All articles starting with E
17,681 articles
English medieval clothing
English medieval clothing: dress in England from Anglo-Saxon to late medieval times, mainly wool and linen with imported silk. Distinguished by opus anglicanum embroidery, sumptuary laws of 1337, 1363, and 1463, and London excavated textile finds.
English muffin
English muffin: a small flat yeast-leavened griddle bread, introduced in New York by Samuel Bath Thomas in 1880 as "toaster crumpets" and renamed in 1902; famous for nooks and crannies and the Egg McMuffin.
English mythology
English mythology: the layered legends of England, from the poorly attested Anglo-Saxon pagan religion to the Arthurian cycle, Robin Hood, and living folklore measured by the 2025 National Folklore Survey.
English novel
The English novel is the tradition of British prose fiction usually dated from Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), developed by Richardson and Fielding, and achieving critical acceptance with Austen and Scott in the early nineteenth century.
English numerals
English numerals: the cardinal words (one, two), ordinals (first, second), magnitudes (hundred, million), and writing conventions of English. Distinguished by opaque forms like eleven and twelve and the seven-century shift from 'one and twenty' to 'twenty-one'.
English Opening
English Opening (1.c4, ECO A10), a flank chess opening named after Howard Staunton, who used it in his 1843 Saint-Amant match; popularized by Botvinnik, highly transpositional, with main replies 1...e5, 1...Nf6, and 1...c5.
English orthography
English orthography is the spelling system of English, a deep alphabetic orthography shaped by the Norman Conquest, Chancery Standard, printing, and Johnson's Dictionary, with five vowel letters for at least 21 vowel sounds and a history of failed reform efforts.
English overseas possessions
English overseas possessions: territories of the Kingdom of England abroad before 1707, from Newfoundland (claimed by Cabot, 1497) and Jamestown (1607) to Caribbean and African posts; ruled as royal, proprietary, and charter colonies, becoming British possessions after the Act of Union 1707.
English parish and town council elections
Elections to England's roughly 10,000 civil parish and town councils, the lowest tier of local government, are held every four years, though most seats are filled without a poll.
English passive voice
English passive voice: clause pattern with be plus past participle, subject as patient, optional by-agent. Contrasted with active voice; Old English weorðan/wesan passives, Middle English expansion, get-passive, academic usage.
English PEN
English PEN, founded in London in 1921 by Catherine Amy Dawson Scott, is a writers' association campaigning for freedom of expression and the founding center of the PEN movement.
English people
English people: the nation and ethnic group of England, United Kingdom. Formed from post-Roman Germanic migration (name from the Angli), unified kingdom since 927; 74.4% of England and Wales identified as White British in Census 2021, with dual English/British identities common.
English personal pronouns
English personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they): a closed word class marked for person, number, case, and natural gender; covers thou/ye loss, singular they, dialect plurals, and comparison with German and French.
English phonology
English phonology: the phoneme inventory and phonotactics of English and their history. Accents differ mainly in vowels; the Great Vowel Shift redistributed Middle English long vowels from the late 15th century.
English poetry
English poetry: verse in the English language from Old English alliterative meter (Beowulf, four stresses, caesura) through Chaucer's iambic pentameter, Renaissance blank verse, and modern free verse.
English Reformation
The English Reformation: the Tudor-era break from Rome (Act of Supremacy 1534), dissolution of the monasteries, Edwardian prayer book reforms, Marian reversal, and Elizabethan settlement, plus its historiography.
English Renaissance
The English Renaissance, the English phase of the European Renaissance (c. 1485–1660), was a literary and musical rather than visual-arts movement shaped by humanism, Caxton's printing press, the Reformation, and Elizabethan patronage, producing Shakespeare, Marlowe, Spenser, and Milton.
English Renaissance theatre
English Renaissance theatre, also called Elizabethan theatre, was the theatre of England from 1558 to 1642, spanning Elizabethan, Jacobean, and Caroline phases, featuring the first professional actors, purpose-built playhouses such as the Theatre and the Globe, and playwrights including Shakespeare, Marlowe, and Jonson.
English rose (epithet)
English rose (epithet): a term for an attractive, fair-skinned Englishwoman with a traditionally English appearance, traced to Basil Hood's 1902 opera Merrie England; distinct from David Austin's English rose cultivars.
English rugby union system
English rugby union system: the RFU-governed league pyramid in England, from the Premiership (Prem) and Championship to grassroots clubs, covering the 1995 professionalization, salary cap, PRL revenue shares, and the 2026-27 franchise-style reform ending relegation.
English school of international relations theory
The English school of international relations theory, or international society school, is a British-origin IR tradition via media between realism and liberalism, centered on Hedley Bull, Martin Wight, the British Committee (1959), and pluralist-solidarist debates.
English Setter
English Setter, also called Laverack or Llewellin Setter, a British gundog breed that crouches or 'sets' on finding birds; belton-flecked white coat, 65-69 cm tall, gentle temperament, prone to ear infections and deafness.
English settlement of St. Kitts
The English settlement of St. Kitts, begun by Sir Thomas Warner at Old Road in 1623, was the first permanent English colony in the West Indies.
English ship Revenge (1577)
Revenge was an English race-built galleon of the Elizabethan navy, launched in 1577, that served as Sir Francis Drake's flagship against the Spanish Armada in 1588.
English ship Sovereign of the Seas
Sovereign of the Seas was a first-rate warship of the English Royal Navy, launched at Woolwich in 1637 and the first English vessel to carry 100 guns.
English Springer Spaniel
English Springer Spaniel: British gundog (FCI Group 8) bred to spring game; larger "springer" littermates vs cockers. Kennel Club recognition 1902, AKC 1910; 20-inch, ~50 lb standard; field and show types.
English Standard Version
The English Standard Version (ESV) is an essentially literal English Bible translation published by Crossway in 2001 as a revision of the Revised Standard Version.
English Strait
English Strait (Estrecho Inglés) is a 17 km long, 2 km wide strait between Greenwich and Robert Islands in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, named since at least 1822.
English stud
English Stud is a seven-card stud poker variant, a stud-draw hybrid, in which up to six players may exchange one card after fifth and sixth streets; best five-card high hand wins, with optional paid exchanges and a seventh card for small tables.
English studies
English studies: the university discipline covering English literature, English language and linguistics, creative writing, composition and rhetoric, and cultural studies; an interdiscipline, distinct from linguistics and TESOL, with documented UK enrolment trends.