All articles starting with D
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Disk storage
Disk storage stores data on rotating magnetic disks, a technology introduced by IBM's RAMAC drive in 1956 that remains the basis of the hard disk drive, alongside solid-state successors.
Disk Utility
Disk Utility, also known as Apple Disk Utility, is a macOS application for formatting, partitioning, repairing, and encrypting storage devices, bundled since 2000 and available from macOS Recovery.
DiskANN
DiskANN is a family of disk-based approximate nearest-neighbor search algorithms developed at Microsoft Research, able to index and search a billion vectors on a single workstation.
Disko Bay
Disko Bay (Qeqertarsuup Tunua) is a bay in West Greenland at 69°N, 53°W, fed by icebergs from Jakobshavn glacier, with seasonal sea ice from January to June, rich Palaeo-Eskimo archaeology, and Danish colonial towns founded 1734–1773.
Disks large homolog 5, N-terminal
Disks large homolog 5 N-terminal region (DLG5 N-term): the coiled-coil, CARD, and PDZ1-2 portion of the MAGUK scaffold DLG5; apically targeted, required for epithelial polarity, N-cadherin delivery, and migration.
Dislocated shoulder
Dislocated shoulder: the humeral head separates from the glenoid socket, anterior in over 95% of cases. Treated by closed reduction, sling, and rehabilitation; surgery lowers recurrence in young patients.
Dislocation
A dislocation, also called a crystal dislocation, is a line defect in a crystal lattice whose motion lets crystals deform permanently at stresses far below theoretical strength.
Dislocation of acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation, also called AC separation or shoulder separation, is a traumatic disruption of the clavicle-acromion joint graded by the Rockwood I–VI system; types I–II are treated nonoperatively, IV–VI surgically, and trial evidence shows comparable long-term function for surgery versus conservative care in types III–V.
Dislocation of ankle joint
Dislocation of the ankle joint is the complete displacement of the talus from the tibia and fibula; most cases involve a fracture, and pure dislocations are rare.
Dislocation of cervical vertebra
Dislocation of cervical vertebra (ICD-11 NA23.1): traumatic loss of normal articulation between cervical vertebrae, including facet, atlanto-axial, and cranio-cervical dislocation; diagnosed by CT, treated by traction or surgical fusion.
Dislocation of distal radioulnar joint
Dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ, ICD-11 NC54.00) is traumatic displacement of the ulnar head from the radius' sigmoid notch; dorsal or volar, often missed, treated by closed reduction and 6-week immobilization.
Dislocation of elbow
Dislocation of the elbow: separation of the humerus, ulna, and radius joint surfaces, second most common dislocation after the shoulder. Simple (ligament-only) versus complex (fracture) types; early mobilization after reduction is standard treatment.
Dislocation of finger
Dislocation of finger: displacement of finger phalanges at DIP, PIP, or MCP joints, ICD-11 NC54.2. Most occur at the PIP joint, usually dorsal from hyperextension; treated by closed reduction, splinting, or buddy taping.
Dislocation of great toe
Dislocation of great toe (hallux), ICD-11 ND14.1: traumatic MTP or IP joint dislocation. MTP form follows hyperextension (turf toe spectrum, Jahss types); rare IP form involves sesamoid incarceration (Miki types), often needing open reduction.
Dislocation of hip
Dislocation of hip: femoral head forced out of the acetabulum, usually posterior after high-energy trauma. Emergent reduction within 6 hours limits avascular necrosis; sciatic nerve injury affects about 10% of adults.
Dislocation of knee
Knee dislocation (tibiofemoral dislocation): limb-threatening multiligament knee injury disrupting at least one cruciate ligament, classified by Kennedy position or Schenck KD I–V grades, with popliteal artery and nerve injury risk.
Dislocation of lens
Dislocation of lens (ectopia lentis): displacement of the eye's crystalline lens from zonular weakness or rupture. Subluxation is partial, luxation complete; trauma is the most common cause, FBN1/Marfan syndrome the leading genetic cause.
Dislocation of patella
Dislocation of patella (patellar dislocation): the kneecap fully leaves the femoral trochlear groove, almost always laterally, after a twisting injury in young active people; treated by reduction, bracing, and physiotherapy, with up to 40% recurrence.
Dislocation of radial head
Dislocation of radial head (ICD-11 NC33.0): displacement of the radius from the capitellum. Common as nursemaid's elbow subluxation in children; complete dislocation is rare, linked to Monteggia fractures or congenital anomaly (0.06-0.16% incidence).
Dislocation of radiocarpal joint
Dislocation of radiocarpal joint (radiocarpal dislocation, RCD, ICD-11 NC54.01): rare traumatic total loss of contact between carpus and distal radius, 0.2-2.7% of wrist injuries, usually dorsal, high-energy, with radial styloid and ligamentous injuries.
Dislocation of scapula
Dislocation of scapula (ICD-11 NC13.3; ICD-10-CM S43.31), also called scapular dislocation or locked scapula, a rare traumatic scapulothoracic injury, extrathoracic or intrathoracic, usually reducing with sedation or muscle relaxants.
Dislocation of sternoclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint dislocation: rare (1% of all dislocations) separation of clavicle from sternum, anterior (9x more common) or posterior; posterior type risks life-threatening mediastinal compression and needs urgent reduction, CT is the imaging of choice.
Dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint
Dislocation of the tarsometatarsal joint (Lisfranc dislocation), midfoot disruption from axial or twisting load on a plantarflexed foot; unstable cases need ORIF or arthrodesis, stable ones nonoperative care.
Dislocation of thumb
Dislocation of thumb, including thumb CMC (basal joint) dislocation, MCP, and IP dislocations. Rare CMC dislocation (<1% of hand lesions); treated by closed reduction with 4-6 week spica casting or ligament reconstruction, often FCR autograft.
Dislocation of wrist
Dislocation of wrist (ICD-11 NC54.0; ICD-10 S63.0): displacement of one or more wrist bones, including distal radioulnar, radiocarpal, midcarpal, and perilunate or lunate dislocations; rare, often missed, requiring urgent reduction.
Dismal Swamp Canal
The Dismal Swamp Canal is a 22-mile artificial waterway from Deep Creek, Virginia, to South Mills, North Carolina, dug largely by enslaved labor, opened in 1805, and still operating today.
Dismaland
Dismaland was Banksy's temporary "bemusement park" art installation at the derelict Tropicana lido in Weston-super-Mare, England, running 21 August to 27 September 2015 with 58 artists, about 150,000 visitors, a £20m local boost, and its materials sent to the Calais refugee camp.
Dismemberment
Dismemberment (lingchi, 凌遲) is the judicial cutting apart of the body, used historically as an execution method, a treason punishment, and a posthumous sanction; Qing China recorded about 1,140 lingchi executions before its 1905 abolition.
Dismemberment of Xiang Yu's body
The dismemberment of Xiang Yu's body (吕马童分尸) was the division of the Chu hegemon's corpse among five Han cavalry officers after his suicide at the Wujiang.
Dismissal (cricket)
Dismissal (cricket): how a batter's innings ends, ten modes under MCC Laws 30-40, five credited to the bowler, with 2026 Law changes on run outs, wicketkeepers, and overthrows.