The Dictionary of Scientific Biography is a scholarly reference work with more than 5,000 biographies of deceased scientists and mathematicians, published in New York from 1970 to 1980.
Dictionary of the Khazars
The Dictionary of the Khazars, Hazarski rečnik, is a 1984 novel by the Serbian writer Milorad Pavić, written as a dictionary of the Khazar people.
Dictionary.com
Dictionary.com is a free, advertising-supported online English dictionary launched in 1995 by Brian Kariger and Daniel Fierro, based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary and serving over 40 million users monthly.
Dictionnaire Infernal
Dictionnaire Infernal, by Jacques Collin de Plancy, is a French A–Z encyclopedia of demonology, magic, and superstition first published in 1818; its 1863 sixth edition added 800 articles and Louis Le Breton's 72 demon portraits, the source of most modern demon images.
Dictyocaulus
Dictyocaulus, lungworm genus of ungulates (D. viviparus cattle, D. filaria sheep, D. arnfieldi equids); direct life cycle, causes husk, controlled by irradiated-larva vaccine and anthelmintics.
Dictyoclostus
Dictyoclostus is an extinct productid brachiopod genus named by Muir-Wood (1930), type species Anomites semireticulatus Martin, 1809; large reticulate, spined shells from Devonian to Permian marine rocks.
Dictyonema
Dictyonema, established in 1822, is a genus of lichen-forming basidiomycete fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae, best known for blue-green, bracket-like or filamentous thalli in tropical forests. The same name belongs to an extinct Paleozoic graptolite genus.
Dictyonema clade
The Dictyonema clade is a lineage of lichenized basidiomycete fungi and the largest group of basidiolichens, with hundreds of mostly Neotropical species in the genera Dictyonema, Cora, Corella, Cyphellostereum, and Acantholichen.
Dictyopharidae
Dictyopharidae, dictyopharid planthoppers, a family of Fulgoromorpha sap-feeding insects and sister group of Fulgoridae; about 740 species in 160 genera, worldwide except polar regions, often with elongated head processes.
Dictyostelid
Dictyostelids, or cellular slime molds and social amoebae (Dictyostelia), are Amoebozoa soil amoebae that aggregate under starvation into slugs and fruiting bodies via cAMP signaling; over 180 species, first described by Brefeld in 1869.
Dictyostelium
Dictyostelium is a genus of social amoebae that live in soil and, when starved, aggregate into multicellular fruiting bodies; its species D. discoideum is a major model organism.