All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Early nodulin 40
Early nodulin 40 (ENOD40) is a legume gene, first found in soybean, induced within hours by rhizobia; a dual lncRNA and short-peptide gene essential for nodule initiation, also present in non-legumes.
Early Norwegian black metal scene
The early Norwegian black metal scene, also known as the Black metal inner circle, was an early 1990s Oslo-based scene centered on Euronymous, Mayhem, and Helvete.
Early Paralympic classification schemes (1A–6, B1–3)
The early Paralympic classification schemes were medical, impairment-based systems, with spinal-cord classes 1A–6 and visual classes B1–3, that governed Paralympic sport from 1960 until the late 1980s.
Early Quranic manuscripts
Early Quranic manuscripts are surviving 7th-century copies of the Quran, including the Birmingham folios dated 568–645 CE and the Sanaa palimpsest, whose lower text is the only known non-ʿUthmānic manuscript.
Early repolarization syndrome
Early repolarisation syndrome: J-point elevation on ECG (inferior/lateral leads) with ventricular fibrillation without structural heart disease; common benign pattern, rare malignant channelopathy treated with ICD and quinidine.
Early road and mountain-pass tunnels
Early road and mountain-pass tunnels are hand-cut road tunnels such as the Buco di Viso of 1478, the Urnerloch of 1708, and Reigate Tunnel of 1823.
Early skyscrapers
Early skyscrapers were tall commercial buildings erected in American cities, especially Chicago and New York, from the mid-1880s onward, using metal skeleton frames and elevators, culminating in the 1913 Woolworth Building.
Early Slavs
Early Slavs: the Slavic-speaking populations first visible in sixth-century sources as Sclaveni and Antes, linked to the Prague, Penkovka, and Kolochin cultures, who spread across Europe between 500 and 700 ad, with 2025 ancient DNA showing large-scale migration.
Early Snow on the River
Early Snow on the River (江行初雪图) is a handscroll of ink and color on silk by the Southern Tang painter Zhao Gan, dated around 960, showing fishermen and travelers in the first snowfall.
Early Sorrows
Early Sorrows (Rani jadi) is a 1969 book of linked stories by Danilo Kiš about the wartime childhood of a boy whose Jewish father is deported to a death camp.
Early spermatid
Early spermatid (round spermatid): first haploid germ cell of spermatogenesis, formed from a secondary spermatocyte; transcriptionally active before chromatin compaction; matures into spermatozoa; basis of ROSI fertility treatment.
Early Spring in February (早春二月)
Early Spring in February (早春二月, Early Spring) is Xie Tieli's 1963 Beijing Film Studio drama adapted from Rou Shi's novella February, starring Sun Daolin, Xie Fang, and Shangguan Yunzhu; criticized as a poison weed in 1964, later a classic.
Early Start Denver Model
The Early Start Denver Model is a play-based early intervention for children ages 12 to 48 months with autism, developed by Sally Rogers and Geraldine Dawson.
Early stopping
Early stopping is a machine learning technique that halts training when error on a held-out validation set begins to rise, returning the best weights; it acts as implicit regularization.
Early Summer (麦秋)
Early Summer (麦秋, Bakushū) is Yasujiro Ozu's 1951 Shochiku drama, released October 3, 1951, 124 minutes, starring Setsuko Hara as Noriko; the middle film of the Noriko trilogy with Late Spring and Tokyo Story, and a 1952 Kinema Junpo Best Film winner.
Early Sunday Morning
Early Sunday Morning is a 1930 oil painting by Edward Hopper depicting a row of empty two-story storefronts on a New York street in strong morning light.
Early syphilis
Early syphilis (ICD-11 1A61) covers primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis from Treponema pallidum, the infectious first one to two years; treated with single-dose benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units.
Early telephone exchange operating companies
Early telephone exchange operating companies were local firms owning switchboards and employing operators for local calling; thousands formed after Bell's patents expired in 1894, and most were later absorbed by Bell.
Early timeline of Nazism
Early timeline of Nazism, 1918–1933: founding of the German Workers' Party, Hitler's leadership from 1921, the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, electoral rise to 37 percent, and Hitler's January 30, 1933 appointment as chancellor.
Early v. Commissioner
Early v. Commissioner, 445 F.2d 166 (5th Cir. 1971), a United States income tax case: a life interest received in settlement of a disputed gift claim was treated as acquired by gift, barring amortization under IRC 273.
Early warning score
An early warning score (EWS) is a bedside scoring method that turns routinely measured vital signs into one aggregate number used to trigger escalation of clinical care in acute illness.
Early Warnings for All
Early Warnings for All is a United Nations initiative, launched by Secretary-General António Guterres in 2022, aiming to cover every person with early warning systems by 2027.
Early world maps
Early world maps: the Babylonian Imago Mundi (6th century BCE, BM 92687), Anaximander's first scale map, Ptolemy's coordinate Geography, the Tabula Peutingeriana, and medieval mappaemundi like Ebstorf and Hereford.
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Early-onset (younger-onset) Alzheimer's disease is Alzheimer's beginning before age 65, about 5% of US cases. Familial forms come from APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 mutations; lecanemab and donanemab modestly slow early symptomatic disease.
Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease
Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (EOAD, EOFAD, ADAD): rare inherited Alzheimer disease with onset usually before 60, caused by fully penetrant PSEN1, APP, or PSEN2 mutations; under 1% of all AD cases.
Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy-skeletal dysplasia
Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy-skeletal dysplasia, also called BANDDOS (OMIM 618476), is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive CSF1R-related disorder combining calcifying leukoencephalopathy, brain malformations, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis-Pyle spectrum skeletal dysplasia.
Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes
Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes, also called EOCARR or Harding ataxia, is a rare inherited ataxia starting in childhood that resembles Friedreich ataxia but keeps brisk tendon reflexes.
Early-onset dementia
Early-onset (young-onset) dementia, YOD, is dementia with symptom onset before age 65, about 5-8% of cases, Alzheimer's disease only 34%, with long diagnostic delays and frequent psychiatric misdiagnosis.
Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia
Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia, also DYT1 or DYT-TOR1A or Oppenheim dystonia, a rare autosomal dominant dystonia from the TOR1A c.907_909delGAG deletion, starting in a limb in childhood and generalizing in 60-70% of cases.
Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy
Early-onset myopathy with fatal cardiomyopathy (EOMFC), or Salih myopathy, is a rare autosomal recessive TTN-related titinopathy with infantile skeletal muscle weakness and childhood dilated cardiomyopathy causing death between ages 8 and 20.