All articles starting with D

Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid

Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), also known as bishomo-gamma-linolenic acid, is a 20-carbon omega-6 fatty acid formed from gamma-linolenic acid and convertible to arachidonic acid, known as a precursor of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E1.

Sep 21, 2026

Dihua Yu

Dihua Yu is a cancer biologist at MD Anderson Cancer Center, where she chairs Molecular Oncology and studies breast and pancreatic cancer metastasis and therapy resistance.

Dihuang Yinzi

地黄饮子 (Dihuang Yinzi), a classical Chinese medicine formula from Liu Wansu's Jin-dynasty Xuanming Lunfang; 12 herbs tonifying kidney yin and yang, originally for yinfei (speech loss, leg paralysis), now studied for Parkinson's disease and dementia.

Dihuixin (广州迪会信医疗器械有限公司) (迪会信)

Dihuixin (Guangzhou Dihuixin Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.) is a Guangzhou-based distributor of imported in-vitro diagnostic products, founded in 2015 and majority owned by Dian Diagnostics since 2022.

Sep 23, 2026

Dihya

Dihya, also known as al-Kahina (الكاهنة), was a Berber leader based in the Aurès mountains of eastern Algeria who resisted the Umayyad conquest until her death between 698 and 703.

Dihybrid cross

Dihybrid cross: a mating between two organisms identically hybrid for two traits, first performed by Mendel in 1865 pea experiments; yields a 9:3:3:1 F2 phenotypic ratio under independent assortment, altered by linkage or epistasis.

Dihydralazine

Dihydralazine (Nepresol), a hydralazine-family direct arteriolar vasodilator, half-life 4-5 h, used mainly for severe hypertension in pregnancy in Germany; declining due to frequent adverse effects.

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PPQ, DP, Duo-Cotexin) is a fixed-dose artemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria: fast dihydroartemisinin plus long-acting piperaquine, superior to artemether-lumefantrine in Africa but failing in the Greater Mekong subregion.

Dihydrocapsiate

Dihydrocapsiate (DHC, DCT) is a non-pungent capsinoid analog of capsaicin from CH-19 Sweet peppers, formula C18H28O4; human trials show a small thermogenic effect near 50 kcal/day, and it is GRAS in the US and an authorized EU novel food.

Dihydrocodeine

Dihydrocodeine (DHC), a semisynthetic opioid derivative of codeine used for moderate to severe pain and cough, metabolized via CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, with limited efficacy evidence and addiction and respiratory-depression risks.

Oct 20, 2026

Dihydrodipicolinate reductase

Dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DapB, EC 1.17.1.8, 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase) is a bacterial NAD(P)-dependent homotetrameric enzyme catalyzing HTPA-to-tetrahydrodipicolinate reduction, the second step of the diaminopimelate/lysine pathway and an antibiotic target.

Dihydroergotamine

Dihydroergotamine (DHE) is a semi-synthetic ergot alkaloid drug used for the acute treatment of migraine and cluster headache, first synthesized in 1943 and approved in 1946.

Dihydroetorphine

Dihydroetorphine (二氢埃托啡, DHE), a Chinese-developed etorphine-family opioid agonist over 1,000 times stronger than morphine, approved 1991 for severe pain, later restricted for abuse and dependence.

Dihydrofolate reductase

Dihydrofolate reductase, also known as DHFR, is an enzyme that produces the folate cofactor required for synthesizing purines and thymidylate, making it a key drug target.

Dihydrogen monoxide parody

The dihydrogen monoxide parody, also called the DHMO hoax, presents water under its chemical-sounding name with true but alarming descriptions, famously fooling officials in Aliso Viejo, California, in 2004.

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD, E3, EC 1.8.1.4) is a homodimeric mitochondrial FAD enzyme, encoded on chromosome 7, that reoxidizes lipoamide in the PDH, α-ketoglutarate, branched-chain keto acid, and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complexes; DLD mutations cause rare autosomal recessive E3 deficiency.

Dihydroorotase

Dihydroorotase (DHOase, EC 3.5.2.3), zinc metalloenzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis catalyzing reversible carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate conversion; TIM-barrel amidohydrolase, type I and II, CAD domain in mammals, binuclear or mononuclear zinc center.

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, PyrD) is an FMN flavoenzyme catalyzing the fourth, redox step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis; Class 1 (fumarate/NAD+) and Class 2 (ubiquinone, mitochondrial) forms are drug targets in arthritis, cancer, and malaria via leflunomide, teriflunomide, and DSM265.

Oct 20, 2026

Dihydropteroate synthase

Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) is an enzyme that joins p-aminobenzoic acid to a pterin in bacterial folate biosynthesis, making it the target of sulfonamide antibiotics, the oldest class of synthetic antibacterial drugs.

Dihydropteroate synthase type-3

Dihydropteroate synthase type-3 (Sul3, gene sul3) is a plasmid-borne sulfonamide-resistant DHPS enzyme, characterized in 2003 from E. coli plasmid pVP440 in Swiss pigs, 263 amino acids, spread via IS15Δ/26-flanked segments.

Dihydropyridines

Dihydropyridines, first made by Arthur Hantzsch in 1881, are six-membered nitrogen heterocycles whose 1,4 isomer is the scaffold of calcium channel blocker drugs including nifedipine and amlodipine.

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DPD deficiency, DPYD deficiency) is an autosomal recessive DPYD enzyme disorder causing neurological disease in some and severe, sometimes fatal fluoropyrimidine (5-FU, capecitabine) toxicity in others.

Dihydropyrimidinuria

Dihydropyrimidinuria, also called dihydropyrimidinase deficiency (DPYS deficiency, OMIM 222748), is a rare autosomal recessive pyrimidine metabolism disorder causing dihydrouracil and dihydrothymine accumulation, variable neurologic and gastrointestinal features, and fluoropyrimidine toxicity risk.