All articles starting with D
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Divergence between Anglicanism and Methodism
The divergence between Anglicanism and Methodism is the process by which John Wesley's evangelical revival inside the Church of England became a separate denomination, beginning with Wesley's 1784 ordinations for America.
Divergence excess
Divergence excess, also called divergence excess exotropia, ICD-11 9C83.62, is an intermittent exotropia pattern with a distance deviation at least 10 prism diopters greater than near; true versus simulated forms are separated by the monocular occlusion patch test.
Divergence insufficiency
Divergence insufficiency, also called age-related distance esotropia, is an acquired comitant esotropia greater at distance than near causing distance diplopia, mainly in adults over 50, treated with prism or strabismus surgery.
Divergence nystagmus
Divergence nystagmus (分离性眼球震颤), ICD-11 9C84.51, is a rare disconjugate nystagmus with the eyes beating in opposite directions, caused by vergence imbalance and associated with midline cerebellar and dorsal pontine lesions.
Divergence paralysis
Divergence paralysis (divergence palsy, ICD-11 9C83.61) is a rare acquired ocular motility disorder: complete loss of divergence with distance esotropia, normal convergence, and horizontal diplopia at distance, linked to raised intracranial pressure and brainstem lesions.
Divergence theorem
The divergence theorem, also called Gauss's theorem or Ostrogradsky's theorem, states that a vector field's outward flux through a closed surface equals the volume integral of its divergence.
Divergent (film)
Divergent (2014), Neil Burger's adaptation of Veronica Roth's novel, stars Shailene Woodley as Tris Prior in a faction-divided dystopian Chicago; it opened to $56 million, grossed $150.8 million in the US, and its series ended unfinished after Allegiant.
Divergent (novel series)
Divergent is Veronica Roth's young adult dystopian trilogy (Divergent, 2011; Insurgent; Allegiant) set in a future Chicago divided into five factions; divergent heroine Tris Prior stars in a partly cancelled film series.
Divergent (novel)
Divergent (2011) is Veronica Roth's YA dystopian novel, first of a trilogy, set in a walled Chicago divided into five factions; 16-year-old Tris Prior tests as Divergent, unfit for any one faction.
Divergent boundary
A divergent boundary, also known as a divergent plate or constructive boundary, is where two tectonic plates pull apart and magma rising between them creates new crust.
Divergent series
A divergent series, also known as a nonconvergent series, is an infinite series whose sequence of partial sums does not approach a finite limit, diverging either to infinity or by oscillating.
Divergent synthesis
Divergent synthesis is a chemical strategy in which one common intermediate is converted through parallel branching steps into many products, used in dendrimer chemistry and combinatorial library synthesis.
Divergent thinking
Divergent thinking, also called lateral thinking, is creative thinking that generates many varied answers to open-ended problems, contrasted with convergent thinking; proposed by J. P. Guilford and measured mainly by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking.
Diverging diamond interchange
A diverging diamond interchange (DDI), or double crossover diamond, is a highway interchange where traffic briefly drives on the left so left turns onto freeway ramps cross no oncoming traffic.
Diversification (marketing strategy)
Diversification is a growth strategy in which a firm enters a new product line and a new market at once, defined by Igor Ansoff in 1957.
Diversification and biogeographic history of spiders
The diversification and biogeographic history of spiders traces how more than 45,000 species arose over 300 million years, shaped by silk, webs, and shifting prey capture.
Diversion colitis
Diversion colitis, also called diversion proctocolitis or disuse colitis, is inflammation of bowel excluded from the fecal stream after ostomy surgery; hallmark lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, SCFA deficiency hypothesis, treated by stoma reversal.
Diversion dam
A diversion dam, also called a diversionary dam, is a low barrier across a river that raises the water level to divert flow into canals or ditches for irrigation.
Diversion program
Diversion program: alternative to prosecution or incarceration routing defendants into treatment, education, or community service; includes pretrial, prosecutor-led, police-led (LEAD), mental health, and juvenile diversion, with mixed recidivism evidence and lower case costs.
Diversity (dance troupe)
Diversity is a British street dance troupe from Essex and London, formerly Swift Moves Juniors, that won Britain's Got Talent series 3 in 2009, beating Susan Boyle, and tours narrative stage shows led by Ashley Banjo.
Diversity collapse in RLHF
Diversity collapse in RLHF is the documented narrowing of a language model's output diversity after preference-based post-training, first quantified by Kirk et al. in a 2023 study published at ICLR 2024.
Diversity Immigrant Visa
Diversity Immigrant Visa (DV), or green card lottery: annual U.S. program run by the State Department under the Immigration Act of 1990, awarding 50,000 visas by lottery to natives of low-admission countries with a high school education or qualifying work experience.
Diversity index
Diversity index: a statistic combining species richness and evenness to compare communities. Principal forms are the Shannon index, Simpson index, and Hill numbers; values are sample-size sensitive and standardized by rarefaction or coverage.
Diversity jurisdiction
Diversity jurisdiction lets U.S. federal district courts hear civil cases between citizens of different states or countries under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, requiring over $75,000 in controversy and complete diversity, with CAFA 2005 class-action rules.
Diversity reception
Diversity reception is a wireless technique in which a receiver combines two or more independent copies of the same signal to reduce fading and improve reliability.
Diversity-oriented synthesis
Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a synthetic chemistry strategy, introduced by Stuart L. Schreiber in 2000, that prepares many structurally varied small molecules in few steps for drug discovery screening.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), related to EDI and DEIB, is an organizational framework of policies and programs to increase representation, ensure fair treatment, and foster belonging in institutions.
Diverticulectomy
Diverticulectomy is the surgical excision of a diverticulum, a herniated pouch of the organ wall. In the bladder it is usually done for infection, stones, reflux, or malignancy.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis, inflammation of colonic diverticula (pouches in the colon wall), causes acute lower left abdominal pain, fever, and nausea; treated with diet, selective antibiotics, and sometimes colectomy.
Diverticulitis of large intestine
Diverticulitis of large intestine (ICD-11 DC80) is inflammation of colonic diverticula, usually sigmoid, caused by diverticular perforation; mostly uncomplicated, managed selectively with antibiotics, CT-confirmed.