All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
Electrical connector
An electrical connector, also called a wire connector, joins electrical circuits with a reliable yet separable connection, letting cables or circuit boards attach without soldering.
Electrical discharge machining
Electrical discharge machining (EDM), also called spark machining or spark erosion, is a machining process that removes conductive material, regardless of hardness, by controlled sparks in a dielectric fluid.
Electrical energy
Electrical energy is the energy associated with electric charges and their electric fields, delivered as work when charges move through a potential difference, and measured in joules.
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a professional engineering discipline covering the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism, spanning subfields from power and telecommunications to computer engineering and robotics.
Electrical Equipment and Supplies
Electrical Equipment and Supplies (MeSH D055615, tree E07.305) is a National Library of Medicine subject heading for apparatus and instruments that generate or operate with electricity and their components, introduced in 2009, used to index biomedical literature on powered medical and electronic equipment.
Electrical equipment in hazardous areas
Electrical equipment in hazardous areas, or HAZLOC, is equipment designed and certified so it cannot ignite explosive atmospheres, which are classified into zones by likelihood.
Electrical grid
An electrical grid, also called an electricity grid or power grid, is the network of power plants, transmission lines, transformers, and distribution lines that carries electricity to consumers.
Electrical impedance
Electrical impedance is the opposition a circuit presents to alternating current, combining resistance and reactance into one complex quantity, symbol Z, in ohms, generalizing DC resistance.
Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive, radiation-free imaging method that reconstructs the body's internal electrical conductivity from electrodes on the skin, giving real-time images of regional lung ventilation at the bedside.
Electrical injury
Electrical injury, also called electric shock injury or electrocution, is tissue damage from current passing through the body, mainly thermal; severity depends on voltage, AC or DC type, pathway, duration, and skin resistance, with burns, arrhythmias, and rhabdomyolysis.
Electrical load
An electrical load, also called an external load, is any circuit component that consumes electrical power, converting it into light, heat, or motion; appliances and motors are common examples.
Electrical mobility
Electrical mobility, also called carrier mobility, is a measure of how readily electrons or holes move through a material under an applied electric field, in cm²/(V·s).
Electrical muscle stimulation
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS, NMES): applying electric currents via electrodes to contract skeletal muscles for rehabilitation, muscle re-education, and atrophy prevention; conventional 20–40 Hz stimulation recruits motor units nonphysiologically, causing fatigue; FDA-regulated devices.
Electrical network
An electrical network, also called an electric circuit, is a system of elements and nodes in which every element terminal connects to a node, analyzed through Kirchhoff's rules.
Electrical polarity
Electrical polarity is the designation of the two terminals or poles of an electrical source or device as positive and negative, and their relationship in a circuit.
Electrical reactance
Electrical reactance, denoted X, is the opposition a capacitor or inductor presents to alternating current, measured in ohms; unlike resistance, it stores energy rather than dissipating it and depends on frequency.
Electrical resistance and conductance
Electrical resistance is a circuit element's opposition to electric current, R = V/I, measured in ohms; conductance, its reciprocal, measures how easily current flows, in siemens.
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical resistivity, or specific electrical resistance, is an intrinsic material property measuring how strongly it opposes electric current, measured in ohm-meters; conductivity, its reciprocal, measures how well the material conducts.
Electrical resistivity imaging
Electrical resistivity imaging, also called electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), is a geophysical method that maps subsurface resistivity by injecting current and measuring voltage, used to find groundwater, contaminants, and geology.
Electrical resistivity method
The electrical resistivity method is a geophysical surveying technique, originating in the 1910s, that injects current into the ground to map groundwater, salinity, fractures, and contaminants.
Electrical resistivity survey (archaeology)
Electrical resistivity survey is a geophysical method used in archaeology to map buried walls and ditches by measuring soil resistance to electric current, working best in moist, unfrozen ground.
Electrical resistivity tomography
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical imaging method that reconstructs subsurface electrical resistivity from electrode measurements, producing 2D sections and 3D volumes for hydrogeology, geotechnics, and environmental studies.
Electrical switching of antiferromagnetic order
Electrical switching of antiferromagnetic order is the use of electric current or voltage pulses to reverse the magnetic order of an antiferromagnet, demonstrated experimentally from 2016.
Electrical switching of antiferromagnetism in CuMnAs
Electrical switching of antiferromagnetism in CuMnAs is the reorientation of CuMnAs's antiferromagnetic order by current pulses, first demonstrated at room temperature by Wadley and colleagues in 2016.
Electrical switching of antiferromagnets
Electrical switching of antiferromagnets is the use of electric current or voltage, rather than magnetic fields, to reverse the Néel vector of antiferromagnets, demonstrated since 2016 in materials such as CuMnAs.
Electrical synapse
Electrical synapse (gap junction synapse): a neuron-to-neuron junction transmitting ionic current directly through connexin channels, mainly Cx36; fast, bidirectional, plastic, and about 20% of connections in C. elegans and rabbit retina circuits.
Electrical telegraph
The electrical telegraph, also called the electromagnetic or magnetic telegraph, sends written messages as coded pulses over wires; Cooke and Wheatstone patented the first practical system in 1837.
Electrical termination
Electrical termination is the practice of ending a transmission line with a load whose impedance matches the line, absorbing signal energy instead of reflecting it.
Electrical treeing
Electrical treeing is a pre-breakdown degradation process in which branching channels grow through solid electrical insulation, the primary failure mode of polymeric high-voltage cable insulation.
Electrical wiring
Electrical wiring, also known as building wiring, carries electricity from the supply to lights, appliances, and equipment in a building, governed by codes such as the US National Electrical Code.