All articles starting with E

Enzo Pérez

Enzo Nicolás Pérez (born 1986, Maipú, Mendoza), Argentine defensive midfielder of Estudiantes, Benfica, Valencia, and River Plate; 2014 World Cup finalist, Libertadores winner 2009 and 2018, famous as River's emergency goalkeeper in 2021; joined Deportivo Maipú in 2026 at 40.

Oct 21, 2026

Enzo Sacchi

Enzo Sacchi (1926-1988), Italian track sprint cyclist from Firenze; won 1,000 m sprint gold at Helsinki 1952 and amateur world sprint titles in 1951 and 1952, later a professional sprinter and six-day rider.

Enzo Sternal

Enzo Sternal (born 2007, Nancy) is a French youth international forward/attacking midfielder. AS Nancy Lorraine and Marseille youth product, U17 champion and Coupe Gambardella winner 2024, now at RSC Anderlecht (contract to 2029), distinct from footballer Enzo Fernandez.

Enzo Vogrincic

Enzo Vogrincic (Enzo Vogrincic Roldán), Uruguayan actor born 1993 in Montevideo, known for playing Numa Turcatti in J.A. Bayona's 2023 Netflix film Society of the Snow; trained at EMAD, won a Platino Award, wrote La muerte del personaje.

Enzo Zidane

Enzo Zidane (Enzo Alan Zidane Fernandez), born 1995 in Bordeaux, eldest son of Zinedine Zidane; French midfielder, scored on his only Real Madrid appearance (2016 Copa del Rey), journeyman at Alaves, Lausanne, Aves, Rodez, Fuenlabrada, retired 2024 at 29.

Oct 21, 2026

Enzootic abortion of ewes

Ovine chlamydiosis, also called enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) or ovine enzootic abortion (OEA), is a Chlamydia abortus infection of sheep and goats causing late-pregnancy abortion, necrotic placentas, latent carriage, and zoonotic risk to pregnant women.

Oct 21, 2026

Enzootic bovine leukosis

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), cattle disease caused by bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), a deltaretrovirus; mostly subclinical, causing persistent lymphocytosis in ~30% and lymphosarcoma in 1-10%; diagnosed by AGID, ELISA, and PCR; no vaccine.

Enzymaster

Enzymaster is a Chinese-German industrial biotechnology company specializing in biocatalysis and enzyme engineering, founded in Ningbo, China in 2013, with an international unit in Düsseldorf, Germany.

Enzymatic C–H functionalization

Enzymatic C–H functionalization uses enzymes, including P450s and engineered P411s developed by directed evolution, to convert carbon–hydrogen bonds directly into carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bonds without prefunctionalizing substrates.

Enzymatic C–H functionalization by engineered cytochrome P450s

Enzymatic C–H functionalization by engineered cytochrome P450s uses protein-engineered heme monooxygenases to selectively convert C–H bonds into C–O, C–N, or C–C bonds under mild, aqueous conditions.

Enzymatic carbene transfer

Enzymatic carbene transfer is a family of artificial biocatalytic reactions first engineered at Caltech in 2012, in which heme proteins form metal-carbene intermediates from diazo compounds to make new bonds.

Enzymatic carbon dioxide reduction

Enzymatic carbon dioxide reduction uses enzymes, alone or in cascades, to convert CO2 into one-carbon products such as formate and methanol, typically in water at mild conditions.

Enzymatic cyclopropanation and cyclopropenation

Enzymatic cyclopropanation and cyclopropenation are biocatalytic carbene-transfer reactions in which engineered heme enzymes turn diazo compounds and alkenes or alkynes into highly stereoselective cyclopropane or cyclopropene rings.

Enzymatic depolymerization

Enzymatic depolymerization uses enzymes to cleave the hydrolyzable backbones of polymers such as PET and cellulose into monomers, enabling closed-loop plastic recycling and biomass conversion.

Enzymatic extraction

Enzymatic extraction, also called enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), is a green sample-preparation method that uses cell-wall-degrading enzymes to release polyphenols, oils, and proteins from plant material under mild conditions.

Enzymatic halogenation

Enzymatic halogenation is the introduction of chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine atoms into organic molecules by enzymes, chiefly in the biosynthesis of natural products like antibiotics.

Oct 15, 2026

Enzymatic hydrolysis

Enzymatic hydrolysis is the enzyme-driven breakdown of cellulose in plant biomass into soluble sugars, under mild conditions, and serves as the central conversion step in biochemical cellulosic ethanol production.

Enzymatic interesterification

Enzymatic interesterification is a fats and oils modification method that uses lipase enzymes to rearrange fatty acids, changing melting behavior while preserving fatty acid composition.

Enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis

Enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis uses template-independent polymerases, most often TdT, to build DNA and RNA strands in water, avoiding the solvents and yield losses of phosphoramidite chemistry.

Enzymatic peptide ligation

Enzymatic peptide ligation is the use of enzymes, such as sortases and engineered proteases, to form native peptide bonds between fragments with high selectivity under mild conditions.

Enzymatic plastic degradation

Enzymatic plastic degradation is the breakdown of synthetic polymer chains by enzymes, most prominently PET hydrolases like PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis, offering mild-condition recycling at 40 to 70 °C.

Enzymatic plastic recycling

Enzymatic plastic recycling uses enzymes, usually hydrolytic ones, to depolymerize plastic waste into monomers that can be repolymerized into virgin-quality plastic; it is most advanced for PET, early-stage for nylons, and not yet viable for polyolefins.

Enzymatic polymerization

Enzymatic polymerization is the in vitro synthesis of polymers by isolated enzymes such as lipases and peroxidases, a metal-free route to polyesters, polycarbonates, polyphenols, and polysaccharides.

Enzymatic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate

Enzymatic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a chemical recycling method in which enzymes break PET plastic into its monomers at mild temperatures, with the first commercial plant planned in France by Carbios.

Enzymatic ring-opening polymerization

Enzymatic ring-opening polymerization, or eROP, is a polymerization method in which a lipase enzyme, usually Candida antarctica lipase B, builds biodegradable polyesters from cyclic monomers under mild, metal-free conditions.

Enzymatic synthesis of complex glycosides with engineered glycosyltransferases

Enzymatic synthesis of complex glycosides with engineered glycosyltransferases builds defined oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates using glycosyltransferases modified by rational design or directed evolution, avoiding lengthy protecting-group chemistry.

Oct 15, 2026

Enzymatic transesterification

Enzymatic transesterification is the lipase-catalyzed conversion of oils and fats into biodiesel, offering mild conditions and direct use of waste oils, but limited by high enzyme cost and slower reactions.

Enzyme

Enzyme: biological catalyst, almost always a protein (sometimes RNA), that speeds specific cellular reactions by lowering activation energy; thousands per cell; discovered via Buchner's 1897 cell-free fermentation; central to metabolism, industry, medicine, and AI-driven enzyme engineering.

Enzyme assay

Enzyme assay: laboratory measurement of enzyme catalytic activity via substrate loss or product formation rate, using initial-velocity Michaelis-Menten kinetics, spectrophotometric (340 nm NADH) or fluorometric readouts, in units of U or katal.