All articles starting with D

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), also called consumptive coagulopathy, is an acquired syndrome of systemic coagulation activation causing microvascular thrombosis, bleeding, and organ failure, mainly in sepsis, trauma, and cancer, with 45-78% ICU mortality.

Disseminated Lyme borreliosis

Disseminated Lyme borreliosis (ICD-11 1C1G.1) is the stage of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in which spirochetes spread beyond the tick-bite site, causing multiple erythema migrans, neuroborreliosis, carditis, or arthritis.

Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection

Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (ICD-11 1B21.3): NTM spread to two or more non-contiguous organs, mainly MAC in severe immunosuppression; treated with macrolide plus ethambutol for at least 12 months.

Oct 20, 2026

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis, also called leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata, is a rare benign condition in which multiple smooth muscle nodules resembling uterine fibroids spread across the abdominal cavity, often mimicking cancer.

Disseminated sporotrichosis

Disseminated sporotrichosis is the systemic form of Sporothrix fungal infection, affecting lungs, bones, meninges, and mucosa mainly in immunocompromised people, especially HIV with CD4 below 150 cells/μL; treated with amphotericin B then long-term itraconazole.

Disseminated zoster

Disseminated zoster (disseminated herpes zoster) is severe shingles with rash beyond the primary dermatomes or visceral/CNS involvement, occurring almost exclusively in immunocompromised people and treated with intravenous acyclovir.

Dissenting opinion

Dissenting opinion: a judge's written disagreement with a court's majority decision, with no legal effect but potential future influence. Traces US Supreme Court practice from seriatim opinions to John Marshall's single-opinion custom and William Johnson's 1805 first dissent.

Dissident

Dissident: a person who publicly criticizes their government or ruling ideology, from Latin dissidens, "sitting apart." Term coined for late-1960s Soviet dissenters; today 54+ governments repress dissidents abroad.

Dissidia Duellum Final Fantasy

Dissidia Duellum Final Fantasy (ディシディアデュエルム FF) is a free-to-play mobile 3v3 Team Boss Battle Arena, the sixth Dissidia title, co-developed by Square Enix and NHN PlayArt, launched March 2026, set in modern Tokyo.

Dissidia Final Fantasy (ディシディアファイナルファンタジー)

Dissidia Final Fantasy is a Square Enix crossover fighting game series in which Final Fantasy characters battle, built around a two-resource Bravery and HP combat system.

Dissidia Final Fantasy NT (ディシディアファイナルファンタジー NT)

Dissidia Final Fantasy NT (ディシディアファイナルファンタジー NT) is a 3v3 team fighting game by Team Ninja and Square Enix, an arcade-to-PS4 port (January 2018) using the Brave/HP attack system and summon cores.

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium

Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), also called nitrate ammonification, is an anaerobic microbial pathway that reduces nitrate via nitrite to ammonium, conserving fixed nitrogen in soils and sediments.

Dissimilatory sulfite reductase

Dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DsrAB, dSiR, EC 1.8.1.22) is the siroheme-[4Fe-4S] enzyme reducing sulfite to sulfide in anaerobic sulfate respiration, acting in reverse in sulfur oxidizers; encoded by dsrAB, a marker gene tracing sulfate reducers back over 3.5 billion years.

Dissipation

Dissipation is the irreversible conversion of organized mechanical or electrical energy into disordered thermal energy, destroying the capacity to do useful work; friction and Joule heating are examples.

Dissipative Kerr soliton

A dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) is a short pulse of light that persists indefinitely in an optical resonator by balancing gain with loss and dispersion with nonlinearity.

Dissipative Kerr soliton microcomb

A dissipative Kerr soliton microcomb is an optical frequency comb generated by pumping a high-Q microresonator, producing a chip-scale, phase-coherent spectrum used in communications and clocks.

Dissipative molecular shuttling

Dissipative molecular shuttling is the fuel-driven back-and-forth movement of a ring-shaped molecule between binding stations on a threaded axle, sustained by continuously consuming chemical fuel.

Sep 29, 2026

Dissipative particle dynamics

Dissipative particle dynamics is a mesoscale simulation method, introduced by Hoogerbrugge and Koelman at Shell in 1992, that models fluids as coarse-grained beads conserving momentum and used for colloids, polymers, blood, and membranes.

Dissipative phase transition

A dissipative phase transition is a phase transition in the steady state of an open quantum system, arising when drive strength or dissipation crosses a critical value.

Dissipative self-assembly

Dissipative self-assembly is the formation of ordered supramolecular or colloidal structures held together by a continuous supply of energy, such as a chemical fuel or light, which disassemble when the fuel is depleted.

Dissipative soliton

A dissipative soliton is a localized pulse or beam of light that maintains its shape by balancing nonlinearity against dispersion or diffraction, and gain against loss.

Dissipative structure

A dissipative structure is an ordered pattern that forms and persists only in a system held far from thermodynamic equilibrium by a continuous energy flow.

Dissipative supramolecular polymers

Dissipative supramolecular polymers are polymer-like assemblies of small monomers held by reversible noncovalent interactions, maintained out of thermodynamic equilibrium by continuous fuel or light input and waste removal.

Dissociation (chemistry)

Dissociation in chemistry is the separation of a molecular entity into two or more entities, seen in ionic solids dissolving, acid-base equilibria measured by Ka, and covalent bond cleavage into radicals or ions.

Dissociation (psychology)

Dissociation (psychology): disruption of the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, and behavior; rooted in Pierre Janet's trauma work; spans detachment and compartmentalization forms, dissociative disorders, and ongoing trauma-model debates.

Dissociation constant

The dissociation constant is an equilibrium constant for how readily a complex or acid separates into components; a smaller value means stronger association or weaker dissociation.

Dissociative

Dissociatives are NMDA-antagonist drugs (ketamine, PCP, DXM, esketamine) causing detachment without full unconsciousness; used as anesthetics, in depression treatment, and recreationally as Schedule III substances.

Oct 20, 2026

Dissociative amnesia

Dissociative amnesia (psychogenic or functional amnesia) is a controversial psychiatric condition of inability to recall stressful autobiographical information without a neurological cause; DSM-5 includes fugue as a subtype, and case-study evidence and biomarkers remain weak.

Dissociative disorder

Dissociative disorders, including dissociative identity disorder (DID, formerly multiple personality disorder), dissociative amnesia, and depersonalization-derealization disorder, are trauma-linked conditions marked by disrupted memory, identity, and consciousness, treated mainly with psychotherapy.