All articles starting with D
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Double-shield tunnel boring machine
A double-shield tunnel boring machine is a hard-rock TBM whose telescopic two-shield body lets boring and segmental lining erection proceed simultaneously, patented by SELI and Robbins in 1971.
Double-skin facade
A double-skin facade (DSF) is a building envelope with two layers of glazing separated by a ventilated cavity that buffers solar heat, noise, and ventilation before air reaches the interior.
Double-slit experiment
The double-slit experiment is an interference experiment passing light, electrons, or atoms through two slits to form alternating bright and dark bands revealing their wave nature.
Double-spending
Double-spending, also called a double spend, is spending the same digital money more than once, the central security problem electronic cash and blockchain payments must prevent.
Double-stack rail transport
Double-stack rail transport loads intermodal shipping containers two high on well cars, roughly doubling containers carried per railcar and cutting crews, fuel, and train paths.
Double-stranded DNA deaminase immunity protein DddI
DddI (DddA immunity protein, UniProt P0DUH6) is a 123-aa Burkholderia cenocepacia immunity protein that inhibits the dsDNA deaminase toxin DddA by DNA mimicry, blocking its active site in a 1:1 complex (PDB 6U08).
Double-stranded RNA
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is ribonucleic acid with two complementary base-paired strands. Made during viral replication, it triggers RNA interference, the gene-silencing pathway, and innate immune defenses.
Double-stranded RNA viruses
Double-stranded RNA viruses, also called dsRNA viruses, are viruses with double-stranded RNA genomes, forming Baltimore class III; rotaviruses are a leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea.
Double-tap strike
Double-tap strike (الضربة المزدوجة): a second attack on the same target shortly after the first, timed to kill rescuers, medics, and civilians arriving between strikes; documented in Syria, Yemen, Ukraine, and Gaza; legality contested under IHL.
Double-well potential
A double-well potential is a potential energy function with two minima separated by a barrier, used in quantum mechanics to model tunneling between two classically distinct configurations.
Double-Weyl fermions in SrSi2
Double-Weyl fermions in SrSi2 is a 2016 prediction that strontium disilicide, a chiral cubic compound, hosts Weyl nodes with double topological charge; experiments later found a narrow-gap semiconductor.
DoubleClick
DoubleClick, also known as DoubleClick Inc., was an American internet advertising company founded in 1996, best known for its DART ad serving platform and its 2008 acquisition by Google.
Doubled haploidy
Doubled haploidy, or the doubled haploid technique, is a plant breeding method that creates completely homozygous lines in two generations, widely used in maize, wheat, barley, and rice.
Doubleday (publisher)
Doubleday, American trade publisher founded 1897 by Frank Nelson Doubleday as Doubleday & McClure; creator of Anchor Books trade paperbacks; now a Penguin Random House imprint in the Knopf Doubleday group.
DoubleDown Interactive
DoubleDown Interactive is a Seoul-based South Korean developer of social casino games, majority-owned by DoubleU Games; its flagship DoubleDown Casino launched on Facebook in 2010.
Doublelift
Doublelift (Yiliang Peng, 大师兄), born 1993, American League of Legends AD carry; eight-time LCS champion with CLG, TSM, and Team Liquid; retired 2023, later Team Liquid content creator.
Doublespeak
Doublespeak: deliberately obscuring, deceptive language coined in 1957 from Orwell's doublethink and newspeak though absent from Nineteen Eighty-Four; classified by William Lutz into euphemism, jargon, bureaucratese, and inflated language.
Doublet (clothing)
The doublet is a close-fitting, padded men's jacket worn over a shirt from the 14th century to about 1670, originating as the pourpoint undergarment for armour; women's versions and an 1770 Spanish revival also existed.
Doublet chemotherapy
Doublet chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that combines two cytotoxic drugs given together in the same treatment cycles, the standard first-line backbone for advanced colorectal cancer with regimens such as FOLFOX or FOLFIRI.
Doublethink
Doublethink is a Newspeak word coined by George Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) for holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously and accepting both, distinct from doublespeak and hypocrisy, and now also used in post-truth commentary and psychology research.
DoubleVerify
DoubleVerify is an American software company that verifies digital advertising, checking that ads reach real people in brand-suitable content. Founded in 2008, it is headquartered in New York.
Doubling time
Doubling time, also called doubling period, is the time an exponentially growing quantity needs to double, given by ln 2 divided by the growth rate.
Doubloon
Doubloon (Spanish doblón, "double escudo"): Spanish gold coin of the 16th-19th centuries, strictly the 2-escudo piece (~6.77 g, 22 karat) but in British colonial usage the 8-escudo onza; famous from pirate lore, the Brasher doubloon, and Moby-Dick.
Doubly charmed baryon
A doubly charmed baryon is a baryon containing two charm quarks, giving charm quantum number C = +2. The Ξcc++ was first observed by LHCb in 2017 at about 3621 MeV.
Doubly heavy baryon
A doubly heavy baryon is a baryon with two heavy quarks of one flavor, either charm or bottom, plus one light quark; the doubly charmed Ξcc++ was observed by LHCb in 2017.
Doubly labeled water
Doubly labeled water (DLW) is an isotope tracer method measuring total energy expenditure in free-living people, regarded as the gold standard since the first human study in 1982.
Doubly linked list
A doubly linked list is a linked data structure whose nodes hold pointers to both the next and previous elements, allowing backward traversal and constant-time deletion.
Doubly magic nucleus
A doubly magic nucleus is an atomic nucleus in which both protons and neutrons have magic numbers, forming closed shells; examples include helium-4, calcium-48, and lead-208.
Doubly robust estimation
Doubly robust estimation is a statistical method for estimating causal effects or means with missing data, remaining unbiased if either the outcome model or the propensity model is correct.
Doubly special relativity
Doubly special relativity, also called deformed special relativity, is a class of proposed modifications of special relativity with two invariant scales: the speed of light and the Planck energy.