All articles starting with D
24,034 articles
DOSBox
DOSBox is a free, open-source emulator that runs DOS games and applications on Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, and macOS, where native DOS support no longer exists.
Dose calculation algorithm
A dose calculation algorithm is the computational engine of a radiation therapy treatment planning system, estimating the dose delivered to each voxel of a patient's tissues.
Dose calculation algorithms in radiation therapy
Dose calculation algorithms in radiation therapy are the computational methods a treatment planning system uses to predict how photon or electron beams deposit three-dimensional dose in a patient's anatomy.
Dose fractionation
Dose fractionation is the division of a radiation therapy course into many small doses over days to weeks, so normal tissues repair while tumor damage accumulates.
Dose reconstruction
Dose reconstruction is a method for estimating radiation doses people received in the past, combining environmental measurements, transport models, and historical records when direct dosimetry is absent.
Dose titration
Dose titration is the stepwise adjustment of a drug's dose, up or down, to reach a clinical target at the lowest effective dose for each patient.
Dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen
Dose-adjusted EPOCH (DA-EPOCH) is a combination chemotherapy regimen for aggressive B-cell lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma, with doses adjusted each cycle to the patient's neutrophil nadir.
Dose-dense AC regimen
Dose-dense AC is an adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy regimen giving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide every 14 days for four cycles with mandatory G-CSF support, shown by trials to reduce recurrences.
Dose-dense chemotherapy
Dose-dense chemotherapy is a scheduling strategy that shortens the interval between cycles while keeping each dose unchanged, established in node-positive breast cancer with growth-factor support.
Dose-escalation study
A dose-escalation study is a phase I clinical trial design giving sequentially increasing doses to small cohorts to characterize safety and select a dose for later development.
Dose-finding study
A dose-finding study is a clinical trial design that selects a treatment dose by evaluating safety, tolerability, and efficacy across dose levels, mainly in early-phase trials.
Dose-length product
The dose-length product (DLP) is a radiation dose index for computed tomography that expresses total scanner output over a scan's length, calculated as CTDIvol multiplied by scan length and reported in milligray centimeters.
Dose-ranging study
A dose-ranging study is a clinical trial that gives participants several dose levels of a drug to characterize the dose-response relationship and select doses for later testing.
Dose-rate effect
The dose-rate effect is the change in biological effectiveness of a given absorbed dose of ionizing radiation as delivery time changes, governing radiotherapy design and radiation risk protection.
Dose-response meta-analysis
Dose-response meta-analysis is a statistical method in evidence synthesis that combines several studies to estimate how the risk of an outcome changes with exposure dose.
Dose-volume histogram
A dose-volume histogram (DVH) is a plot summarizing the simulated radiation dose distribution within a tumor or organ at risk under a proposed radiotherapy treatment plan.
Dose–response relationship
The dose–response relationship, also known as the dose-response curve, links the dose of a drug to the body's biological response, and supplies potency and efficacy parameters for comparing drugs.
Dose–response study
A dose–response study examines how the risk of a health outcome changes as exposure or dose increases, used to judge whether an association is causal and to set regulatory exposure limits.
Doseon
Doseon (도선, 827–898) was a Seon Buddhist monk of late Unified Silla regarded as the founding patriarch of Korean pungsu geomancy; his prophecy about Songak later legitimized the Goryeo dynasty.
Dosha (दोष)
Dosha (दोष): the three Ayurvedic bodily principles, vata, pitta, and kapha, whose harmony defines health and imbalance disease; also basis of prakriti constitution types.
Dōshikai
Dōshikai (同志会), formally the Rikken Dōshikai, was a Japanese political party of the early Taishō period, founded in 1913 under Katō Takaaki and dissolved in 1916 into the Kenseikai.
Dōshō
Dōshō (道昭) was a Japanese Buddhist monk, 629 to 700, who studied under Xuanzang in Tang China and first transmitted the Hossō school to Japan.
Dosimeter
A dosimeter, also called a dose meter or radiation dosimeter, is a small device like a film badge worn by workers to measure accumulated radiation dose.
Dosimetry
Dosimetry, also called radiation dosimetry, is the measurement and calculation of absorbed ionizing radiation dose in gray, calibrated against primary standards such as NIST water calorimeters for radiotherapy, imaging, and protection.
Dosirak (도시락)
Dosirak (도시락) is the Korean packed meal; North Korea calls it 곽밥. Also the name of Paldo's Doshirak instant noodles, which lead ramen markets in Russia and Uzbekistan.
Dositej Obradović
Dositej Obradović (Доситеј Обрадовић), born Dimitrije, was a Serbian Enlightenment writer and language reformer who founded the University of Belgrade's predecessor and became Serbia's first education minister in 1811.
Dositheos (son of Drimylos)
Dositheos son of Drimylos was a Ptolemaic official who served as eponymous priest of Alexandria and Ptolemais, attested in a papyrus dated to year 25 of Ptolemy III.
Dositheus II of Jerusalem
Dositheus II (Δοσίθεος Βʹ; Dosítheos Notaras, 1641–1707) was Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1669 to 1707, best known for convening the Synod of Jerusalem in 1672.
Dosquebradas
Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia: industrial satellite municipality of Pereira in the Eje Cafetero, named for the Santa Teresita and Las Garzas streams. Founded 1844, municipality since 1972; about 225,540 people, 70.58 km², 1,460 m elevation.
Dossie Easton
Dossie Easton (Dorothy Marguerite Easton, born 1944) is an American San Francisco marriage and family therapist and author; with Janet W. Hardy she wrote The Ethical Slut (1997), a foundational polyamory guide, plus BDSM handbooks.