All articles starting with D
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Dopamine (Robyn song)
Dopamine is a 2025 dance-pop single by Swedish singer Robyn (Robin Miriam Carlsson), written with Klas Åhlund and Taio Cruz, her first solo release in seven years and lead single of the album Sexistential, about the neurochemistry of falling in love.
Dopamine agonist
Dopamine agonist: drug mimicking dopamine at dopamine receptors; includes ergoline (bromocriptine, cabergoline) and non-ergoline (pramipexole, ropinirole) agents; used in Parkinson's disease, RLS, and prolactinoma; risks include impulse control disorders and augmentation.
Dopamine antagonist
A dopamine antagonist, also called an antidopaminergic or dopamine receptor antagonist, is a drug that blocks dopamine by binding to its receptors without activating them, including antipsychotics and antiemetics.
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), also called dopamine beta-monooxygenase, is a copper- and ascorbate-dependent enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine, discovered in the 1950s in adrenal chromaffin granules.
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency (DBH deficiency, norepinephrine deficiency) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the DBH gene on 9q34 causing absent norepinephrine, dopamine accumulation, severe orthostatic hypotension, and ptosis, treated with droxidopa.
Dopamine Chamber
Dopamine Chamber is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band Fontaines D.C., released October 16, 2026 on XL Recordings. Produced by James Ford, it features ROSALÍA on "Where Is Gone?" and continues the synth-led shift from Romance.
Dopamine D3 receptor
Dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3), a D2-like GPCR cloned in 1990, is limbic-enriched, couples to Gi/o, shares high D2 homology, and is targeted by D3-preferring drugs like cariprazine and PET ligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO.
Dopamine D4 receptor
Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4): a D2-like G protein-coupled dopamine receptor cloned in 1991, least abundant of five subtypes, distinguished by high clozapine affinity, VNTR polymorphism linked to ADHD and exploratory behavior.
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: theory that dysregulated dopamine, mesolimbic excess and mesocortical deficit, drives psychotic symptoms; rooted in chlorpromazine, van Rossum 1966, and Seeman's 1975 D2 receptor discovery.
Dopamine receptor
Dopamine receptors (D1–D5; DRD1–DRD5 genes) are G protein-coupled receptors mediating dopamine signaling, split into D1-like (stimulatory) and D2-like (inhibitory) families; targets for Parkinson disease and antipsychotic drugs.
Dopamine receptor D2
Dopamine receptor D2 (D2R, DRD2 gene) is a Gi/o-coupled GPCR that inhibits adenylyl cyclase; identified 1976–1979, cloned 1988, the main antipsychotic drug target with a 60–80% occupancy therapeutic window.
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI), also NDRI or DNRI: a drug blocking the dopamine transporter (DAT, SLC6A3) to raise synaptic dopamine. Key drugs: bupropion, methylphenidate, modafinil, solriamfetol; used for depression, ADHD, narcolepsy, smoking cessation.
Dopamine transporter
Dopamine transporter (DAT, SLC6A3): presynaptic Na+/Cl- dependent transporter clearing synaptic dopamine; blocked by cocaine and methylphenidate, reversed by amphetamine; mutated in dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome and imaged by DaTscan SPECT.
Dopaminergic pathways
Dopaminergic pathways are the brain's dopamine neuron projections: nigrostriatal (motor, substantia nigra to dorsal striatum), mesolimbic and mesocortical (VTA to nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, reward and executive function), and tuberoinfundibular (hypothalamus to pituitary, prolactin inhibition).
Dopant activation
Dopant activation is the semiconductor manufacturing process by which implanted impurity atoms become electrically active dopants, achieved by post-implantation annealing that also repairs crystal damage.
Dopant profile
A dopant profile is the distribution of dopant concentration versus depth in a semiconductor wafer or device, determining junction depth, sheet resistance, and threshold voltage.
Dopant-free hole transport
Dopant-free hole transport is the design of hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells that are intrinsically conductive without chemical dopants, improving stability and cutting fabrication cost; top efficiencies exceed 25%.
DOPC
DOPC, also called dioleoyl lecithin, is a synthetic phosphatidylcholine lipid whose two oleoyl chains keep its bilayers fluid at room temperature, making it a standard model membrane lipid.
Dope (2015 film)
Dope is a 2015 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Rick Famuyiwa, following a geeky Inglewood, California, high-school senior caught up in a drug deal. It premiered at Sundance in January 2015.
Dope (band)
Dope is an American industrial metal/nu metal band formed in 1997 in Villa Park, Illinois, led by Edsel Dope. Debut Felons and Revolutionaries (1999) is its best-selling album; later records include American Apathy and Blood Money, Pt. 1.
Dope Thief
Dope Thief is an Apple TV+ crime drama series (2025), adapted from Dennis Tafoya's 2009 novel, created by Peter Craig with Ridley Scott directing the premiere. Brian Tyree Henry and Wagner Moura play Philly friends posing as DEA agents; eight episodes, 86% on Rotten Tomatoes, canceled after one season.
Dopesick (book)
Dopesick: Dealers, Doctors, and the Drug Company That Addicted America is Beth Macy's 2018 Little, Brown nonfiction book on the US opioid epidemic, centered on Appalachian Virginia and Purdue Pharma's OxyContin, adapted into Hulu's 2021 Peabody-winning series.
Dopesick (miniseries)
Dopesick is an eight-episode Hulu drama miniseries (premiered October 13, 2021) created by Danny Strong from Beth Macy's book, starring Michael Keaton, dramatizing Purdue Pharma, OxyContin, and the U.S. opioid epidemic; Peabody winner with 14 Emmy nominations.
Doping (semiconductor)
Doping is the controlled introduction of impurity atoms, called dopants, into a semiconductor crystal to change its electrical properties, using donors like phosphorus and acceptors like boron.
Doping at the Olympic Games
Doping at the Olympic Games is the use of prohibited substances or methods by Olympic athletes, and the testing and sanctioning systems that detect it, first run in 1968.
Doping at the Tour de France
Doping at the Tour de France is the use of banned substances and methods by riders, and the anti-doping response, defined by the 1998 Festina affair and the Armstrong era.
Doping in baseball
Doping in baseball: use of anabolic steroids and HGH by MLB players, peaking in the Steroids Era, exposed by the 2007 Mitchell Report and now policed under the MLB-MLBPA Joint Drug Program.
Doping in Russia
Doping in Russia: state-sponsored doping program (2011-2015) run through the Moscow laboratory, exposed by Rodchenkov and the McLaren reports, leading to WADA sanctions, a CAS-reduced two-year ban, and the Valieva case.
Doping in sport
Doping in sport: use of WADA-Prohibited List substances or methods, governed by the World Anti-Doping Code. Covers banned sections S0-S9, M1-M3, testing, ABP, prevalence gaps, scandals, and 2026-2027 rule updates.
Doping in the early Tour de France
Doping in the early Tour de France was the open, legal use of stimulants, painkillers, and alcohol by riders from 1903 until France criminalised doping in 1965.